高熵形状记忆合金的研究进展

高熵形状记忆合金是在等原子比NiTi合金的基础上,结合高熵合金的概念,逐渐发展起来的一种新型高温形状记忆合金。近年来,已开发出了综合性能优异的(TiZrHf)50(NiCoCu)50系和(TiZrHf)50(NiCuPd)50系高熵形状记忆合金,引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣。本文从物相组成、微观组织、马氏体相变行为、形状记忆效应和超弹性等角度出发,综述了高熵形状记忆合金的研究进展,并对高熵形状记忆合金未来的研究重点进行了展望。     

稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品溯源领域的研究进展

本文基于国内外禽类及其制品溯源的研究成果，针对市场上出现的禽类及其制品的产地和饲养方式造假（如普通鸡蛋冒充地理标志鸡蛋、自由散养鸡蛋、有机鸡蛋等）、禽类饲料成分掺假（如非法添加动物副产品、色素等）等问题，梳理了稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品可追溯性的应用进展，在此基础上提出禽类及其制品溯源的现存问题和发展方向，以期为稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品质量安全领域的深入研究及食品溯源体系完善提供参考。     

Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms

Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. Inocybe is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of Inocybe mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.     

吐哈盆地葡北地区“两宽一高”地震勘探技术及应用效果

吐哈盆地台北凹陷圈闭落实的准确度和储层分布预测的精度一直是制约该区油气发现的关键因素。通过可控震源“两宽一高”地震采集、OVT域时间偏移、地质导向深度偏移初始模型建立及各向异性深度偏移迭代处理，在地震资料的信噪比、频带宽度和分辨率等方面明显提高的基础上，以高精度层序地层学为指导，基于高分辨率地震资料与钻井、测井资料的综合分析，识别出侏罗系6个三级层序，在三级层序格架内将研究区七克台组底部和三间房组顶部砂体识别为两个连续上升半旋回四级层序；通过构造几何属性分析及精细构造分析，揭示了本区“四带、两凹”的构造格局及形成机制；以宽频带多种反演技术为手段，对含油气层段的七克台组和三间房组砂体分布进行了预测；在综合构造分析、储层分析和油藏成藏规律分析的基础上，提出本区油气沿构造带脊线聚集，断裂系统是油气运移的优势路径，七克台组、三间房组储层在葡北构造带发育，向玉果构造带和胜北次凹减薄尖灭，葡北构造带与玉果构造带结合部位的，具有鼻状构造背景的岩性圈闭是获得油气突破的有利地区。     

Experimental investigation of far-field human cough airflows from healthy and influenza-infected subjects

Seasonal influenza epidemics have been responsible for causing increased economic expenditures and many deaths worldwide. Evidence exists to support the claim that the virus can be spread through the air, but the relative significance of airborne transmission has not been well defined. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and hot-wire anemometry (HWA) measurements were conducted at 1 m away from the mouth of human subjects to develop a model for cough flow behavior at greater distances from the mouth than were studied previously. Biological aerosol sampling was conducted to assess the risk of exposure to airborne viruses. Throughout the investigation, 77 experiments were conducted from 58 different subjects. From these subjects, 21 presented with influenza-like illness. Of these, 12 subjects had laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections. A model was developed for the cough centerline velocity magnitude time history. The experimental results were also used to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The peak velocity observed at the cough jet center, averaged across all trials, was 1.2 m/s, and an average jet spread angle of θ = 24° was measured, similar to that of a steady free jet. No differences were observed in the velocity or turbulence characteristics between coughs from sick, convalescent, or healthy participants.     

国家科技部“十三五”重点研发计划地热专项全部完成立项

根据科技部“十三五”科技战略部署,于2018、2019两年时间顺利完成“干热岩能量获取及利用关键科学问题研究”、“深部碳酸盐岩热储层强化增产与利用综合评价技术”及“砂岩热储采灌增效技术与装备”三项重点研发计划项目从申报、函审、视频答辩到立项的工作。     

放顶煤液压支架在土耳其IMABT煤矿现场的应用

通过对土耳其IMBAT煤矿地质条件的分析研究，结合多种选型计算方法的验证，最终选择了合适的设备，使该矿的开采效率得到较大提升。同时也扩大了我国的煤炭开采装备应用范围。根据在土耳其IMBAT煤矿现场多年的服务经验，将理论与实践相结合，就综采放顶煤液压支架在土耳其IMABT煤矿现场的应用进行了论述。     

Fe基非晶合金增强1060铝基多层复合材料的组织与性能

采用累积叠轧焊+中间退火法复合轧制1060Al/Fe基非晶多层铝合金复合板材。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X-衍射分析仪以及拉伸试验机分析Al基复合材料的微观组织结构变化、断口形貌、物相组成以及力学性能。结果表明:Fe基非晶复合材料的增强体在300 ℃中间退火过程中发生部分晶化,在累积变形轧制过程中发生破碎,并随着变形道次的增加,破碎程度随之增大;复合板前6道次的累积轧制变形出现了明显的加工软化现象,并且随着变形道次的增加,其加工软化的效果愈明显;随着累积轧制变形道次增加,Al基复合材料的力学性能发生了明显的变化,第2道次轧制变形后屈服强度与抗拉强度达到了最大值为140 MPa和156 MPa,伸长率为5.53%,达到最佳综合性能。