Incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer in China, 2011

Objective

Laryngeal cancer is the common cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. We aimed to use the national cancer registration data in 2011 to estimate the incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer within China.

Methods

Comparable, high-quality data from 177 population-based cancer registries were qualified for analysis. The pooled data were stratified by area, sex and age group. National new cases and deaths of laryngeal cancer were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2010. All incidence and death rates were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi’s population, which were expressed per 100,000 populations.

Results

All 177 cancer registries covered a total of 175,310,169 population (98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas), accounting for 13.01% of the national population. The data quality indicators of proportion of morphological verification (MV%), percentage of cancer cases identified with death certification only (DCO%) and mortality to incidence ratio (M/I) were 77.98%, 2.62% and 0.55, respectively. Estimated 20,875 new cases of laryngeal cancer were diagnosed and 11,488 deaths from laryngeal cancer occurred in China in 2011. The crude incidence rate of laryngeal cancer was 1.55/100,000 (2.69/100,000 in males and 0.35/100,000 in females). Age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 1.13/100,000 and 1.14/100,000, respectively. Laryngeal cancer is much rarer in females than in males. The incidence rate was higher in urban areas than that in rural areas. The crude mortality rate of laryngeal cancer was 0.85/100,000 (1.42/100,000 in males and 0.25/100,000 in females). Age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were both 0.61/100,000. The mortality rate in males was much higher than that in females. There was no definite difference in mortality rates of laryngeal cancer between urban and rural areas.

Conclusions

Larynx is a specialized area and cancer of larynx significantly affects the quality of life for the patients. Comprehensive measures should be carried out to prevent the ascent of laryngeal cancer.     

Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality patterns in China, 2011

Objective

The National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) collected population-based cancer registration data in 2011 from all cancer registries in China. The incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were compiled and pancreatic cancer incident new cases and deaths were estimated.

Methods

A total of 234 cancer registries submitted cancer data to NCCR. Data from 177 cancer registries were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. Pancreatic cancer cases were extracted and analyzed from the national database. The pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender and age group (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…85+). Pancreatic cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2010. The national census in 2000 and Segi’s population were used for age-standardized rates.

Results

All 177 cancer registries (77 in urban and 100 in rural areas) covered 175,310,169 populations (98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas). The morphology verified pancreatic cancer cases (MV%) accounting for 40.52% and 4.33% of pancreatic cancer incident cases were identified through death certifications only (DCO%) with mortality to incidence ratio (M/I) of 0.91. The estimated number of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer cases and deaths were 80,344 and 72,723 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence rate was 5.96/100,000 (males 6.57/100,000, females 5.32/100,000). The age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 4.27/100,000 and 4.23/100,000 respectively, ranking 10^th among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer incidence rate and ASIRC were 7.03/100,000 and 4.94/100,000 in urban areas whereas they were 4.84/100,000 and 3.56/100,000 in rural areas. The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer of 33 cancer registries increased from 3.24/100,000 in 2003 to 3.59/100,000 in 2011 with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.44. The pancreatic cancer mortality rate was 5.40/100,000 (males 5.88/100,000, females 4.89/100,000), ranking 6^th among all cancers. The age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 3.81/100 000 and 3.79/100 000. The pancreatic cancer mortality and ASMRC were 6.47/100,000 and 4.48/100,000 in urban areas, and 4.27/100,000 and 3.08/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The mortality rates of pancreatic cancer showed an approximately 1.14-fold increase, from 2.85/100,000 in 2003 to 3.26/100,000 in 2011, with an APC of 1.68.

Conclusions

The burden of pancreatic cancer is increasing in China. Identification of high-risk population and adequate treatment and prevention are important.     

