柠檬酸与胃蛋白酶协同水解牛骨粉的工艺优化

以新鲜牛骨为原料,探讨牛骨粉的制备工艺;采用对比和正交实验相结合的设计方案,用柠檬酸与胃蛋白酶协同水解牛骨粉,以水解度、钙溶出率为特征性指标,三氯乙酸中可溶性氮含量评定水解效果。结果表明:牛骨在121℃,0.14MPa条件下,蒸煮120min全部松软,蛋白质暴露面积增加,有利于其水解;用柠檬酸水解牛骨粉,水解度与钙溶出率呈极显著相关性(P<0.01);柠檬酸与胃蛋白酶协同水解牛骨粉的最佳条件:柠檬酸浓度0.5mol/L、酶与底物蛋白量比(E/S)为500U/g、底物浓度11%、反应时间为6h,水解度与钙溶出率分别达33.7%和11.2%;三氯乙酸中可溶性氮含量达到97.2%,表明大部分产物为低分子肽类,溶解性高。     

菜籽粕分步酶解制备水解产物的研究

以脱脂菜籽粕为原料,水解度为考察指标,采用碱性蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶分步酶解法制备复合氨基酸及小肽等水解产物。通过正交试验确定碱性蛋白酶的最佳酶解工艺参数为：温度50℃、pH10.5、加酶量3250U/g、液料比15:1、时间1.5h;中性蛋白酶的最佳酶解工艺参数为：温度45℃、pH9、加酶量4500U/g、时间2h。制备的复合氨基酸及小肽等水解产物总水解度和氮收率可达25.66% 和86.8%;水解产物在pH3～7 范围内,氮溶解指数高于72.19％。三氯乙酸氮溶解指数达85.67%,且产物中植酸、单宁等主要的抗营养因子的含量明显降低。     

双酶水解牛肉的研究

用复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶同步水解牛肉,最佳酶解条件为:底物浓度为16%、复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶的添加量均为1.0%、水解温度50℃,起始pH值6.5,酶水解时间8h,水解度为21.0%,酶水解产物中的小肽含量较为理想.     

木瓜蛋白酶制备草鱼鳞胶原肽的工艺优化及产物特性分析

以草鱼鱼鳞为对象,研究木瓜蛋白酶酶解条件对鱼鳞蛋白酶解产物水解度和氮收率的影响,以获得较高氮收率及水解度的鱼鳞胶原肽。结果表明,水解温度、起始pH值、底物浓度和加酶量对木瓜蛋白酶水解产物的水解度和氮收率都有显著影响(p<0.05);木瓜蛋白酶在底物浓度为5%、起始pH值为5.0、加酶量为3000 U/g蛋白、水解温度为60℃条件下水解鱼鳞120 min,鱼鳞水解产物的水解度和氮收率都较好,其水解度为12.68%、氮收率为89.42%;且水解产物在酸性、中性及碱性条件下的溶解性均在97%以上,分子量呈连续分布,主要分布在200～ 5000 u之间。     

微波辅助酶解提取硫酸软骨素下脚料中胶原蛋白肽的工艺研究

以生产硫酸软骨素的下脚料为原料,采用微波辅助酶解制备胶原蛋白肽,以水解度、相对分子量分布为指标确定最佳水解条件。通过对酸性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶及风味蛋白酶进行筛选,确定风味蛋白酶水解产物的水解度最高;研究了加酶量、底物浓度、反应温度、pH对酶解反应的影响,确定酶解的最优工艺条件为:加酶量6%,底物浓度10%,反应温度50℃,pH7.0。此外,与单独的酶解相比,微波辅助酶解缩短了酶解时间近50%,分子量小于1 000的胶原蛋白肽比例占91.2%。     

中性蛋白酶酶解玉米蛋白工艺条件的优化

通过对酶法水解玉米粉蛋白制备多肽的工艺进行了研究,试验以水解度(DH%)和氮溶解指数X%)为指标确定了最佳酶解工艺条件.结果表明,在pH 7.5,酶解温度50℃,酶与底物比2%,底物浓度5%的条件下酶解4 h,可使水解度和氮溶解指数分别达到23.74%和24.02%.     

中性蛋白酶水解玉米蛋白粉制备可溶性肽最佳条件的研究

通过对酶法水解玉米粉蛋白制备多肽的工艺进行了研究,实验以水解度(DH)和氮溶解指数(NSI)为指标确定了最佳酶解工艺条件。结果表明,在pH7.5、酶解温度50℃、酶与底物比2%、底物浓度5%的条件下酶解4h,可使水解度和氮溶解指数分别达到22.74%和23.86%。     

酶水解高温豆粕制备高水解度大豆肽的研究

采用碱性蛋白酶水解高温豆粕制备高水解度大豆肽,通过单因素和响应面实验确定酶解高温豆粕的优化条件。以水解度为指标,考察温度、时间、pH、加酶量、底物浓度等因素对水解度的影响。优化的酶解条件为:温度50℃、时间5h、pH8.60、加酶量17700U/g底物、底物浓度10.25%,该条件下得到大豆肽的水解度为37.20%。     

酶法提取变性脱脂豆粕中蛋白质的研究

变性豆粕是由大豆浸油后,经高温脱溶所得。本文以高温变性脱脂大豆粕为原料,用正交实验法对变性豆粕在蛋白酶作用下的水解特性进行了深入研究。选用国产胰蛋白酶为水解酶对变性豆粕进行水解,研究了变性豆粕中蛋白质溶出率随温度、pH值、时间、底物浓度及用酶量的变化规律,找到了水解变性豆粕的最佳实验条件,为生产实践提供了基础数据。该研究结果对其它蛋白质原料的水解特性研究也具有参考价值。研究结果表明:胰蛋白酶水解高温变性豆粕的最佳条件为:温度50℃,时间6h,底物浓度11%,用酶量1000U/g,pH值8.0,在此条件下,变性豆粕中蛋白质可有69.34%水解溶出。所得蛋白质其水解度DH为9.0%,溶解度(用氮溶解指数NSI表示)为57.0%。     

酶改性制备米糠浓缩蛋白的研究

为改善碱溶酸沉法提取的米糠浓缩蛋白产品的功能特性,以米糠蛋白为原料,用氮溶解指数和水解度为指标对中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶进行筛选,确定碱性蛋白酶为最佳的改性用酶,并通过单因素和正交试验优化出碱性蛋白酶最佳改性条件为:底物浓度3%,酶用量1 500 U/g,温度55℃,pH8.5,时间4 h。在最佳条件下,米糠蛋白的氮溶解指数从35.6%提高到95.42%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the