一种高线性度超宽带采样/保持电路

设计了一种桥式并-串联级联结构的高线性度、超宽带采样/保持电路。该采样/保持电路包括输入缓冲器、辅助开关和SEF开关三个单元。采用桥式并-串联级联结构改进的辅助开关模块单元,大幅提高了电路的线性度和带宽。该采样保持电路基于0.13 μm SiGe双极型工艺进行设计,-4.75 V和2 V双电源电压供电。仿真结果表明,在100 fF采样电容、6.25 GHz采样频率、10.28 GHz输入频率的条件下,SFDR为69.60 dB,THD为-65.25 dB,-3 dB带宽达 35.43 GHz。     

一种12位25 MS/s采样保持电路设计

在流水线结构的A／D转换电路中,采样保持电路是整个电路的核心模块。同时采样保持电路通常是整个电路中功耗最大的模块,其性能直接决定了整个A／D转换器的性能。文章介绍了一种12位25MS／s采样保持电路。该采样保持电路采用SMIC0.25μm标准数字CMOS工艺进行设计。基于BSIM3V3Spice模型,采用Hspice对整个电路进行仿真。仿真的结果表明,电路在工作于25MS／s、输入信号频率为2．56MHz时,输出信号的SFDR为75．6dB,而整个电路的功耗仅为10．41mW。     

一种低功耗14 bit逐次逼近型模数转换电路设计

为满足可穿戴集成电路长续航时间的应用需求,设计了一种低功耗14 bit逐次逼近型模数转换电路。为提高电路线性度,采样保持模块利用开关自举原理获得晶体管栅极电压;采用动态预置放大加锁存比较结构,有效降低了比较器模块的功耗;采用分段电容结构,有效减少了数模转换模块的电容数目,节约了芯片版图面积。在Aether软件环境下,采用CSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺完成了电路的仿真和版图设计,仿真结果表明:电源电压3.3V,输入采样频率为2.08 MHz时,信噪失真比为77.3 dB,有效位数为12.55 bit,电路总功耗为236.4μW,包含I/O焊盘的版图面积为757μm×768μm。     

一种0.18μm数字工艺的12bit 100MS/s流水线型ADC设计

描述一个基于TSMC 0.18μm数字工艺的12 bit 100 Ms/s流水线模数转换器的设计实例。该模数转换器采用1.5bit每级结构,电源电压为1.8V。包括十级1.5 bit/stage和最后一级2bit Flash模数转换器,共产生22bit数字码,数字码经过数字校正电路产生12 bit的输出。该模数转换器省去了采样保持电路,电路模块包括:各个子流水级、共模电压生成模块、带隙基准电压生成模块、开关电容动态偏置模块、系统时钟生成模块、时间延迟对齐模块和数字校正电路模块。为了实现低功耗设计,在电路设计中综合采用了输入采样保持放大器消去、按比例缩小和动态偏置电路等技术。ADC实测结果,当以100 MHz的采样率对10MHz的正弦输入信号进行采样转换时,在其输出得到了73.23dB的SFDR,62.75dB的SNR,整体功耗仅为113mW。     

利用内插/重采样器实现全数字码元同步

以采样定理和采样恢复为理论依据,分析了利用内插/重采样技术从基带采样信号中恢复数字信号最佳判决点的可行性。给出了采用该技术实现全数字码元同步的方法,并对其关键组成模块:内插/重采样器、码元误差检测、环路滤波器以及DDS等给出了详尽的设计说明和参数计算方法。该方案对软件和硬件实现有着普遍的适用性,其正确性和有效性经过了仿真验证。     

多采样率在某新型兵器控制系统中的探索研究

多采样率数字控制系统是指含有2个或2个以上不同采样周期的采样器和保持器的数字控制系统。采样时间是其重要参数,决定了系统的控制精度。文中应用等效的思想对该兵器控制系统进行性能探索研究,采用假想开关法,在慢速率采样器后人为地引入快速率虚拟采样器,把低采样信号变为高采样频率信号。系统的等效变换首先需要在低采样频率中引入数字保持器,然后进行高频率采样,以使同一采样频率的信号互相连接或综合,最后延伸补助环节并构成系统的补助通道。通过设置2个和4个采样开关进行实验,发现多采样率使系统性能得到优化的同时却出现了个别的振荡点。解决方法就是重新对系统进行零点配置。     

通信与网络

采用小型MINICAST封装的IR接收器模块Vishay Intertechnology推出采用新型Minicast封装的八个新系列红外接收器模块,这些模块具有高EMI抗扰性以及高精度频带滤波器。每个Minicast封装的器件均包含光检测器及前置放大器电路,该电路安装在具有集成半柱型     

基于AT89C51的温度监测系统设计

本文设计的硬件电路可以对温度进行实时监测并在温度异常时发出警报。该电路采用以AT89C51为核心的主控芯片,并且包含了传感器数据采集模块、温度显示模块、报警模块以及复位模块等电路。其中,温度显示模块通过LCD1602液晶显示器对温度进行实时显示;传感器数据采集电路采用DS18B20单总线型温度传感器。该系统电路设计简单,工作性能稳定,硬件成本低廉,灵敏度高。     

一种C波段数字阵列模块设计与研究

介绍了一种C波段数字阵列模块的设计,该模块可应用于数字阵列雷达中,该模块包含独立可控的多个通道,易于实现收发数字波束形成,阵列模块中电路共用部分均采用集中供给,将混频器、滤波器等器件采用收发共用,使得阵列模块的集成度大幅提高。     

智能型光电采样器的设计

光电采样器是电表校验中一个不可或缺的部件。其性能之优劣,直接影响了电能表校验装置的整体性能,影响了校表的工作效率。光电采样技术在校验电度表上的应用,在国内已有几十年的历史,产品性能也日趋完善。产品最初是只装有发射管、接收管的模拟式光电采样器,后来推出了带有波形处理电路的第二代模拟式光电采样器,之后出现的第三代数控式光电采样器。这一系列产品各有特色。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.