Annual report on status of cancer in China,2010简

Objective：Population-based cancer registration data in 2010 were collected,evaluated and analyzed by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China.Cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods：There wvere 219 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and death data in 2010.All data were checked and evaluated on basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR.Total 145 registries＇ data were qualified and accepted for cancer statistics in 2010.Pooled data were stratified by urban/rural,area,sex,age group and cancer site.Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population.The top ten common cancers in different groups,proportion and cumulative rate were also calculated.Chinese census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/ mortality rates.Results：All 145 cancer registries （63 in urban and 82 in rural） covered a total of 158,403,248 population （92,433,739 in urban and 65,969,509 in rural areas）.The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010,respectively.The morphology verified cases （MV％） accounted for 67.11％ and 2.99％ of incident cases were identified through death certifications only （DCO％） with mortality to incidence ratio （M/I） of 0.61.The crude incidence rate was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males,200.21/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） of 21.l 1％.The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.41/100,000 and 187.53/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas,they were 213.71/100,000 and 181.10/100,000,respectively.The crude cancer mortality in China was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000,and the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was 12.78％.The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 156.14/100,000 and 109.21/100,000 in urban areas,whereas in rural areas,they were 141.35/100,000 and 119.00/100,000 respectively.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,pancreas cancer,encephaloma,lymphoma,female breast cancer and cervical cancer,were the most common cancers,accounting for 75％ of all cancer cases in urban and rural areas.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,breast cancer,encephaloma,leukemia and lymphoma accounted for 80％ of all cancer deaths.Conclusions：The coverage of cancer registration population had a rapid increase and could reflect cancer burden in each area and population.As the basis of cancer control program,cancer registry plays an irreplaceable role in cancer epidemic surveillance,evaluation of cancer control programs and making anticancer strategy.China is facing serious cancer burden and prevention and control should be enhanced.     

National cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2012

Background

Population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from all available cancer registries were collected by the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR). NCCR estimated the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in China with compiled cancer incidence and mortality rates.

Methods

In 2015, there were 261 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2012. All the data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality. Qualified data from 193 registries were used for cancer statistics analysis as national estimation. The pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender, age group [0, 1–4, 5–9, 10–14, …, 85+] and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding national population in 2012. The Chinese census data in 2000 and Segi’s population were applied for age-standardized rates. All the rates were expressed per 100,000 person-year.

Results

Qualified 193 cancer registries (74 urban and 119 rural registries) covered 198,060,406 populations (100,450,109 in urban and 97,610,297 in rural areas). The percentage of cases morphologically verified (MV%) and death certificate-only cases (DCO%) were 69.13% and 2.38%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence rate ratio (M/I) was 0.62. A total of 3,586,200 new cancer cases and 2,186,600 cancer deaths were estimated in China in 2012. The incidence rate was 264.85/100,000 (289.30/100,000 in males, 239.15/100,000 in females), the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 191.89/100,000 and 187.83/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate (0–74 age years old) of 21.82%. The cancer incidence, ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas were 277.17/100,000, 195.56/100,000 and 190.88/100,000 compared to 251.20/100,000, 187.10/100,000 and 183.91/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 161.49/100,000 (198.99/100,000 in males, 122.06/100,000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 112.34/100,000 and 111.25/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate (0–74 years old) was 12.61%. The cancer mortality, ASMRC and ASMRW were 159.00/100,000, 107.231/100,000 and 106.13/100,000 in urban areas, 164.24/100,000, 118.22/100,000 and 117.06/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Cancers of lung, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, female breast, thyroid cervix, brain tumor and pancreas were the most common cancers, accounting for about 77.4% of all cancer new cases. Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, female breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 84.5% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum showed difference between urban and rural, males and females both in incidence and mortality rates.

Conclusions

Cancer surveillance information in China is making great progress with the increasing number of cancer registries, population coverage and the improving data quality. Cancer registration plays a fundamental role in cancer control by providing basic information on population-based cancer incidence, mortality, survival and time trend. The disease burden of cancer is serious in China, so that, cancer prevention and control, including health education, health promotion, cancer screening and cancer care services in China, should be enhanced.     

Annual report on status of cancer in China, 2011

Objective: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) collected population-based cancer registration data in 2011 from all cancer registries. National cancer incidence and mortality were compiled and cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2011. All datasets were checked and evaluated based on the criteria of data quality from NCCR. Total 177 registries’ data were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratified by area(urban/rural), gender, age group(0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…85+) and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2011. All incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi’s population expressed per 100,000 persons.Results: All 177 cancer registries(77 in urban and 100 in rural areas) covered 175,310,169 populations(98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas). The morphology verified cases(MV%) accounting for 70.14% and 2.44% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only(DCO%) with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.63. The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The incidence rate was 250.28/100,000(males 277.77/100,000, females 221.37/100,000), and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were 186.34/100,000 and 182.76/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate(0-74 years old) of 21.20%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC in urban areas were 261.38/100,000 and 189.89/100,000 compared to 238.60/100,000 and 182.10/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 156.83/100,000(194.88/100,000 in males and 116.81/100,000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASMRC) and by world standard population(ASMRW) were 112.88/100,000 and 111.82/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate(0-74 years old) was 12.69%. The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 154.37/100,000 and 108.20/100,000 in urban areas, and 159.42/100,000 and 117.97/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Cancers of lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colon and rectum, esophageal, cervix, uterus, prostate and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for about 75% of all cancer new cases. Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain tumor, cervical cancer and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer incidence, mortality and spectrum showed difference between urban and rural areas, males and females.Conclusions: The coverage of cancer registration population had a greater increase than that in the last year. The data quality and representativeness are gradually improved. As the basic work of cancer prevention and control, cancer registry is playing an irreplaceable role. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department has to take effective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China.     

