左旋和右旋奥硝唑在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的:研究大鼠口服和静注左旋、右旋奥硝唑,比较两者药代动力学行为差异。方法:大鼠分别口服和静注左旋、右旋奥硝唑后,用HPLC法测定血浆中药物的浓度。色谱柱为Lichrospher C18柱,流动相为甲醇-0.4%HOAc(30∶70),流速0.8 mL/min,柱温40℃,紫外检测波长316 nm。结果:口服给药后,左旋、右旋奥硝唑的t1/2分别为2.49和3.42 h,AUC分别为168.21和207.19μg.h/mL,CL/F分别为0.11和0.09 L/h。静脉注射给药后,左旋、右旋奥硝唑的t1/2分别为2.19和3.23h,AUC分别为138.40和203.09μg.h/mL,CL分别为0.08和0.05 L/h。结论:左旋、右旋奥硝唑在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为存在一定的差异。     

硫普罗宁肠溶胶囊的人体生物等效性研究

目的 评价健康人体内硫普罗宁肠溶胶囊(试验制剂,T)与硫普罗宁片(参比制剂,R)生物等效性.方法 18名健康志愿者按体质量随机交叉口服试验制剂硫普罗宁肠溶胶囊和参比制剂硫普罗宁片(凯西莱),剂间间隔为2周,剂量均为200mg,HPLC-MS/MS法测定血清中硫普罗宁浓度并进行相关药动学参数分析,计算相对生物利用度并进行两种制剂生物利用度的评价.结果 受试制剂和参比制剂药时曲线均符合二室开放性模型,两制剂C_(max)(μg·ml~(-1))分别为3.612±1.2393(R)和3.644±1.540(T),t_(max)为4.333±1.0853(R)和3.611±1.420(T),t1/2(h)为18.245±11.270(R)和23.403±10.500(T),AUCO-t(μg·h·ml~(-1))为18.732±6.92318(R)和18.713±6.585(T),AUC0-∞(μg·h·ml~(-1))为21.900±7.31220(R)和20.780±7.965(T).硫普罗宁肠溶胶囊与片剂比较相对生物利用度为(103.712±23.956)%.肠溶胶囊ln(AUCO-72)、ln (AUCO-∞)90%置信区间为91.1%～111.8%、96.8%～118.3%,ln(C_(max))为85.1%～113.0%.结论 硫普罗宁肠溶胶囊与硫普罗宁片剂具有生物等效性.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the bioequivalence of tiopronin enteric capsules (testing preparation, T) versus tablets (reference preparation, R). Methods A single oral dose of tiopronin enteric capsules or tablets at 200 mg was administered in 2 groups of Chinese healthy volunteers (n=9) in a randomized crossover design at the interval of 2 weeks. The plasma concentrations of tiopronin were measured by HPLC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 program. The bioequivalence between the two preparations was evaluated. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: C_(max)(μg· ml~(-1)) 3.612±1.2393 (R), 3.644±1.540 (T); t_(max)4.333±1.0853 (R), 3.611 ±1.420 (T); tl/2(h) 18.245± 11.270 (R), 23.403±10.500 (T); AUCO-t (μg·h·ml~(-1)) 18.732±6.92318 (R), 18.713±6.585 (T); AUC0-∞ (μg· h· ml~(-1)) 21.900± 7.31220 (R), 20.780±7.965 (T). The relative bioavailability of tiopronin enteric capsule was 103.712±23.956%, with 90% confidential intervals of ln(AUC0→72), ln(AUC0-∞) and ln(C_(max) of 91.1%-111.8%, 96.8%-118.3%, and 85.1%-113.0%, respectively. Conclusion The tiopronin enteric capsules were bioequivalent to the tablets.     

前列地尔对大鼠体内羟苯磺酸钙的药动学影响

目的 评价前列地尔对健康大鼠体内羟苯磺酸钙的药动学影响.方法 24只大鼠,按照体质量随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组按87.8 mg· kg-1剂量灌胃给予羟苯磺酸钙,并按11.7 μg·kg-1剂量腹腔注射前列地尔,对照组按87.8 mg· kg-1剂量灌胃给予羟苯磺酸钙;采用HPLC法测定血药质量浓度,并用DAS 2.0软件计算药动学参数.结果试验组和对照组的主要药动学参数如下:AUCo-t为(210.73±50.71)、(201.79 ±45.29)μg·h·mL-1,MRTo-x为(10.25 ±0.96)、(8.89±1.07)h,t1/2为(7.16±0.84)、(6.01 ±1.22) h,tmax为(1.58±0.29)、(2.67±0.49) h,CL为(0.40±0.10)、(0.42±0.09)L·h-1·kg-1,Cmax为(22.48 ±4.07)、(21.96±4.70) μg· mL-1.试验组的MRT0-∞、t1/2、tmax与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 前列地尔可影响大鼠体内羟苯磺酸钙的代谢.     

