基于BP神经网络的人脸识别系统研究

本文设计了一种基于BP神经网络的人脸识别系统,并对其进行了性能分析.该系统首先利用离散小波变换获取包含人脸图像大部分原始信息的低频分量,对图像数据进行降维;再由PCA算法对人脸图像进行主成分特征提取,进一步降低图像数据的处理量;最后使用经过训练后的BP神经网络对待测人脸进行分类识别.详细介绍了离散小波变换、PCA特征提取以及BP神经网络分类设计.通过系统仿真实验与分析发现:人脸特征的提取是该系统的关键;同时,由于人脸灰度信息的统计特征与有监督训练BP神经网络分类器,使该系统只在固定类别,并且光照均匀的人脸识别应用场景中具有较高的识别准确率.因此,很难在复杂环境中应用.     

基于网络摄像头的活体人脸识别系统设计

针对当前监控系统平台体积大、功能单一、造价高等问题,文中基于海思3518E平台设计了一套在线活体人脸识别系统。该系统包含图像预处理、图像获取、人脸检测、人脸活体检测、人脸识别共5个部分,并针对传统算法在嵌入式平台的不足进行了改进与优化。系统通过摄像头采集的人脸图像对图像做预处理,为后续图像特征提取提供保障,利用扩展Haar特征训练分类器,并使用Adaboost算法级联分类器进行人脸检测,将检测到的人脸利用HSV和Ycbcr多色彩空间下提取的COALBP和LPQ融合特征训练SVM模型,并进行活体人脸检测。最后,对人脸图像分块提取LBP特征进行人脸识别,将识别结果通过微信小程序显示。实验结果表明,基于海思网络摄像头人脸识别系统的可行性,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于离散余弦变换的人脸识别方法

人脸图像的庞大信息量使其不适合于直接识别。提出用离散余弦变换处理人脸原始图像,得到降维的特征矢量,并结合前馈神经网络对人脸进行分类识别。通过对ORL人脸库多幅人脸图像的仿真实验表明,系统的识别率较高,且训练时间大大降低,是一种高效的识别方法。     

基于EHMM结合DWT与DCT的人脸识别

人脸识别系统可分为人脸检测,图像特征提取,人脸训练和人脸识别等部分,其中图像特征提取与人脸训练为主要组成部分,决定着系统的识别速度与准确性。人脸训练可为给定某人建立嵌入式隐马尔可夫模型来作为进行人脸图像识别的分类标准。人脸图像特征提取则运用离散小波分析来减少图像数据量,然后计算DCT变换系数矩阵,从而取得模型训练和识别中所需的图像特征。     

考虑光照鲁棒性的超分辨率人脸识别系统设计

为保障不同光照下低分辨率人脸的超分辨率识别精度与效率,设计了考虑光照鲁棒性的超分辨率人脸识别系统。通过包含DSP单元与ARM单元的控制器模块,驱动人脸视频采集模块。采集不同复杂光照的人脸视频信息并解析成视频帧后,预估视频帧序列的位移情况,恢复视频帧序列的超分辨率,融合超分辨率视频帧构成人脸图像样本。利用人脸特征提取模块补偿全部人脸图像样本复杂光照,并提取其LBP特征构成人脸库。通过人脸识别模块匹配人脸图像的LBP特征与人脸库,识别出超分辨率人脸图像。结果表明,该系统的光照鲁棒性人脸图像采集与人脸图像LBP特征提取两部分的实现效果均较好。可有效识别出背光、强光及弱光下的超分辨率人脸,识别效率较高,识别成功率能够达到96.7%,为光照鲁棒性人脸识别提供保障。     

基于小波分析与神经网络的人脸检测方法

本文设计了一种结合小波分析与神经网络优点的人脸检测方法.该方法主要包括两个阶段.在训练阶段首先借鉴图形学中的背景生成方法对AR人脸数据库中的人脸样本进行背景叠加;然后对经过预处理的训练样本进行小波分解,并将得到的小波系数输入精心设计的神经网络进行训练.在人脸检测阶段,通过将缩放后的图像的各个区域输入神经网络,由神经网络判断输入区域中是否包含人脸:在得到检测结果后,本文通过基于规则的方法以及基于SUSAN的方法进行人脸区域验证取舍与合并;最后通过实验结果的分析比较可以发现本文的方法不仅可以实现人脸区域的快速检测,而且不受光照变化以及噪声的影响.     

表情识别技术在铁路售票窗口中的应用

针对铁路窗口售票服务质量的问题,提出一种售票窗口服务质量的表情识别监测系统.该系统通过售票窗口外侧的摄像头检测到人脸图像时,表情监测系统每隔一定的时间就会通过安装在售票窗口内的摄像头获取监控范围内的帧图像信息,由表情识别监测系统对图像进行处理和识别,将识别后的结果进行数据统计.基于表情识别技术的监测系统在铁路售票窗口的应用,不仅能够提高售票员的服务质量,也能够让旅客在购票的过程中体验到舒适感.     

基于ICA与BP神经网络相结合的人脸识别研究

提出了独立成分分析和BP神经网络相结合的人脸识别方法。首先对人脸图像进行小渡分解。提取人脸图像的低频子带图像，然后用被立成分分析方法对低频子带图像进行特征提取，并用改进的BP神经网络时所提取的人脸特征进行分类识别。在AR人脸图像库中进行的实验表明，此方法取得了较高的识别率。     

彩色序列图像的人脸检测和识别系统

文中实现了彩色序列图像的人脸检测和识别的系统.所用到的关键性技术是肤色运动分析、主成分分析(PCA)和支撑向量机(SVM).首先根据彩色序列图像中人脸的色度特性、运动特性、几何特性和灰度分布特性完成人脸的检测工作;其次通过人脸模式之间的相关性进行主成分分析,提取并且选择特征,将所选择的特征训练SVM,最后用已经训练好的SVM完成对人脸的识别任务.系统算法结构遵循以下原则:先使用运算量少的简单方法尽可能减少搜索空间,然后在已经大大减少的空间中再用复杂方法处理,可以在保持高的检测和识别率的同时,提高系统响应速度.     

一种基于多级梯度能量特征的DCT 压缩域人脸检测算法

压缩域人脸检测在图像/视频信息处理中具有重要意义.本文提出了一种基于多级梯度能量特征的DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform)压缩域人脸检测算法.依据DCT压缩图像色差信号的直流系数进行肤色分割,减小检测范围.在分割为肤色的区域提取多级梯度能量特征,即利用不同大小的检测窗口提取归一化的特征向量,表示不同大小的人脸.特征向量输入到级联分类器中分类,确定是否表示人脸.级联分类器由若干简单分类器和一个神经网络分类器构成.简单分类器利用一些先验知识排除大部分明显不是人脸的特征向量,通过简单分类器的特征由神经网络最终确定是否表示人脸.多级梯度能量特征与DCT域图像缩放相结合实现了对不同大小人脸的快速检测.对多级梯度能量特征的定义,减少了检测算法中压缩域图像缩放的次数,从而大幅度减少了计算复杂度,提高了检测速度.实验结果表明提出的多级梯度能量特征可有效描述DCT域人脸模式,同时也证明了该算法的快速有效性.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.