Ovary cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2011

Objective

To evaluate and analyze ovary cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 using ovary cancer data from population-based cancer registration in China, and to provide scientific information for its control and prevention.

Methods

Invasive cases of ovary cancer were extracted and analyzed from the overall Chinese cancer database in 2011, which were based on data from 177 population-based cancer registries distributing in 28 provinces. The crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities et al. were calculated and new and deaths cases from ovary cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2011 were estimated using Chinese practical population.

Results

The estimates of new ovary cancer cases and deaths were 45,223 and 18,430, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence rate, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population (ASR-C) and age-standardized rate by world standard population (ASR-W) incidence were 6.89/100,000, 5.35/100,000 and 5.08/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR-C and ASR-W mortalities were 2.81/100,000, 2.01/100,000 and 1.99/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality increased rapidly from age 35-39 and peaked at age 60-64 or 75-79 years. After age 45 or 55, the age-specific incidence and death rates in urban were much higher than those in rural areas.

Conclusions

Compared with GLOBOCAN 2012 data, the ovary cancer incidence in China in 2011 was at middle level, but its mortality was at low level worldwide.     

Population-based cancer incidence analysis in Beijing, 2008-2012

Objective: To analyze the incidence of cancer during 2008-2012 in Beijing, China, and compare the cancer spectrum with that during 1998-1999.Methods: Data from the Beijing Cancer Registry(BCR), which covered 12 million residents and 16 administrative regions in Beijing, were checked and evaluated on basis of the criteria of data quality from the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China. Incidences were calculated stratified by cancer type, sex, areas(urban/rural), and age. The Chinese census population in 1982 and the world Segi’s population were used for calculating the age-standardized incidences.Results: A total of 177,101 new cancer cases were diagnosed in Beijing between 2008 and 2012. The crude incidence rate(CR) of all cancers was 282.64/100,000(290.71/100,000 in males and 274.45/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population(ASR-China) and by world standard population(ASR-world) were 124.46/100,000 and 161.18/100,000, respectively. Female breast cancer was the most common cancer, followed by lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer, with the CR of 59.87/100,000, 59.21/100,000, 32.49/100,000, 19.81/100,000 and 17.96/100,000, respectively. In urban areas, female breast cancer(68.50/100,000) was still the most common cancer, followed by lung cancer(61.23/100,000), colorectal cancer(37.23/100,000), prostate cancer(20.49/100,000) and stomach cancer(20.07/100,000). In rural areas, lung cancer(55.94/100,000) was the most common cancer, followed by female breast cancer(45.87/100,000), colorectal cancer(24.77/100,000), liver cancer(20.68/100,000) and stomach cancer(14.52/100,000). Great changes of the cancer spectrum were found from the period of 1998-1999 to the period of 2011-2012 in Beijing.Conclusions: The cancer burden in Beijing was heavier than the national average level. Cancer prevention and control strategies, especially for lung, colorectal, prostate and female thyroid cancers, should be enhanced.     

Incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer has decreased during past 40 years in Hebei Province,China

Background

Hebei province is located in North of China with of approximately 6% of whole national population. It is known as a high-risk area for esophageal cancer in China and worldwide. The aim of our study was to estimate the esophageal cancer burden and trend in Hebei Province.

Methods

Eight cancer registries in Hebei Province submitted cancer registry data to the Hebei Provincial Cancer Registry Center. All data were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratified by gender and age group (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…80+). Incidence and mortality rates were age-standardized to World Segi’s population standard and expressed per 100,000 persons. In addition, proportions and cumulative incidence/mortality rates for esophageal cancer were calculated. Esophageal cancer mortality data during the periods 1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005 were extracted from the national death surveys. Mortality and incidence rate data from Cixian and Shexian were obtained from population-based cancer registries in each county.