葛根芩连汤配伍黄芩苷在犬体内药动学研究

目的测定葛根芩连汤剂和黄芩单煎剂灌胃后犬血中黄芩苷的含量,分析配伍对其体内过程的影响。方法采用高效液相色谱法,测定不同时间点犬血浆黄芩苷的含量,WinNonlin软件计算药动学参数。结果葛根芩连汤全方及黄芩单煎剂中黄芩苷在犬体内过程均符合一室模型,主要药动学参数分别为:AUC(单)=(18.44±0.53)h·μg/ml,AUC(全)=(17.25±0.13)h·μg/ml,Tmax(单)=(8.92±0.02)h,Tmax(全)=(8.95±0.36)h,Cmax(单)=(1.01±0.03)μg/ml,Cmax(全)=(1.02±0.01)μg/ml。CL(单)=(130.47±2.5)L/h,CL(全)=(93.97±0.96)L/h。结论葛根芩连汤配伍后黄芩苷入血的Cmax、t1/2(K01)及t1/2(K10)没有明显变化,而AUC降低、清除速率减慢。     

紫花地丁中芹菜素在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的：建立 HPLC 法测定大鼠血浆中芹菜素的浓度,研究紫花地丁中芹菜素在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法以乙腈：0.2%磷酸水溶液（65：35）为流动相,血浆样品经乙酸乙酯萃取后,采用 HPLC 法测定芹菜素的血药浓度,检测波长340nm。采用 DAS3.0软件计算主要药动学参数。结果芹菜素在0.03～9.00μg/ mL 范围内线性关系良好（r =0.9992）,方法回收率为（97.36%～101.69%）,日内和日间 RSD 均〈13%。主要药动学参数 Cmax为（220.59±58.65）μg/ mL,t 1/2为（6.785±2.833）h,AUC （0-18）为（11.42±3.587）μg/（mL·h）,AUC （0-∞）为（22.84±6.572）μg/（mL·h）。结论芹菜素在大鼠体内过程符合一室模型,其药动学研究结果为紫花地丁进一步体内研究奠定了良好基础。     

厚朴中苯乙醇苷类化合物厚朴苷A的大鼠体内药动学研究

目的:建立血浆样品中厚朴苷A的测定方法,研究厚朴苷A在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法:大鼠经口服和尾静脉注射给药,以黄芩苷为内标,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中的厚朴苷A浓度。使用岛津LC-20A高效液相色谱仪,色谱柱为Agilent Zobax SB-C18(250 mm×20 mm,5μm),甲醇/水溶液梯度洗脱(0~15 min,甲醇15%~85%),流速为1 mL·min~(-1)。采用DAS 2.0软件对所得的需要浓度进行拟合,计算相应的药动学参数。结果:大鼠经口服给药200 mg·kg~(-1)、尾静脉注射给药5 mg·kg~(-1),目标物质量浓度在0.3~100μg·mL~(-1),内线性关系良好(r=0.999 6),标准曲线定量下限为0.3μg·mL~(-1);批内精密度RSD7.1%,批间精密度RSD12.4%;准确度RE3.3%~5.9%;回收率83.5%~99.0%。大鼠经口服给药的药动学参数AUC(0-t)为(15.6±7.4)mg·h/L,CL为(14.5±6.1)L·h/kg,Vd为(13.5±2.8)L/kg,t1/2为(1.16±0.8)h。大鼠尾静脉注射给药的药动学参数AUC(0-t)为(17.8±9.9)mg·h/L,CL为(0.34±0.14)L·h/kg,Vd为(0.08±0.04)L/kg,t1/2为(0.15±0.03)h。结论:该实验建立了一种简便、准确、快速地测定厚朴苷A浓度的方法,首次报道了厚朴苷A在大鼠体内的药物代谢动力学特征。     