Results

The estimated number of newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases and deaths in 2011 in Hebei Province was 24,318 and 18,226, respectively. The crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer was 33.37/100,000 (males, 42.18/100,000 and females, 24.31/100,000). The age-standardized rate by world standard population (ASRW) was 28.09/100,000, ranking third among all cancers. The esophageal cancer mortality rate was 25.01/100,000 (males, 31.40/100,000 and females, 18.45/100,000), ranking third in deaths among all cancers. The mortality rates of esophageal cancer displayed a significant decreasing trend in Hebei Province from 1973-1975 (ASRW =48.69/100,000) to 2004-2005 (ASRW =28.02/100,000), with a decreased rate of 42.45%. In Cixian, the incidence of esophageal cancer decreased from 250.76/100,000 to 106.74/100,000 in males and from 153.86/100,000 to 75.41/100,000 in females, with annual percentage changes (APC) of 2.13 and 2.16, while the mortality rates declined with an APC of 2.46 for males and 3.10 for females from 1988 to 2011. In Shexian, the incidence rate decreased from 116.90/100,000 to 74.12/100,000 in males and from 46.98/100,000 to 40.64/100,000 in females, while the mortality rates declined, with an APC of 4.89 in males from 2003 to 2011.

Conclusions

Although the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer remain high, an obvious decreasing trend has been observed in Hebei Province, as well as in high-risk regions, such as Cixian and Shexian, over the past 40 years.     

2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤流行情况分析

目的 分析2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤流行状况。方法 收集2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区(35个县区)上报的恶性肿瘤发病与死亡资料,计算发病与死亡粗率、标化率、累积率(0~74岁)和年龄别率等,标化率使用Segi's世界标准人口年龄构成和2000年中国人口年龄构成为标准进行计算。结果 2016年辽宁省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率为383.54/10万,世标率为200.06/10万,中标率为204.44/10万,城市地区发病中标率(201.40/10万)高于农村地区(186.43/10万);40-岁及以上各年龄组发病率快速升高,在80-岁组达到峰值;35-岁以上各年龄组城市男性和女性恶性肿瘤发病率分别高于农村男性和女性;肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌是辽宁省发病最高的恶性肿瘤。2016年恶性肿瘤死亡率为249.79/10万,世标率为123.00/10万,中标率为124.32/10万,城市地区死亡中标率(121.93/10万)低于农村地区(131.03/10万)。恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率峰值在80-岁组。20~79岁男性各年龄组死亡率均为农村高于城市,55~79岁女性各年龄组死亡率均为农村高于城市。肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌是辽宁省死亡率最高的肿瘤。结论 辽宁省恶性肿瘤发病和死亡均高于全国水平,总发病率和死亡率均为男性高于女性,城市发病率高于农村,农村死亡率高于城市,城乡居民恶性肿瘤负担差异明显。     

Pancreatic Cancer Incidence and Mortality Patterns in China, 2009

Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer in China. Methods: Afterchecking and reviewing the cancer registry data in 2009 from 72 cancer registry centers, we divided cancerregistry areas into urban and rural areas. Incidence/mortality rates, age-specific incidence/mortality rates, agestandardizedincidence/mortality rates, proportions, and cumulative incidence/mortality rates for pancreaticcancer were calculated. Results: The total number of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer cases and deaths in 2009were 6,220 and 5,650, respectively. The crude incidence rate in all cancer registry areas was 7.28/100,000 (males8.24, females 6.29). The age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASR) was 3.35/100,000,with ranking at 7th among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer incidence rate was 8.19/100,000 in urban areas whereasit was 5.41/100 000 in rural areas. Cancer mortality rate in all cancer registry areas was 6.61/100,000 (males7.45; females 5.75), with ranking at 6th among all cancers, and 7.42/100 000 in urban but 4.94/100000 in ruralareas. Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates have shown a gradual increase in China.Owing to the difficulty of early diagnosis, identification of high-risk population and modification of risk factorsare important to reduce the burden of pancreatic cancer.     