马兜铃酸A在正常大鼠体内的药物动力学

目的　研究马兜铃酸A在正常大鼠体内的药动学。方法　建立了测定马兜铃酸A的高效液相色谱法。色谱条件为HYPERSIL C18柱 (5 μm ,4 0mm× 2 0 0mm) ,流动相为甲醇 :四氢呋喃 :0 .0 2 5mol/LKH2 PO4(pH =3.8) (4 4 :6 :5 0 ) ,流速为 1mL/min ,检测波长为 315nm。SD大鼠 8只 ,分成 2组 ,分别静脉注射马兜铃酸A溶液 0 .2 5mg/kg、2 .5mg/kg ,测定不同时间的血药浓度。用 3p97药动学程序对血药浓度 时间数据进行拟合。结果　大鼠静注马兜铃酸A后 ,其主要的药动学参数为 :低剂量组VC(0 .0 13± 0 .0 0 4 )L ,CLs(0 .2 0 6±0 .132 )L/h ,T1/ 2α(2 .5± 0 .8)min ,T1/ 2 β(10 .9± 2 .5 )min ,曲线下面积AUC(5 4 .0± 12 .8)min·μg/mL ;高剂量组VC(0 .0 14± 0 .0 0 2 )L ,CLs(0 .0 88± 0 .0 2 3)L/h ,T1/ 2α(3.9± 0 .3)min ,T1/ 2 β(2 4 .3± 5 .9)min ,曲线下面积AUC(4 2 0 .1± 74 .2 )min·μg/mL。 结论　马兜铃酸A在大鼠体内呈二室开放模型 ,进入体内分布迅速 ,同时自血浆中代谢消除也较快 ,T1/ 2 β随着剂量的增加明显延长 ,AUC与剂量不成比例 ,具有非线性动力学性质     

盐酸纳美芬注射液药代动力学

目的:研究健康受试者接受单剂量和多剂量注射国产盐酸纳美芬后的人体药代动力学.方法:30名志愿者按照随机原则分为3组,每组分别静脉推注0.5、1、2mg盐酸纳美芬注射液,采用LC-MS/MS以纳络酮为内标测定其血浆和尿药物浓度.用3P87软件进行数据处理,求出药代动力学参数.结果:其Cmax分别为(1.74±0.48)μg/L、(4.17±1.08)μg/L、(7.88±2.89)μg/L,t1/2β分别为(12.83±3.98)h、(12.6±6.4)h、(10.58±3.74)h,V分别为(3.45±0.16)L/kg、(4.11±0.0716)L/kg)、( 4.25±0.56)L/kg;CL分别为(0.81±0.11)L/(h·kg)、(0.85±0.15)L/(h·kg)、(0.87±0.11)L/(h·kg);AUC0-∞分别0为(21.62±9.34)(ng/L)*h、(24.89±8.52)(ng/L)*h、(35±11.2)ng/L*h;尿药累计排泄率分别为(78±21)%、(71±29)%、(78±19)%.结论:国产注射用盐酸纳美芬在健康人体内的药代动力学符合二房室模型特征.在静脉推注0.5～2.0 mg剂量范围内药物体内过程呈线性动力学特征.     

吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统的大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 研究吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统(IDM-SMEDDS)在大鼠体内的药动学特征.方法 大鼠灌胃给予IDM-SMEDDS(给药剂量按IDM计为8.0 mg/kg),采用HPLC法测定IDM在大鼠血浆中的药物浓度,以IDM原料药制备混悬液作为参比,绘制两者血药浓度-时间曲线,DAS Ver2.0药动学软件计算药动学参数.结果 IDM-SMEDDS的药动学过程符合二室模型,权重因子为1/C2,IDM混悬液的药动学过程符合一室模型,权重因子为1/C2;大鼠口服IDM-SMEDDS的Cmax为42.56 μg/mL、Tmax为1h、AUC0-48h为814.25(μg·h)/mL,口服IDM混悬液的Cmax为9.72 μg/mL、Tmax为6h、AUC0-48 h为134.57(μg·h)/mL.结论 自微乳化给药系统可以提高吲哚美辛的口服生物利用度.     

吴茱萸碱羟丙基-β-环糊精分子包合物的药代动力学

目的比较吴茱萸碱分子包合物与吴茱萸碱在大鼠体内药代动力学行为和特征。方法制备吴茱萸碱分子包合物,以吴 茱萸碱为对照,检测二者在水中的溶解度及体外累计释放百分率;大鼠尾静脉给予吴茱萸碱包合物以及游离吴茱萸碱后,HPLC 法测定血浆中吴茱萸碱的浓度。用DAS 2.1.1软件计算药动学参数及生物利用度。结果吴茱萸碱包合物在水中的溶解度约 为18 μg/mL、累计释放百分率约为80%,与游离吴茱萸碱相比都有很大的提高。吴茱萸碱包合物和游离吴茱萸碱在大鼠体内的 Cmax分别为252.5±12.43 μg/L和161.3±3.45 μg/L;Tmax分别为4.00 h和4.07 h;MRT0-∞分别为8.46±0.91 h和4.43±0.74 h;AUC0-t分 别为2266.40±28.64 μg·L-1·h-1和911.92±8.53 μg·L-1·h-1;AUC0-∞分别为2359.76±31.58 μg·L-1·h-1和919.16±9.73 μg·L-1·h-1;吴茱 萸碱包合物相对生物利用度256.73%。结论吴茱萸碱包合物明显改善了药物的药代动力学行为,提高了药物的生物利用度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.