2014年广西肿瘤登记地区结直肠肛门癌发病和死亡分析

目的  分析2014年广西结直肠肛门癌发病和死亡情况。方法  按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准评估广西肿瘤登记地区上报的2014年肿瘤登记数据,将9个入选的肿瘤登记地区的肿瘤发病、死亡和人口数据进行汇总,按地区（城乡）、性别、年龄别分层,计算结直肠肛门癌的发病率、死亡率、构成比和截缩率等。人口标准化率根据2000年全国人口普查结构和Segis′s世界人口结构。结果  2014年广西纳入分析的9个肿瘤登记地区结直肠肛门癌新发病例为1 716例（其中男性1 039例,女性677例）,发病率为24.74/10万,中标率为19.68 /10万,世标率为19.37/10万,男性发病率高于女性（28.73% vs 20.40%,χ²=48.433,P<0.001）;城市地区发病率为36.19/10万,中标率为27.45/10万;农村地区发病率为19.24/10万,中标率为16.07/10万。结直肠肛门癌死亡病例827例（其中男性518例,女性309例）,死亡率为11.93/10万,中标率为9.06/10万,世标率为9.00 /10万,男性死亡率高于女性（14.32% vs 9.31%,χ²=36.400,P<0.001）;城市地区死亡率为17.63/10万,中标率为13.21/10万;农村地区死亡率为9.18/10万,中标率为7.13/10万。结论  广西肿瘤登记地区结直肠肛门癌发病和死亡例数男性均高于女性,城市地区高于农村地区,45岁以上的中老年人群尤其是城市地区男性人群是重点开展肿瘤防治工作的对象。     

Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China, 2010

Background: The National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCR) affiliated to the Bureau of DiseaseControl, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China is responsible for cancer surveillancein the entire country. Cancer registration data from each local registry located in each province are collectedby NCCR annually to be analyzed and published to provide useful information for policy makers and cancerresearchers. Materials and Methods: Until 1st June, 2013, 219 population-based cancer registries submitteddata of 2010 to the National Central Cancer Registry of China covering about 207,229,403 population, and 145cancer registries were selected after quality evaluation for this study. Colorectal cancer cases were selected fromthe database according to ICD-10 coded as “C18-C20”. We calculated the crude incidence and mortality ratesby sex, age groups and location (urban/rural). The China population in 2000 and Segi’s population were usedas standardized populations for the calculation of age-standardized rates. The 6th National Population Censusdata of China was used to combined with the cancer registries’ data to estimate the colorectal cancer burden inChina in 2010. Results: Colorectal cancer was the sixth most common cancer in China. It was estimated that therewere 274,841 new cases diagnosed in 2010 (157,355 in males and 117,486 in females), with the crude incidencerate of 20.1/100,000, highest in males in urban areas. Age-standardized rates by China standard population of2000 (ASRcn) and World standard population (Segi’s population, ASRwld) for incidence were 16.1/100,000 and15.9/100,000 respectively. There were 132,110 cases estimated to have died from colorectal cancer in China in2010 (76,646 men and 55,464 women) with the crude mortality rate of 10.1/100,000. The ASRcn and ASRwldfor mortality were 7.55/100,000 and 7.44/100,000 respectively, higher in males and urban areas than in femalesand rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates increased with age, reaching peaksin the 80-84 year old, andoldest age groups, respectively. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common incident cancers andcause of cancer death in China. Primary and secondary prevention, with attention to a health lifestyle, physicalactivity and screening should be enhanced in the general population.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence and mortality in China in 2009

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare global y but common in China and exhibits a distinct ethnic and geographic distribution. In 2009, the National Central Cancer Registry in China provided real-time...     

Increasing Disparity in Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among African Americans and Whites: A State's Experience

Objectives

To measure disparities between African Americans and whites in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates between 1995-2006 in Wisconsin.

Methods

Cancer incidence data were obtained from the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System. Cancer mortality data were accessed from the SEER. Trends in incidence and mortality rates were calculated and changes in relative disparity were measured using rate ratios.

Results

The relative disparity in incidence grew from 1.0 in 1995 and 1.3 in 2006. The relative disparity in death rates for African Americans widened as well, from 1.2 to 1.5.

Conclusion

A persistent and widening colorectal cancer racial disparity exists.     

Liver cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2009

Liver cancer is a common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in China. To aid the government in establishing a control plan for this disease, we provided real-time surveillance information by analyzing liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2009 reported by the National Central Cancer Registry. Liver cancer incidence and cases of death were retrieved from the national database using the ICD-10 topography code "C22". Crude incidence and mortality were calculated and stratified by sex, age, and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi (world) population structures were used for age-standardized rates. In cancer registration areas in 2009, the crude incidence of liver cancer was 28.71/100,000, making it the fourth most common cancer in China, third most common in males, and fifth most common in females. The crude mortality of liver cancer was 26.04/100,000, making it the second leading cause of cancer death in China and urban areas and the third leading cause in rural areas. Incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females and were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality were relatively low among age groups under 30 years but dramatically increased and peaked in the 80 -84 years old group. These findings confirm that liver cancer is a common and fatal cancer in China. Primary and secondary prevention such as health education, hepatitis B virus vaccination, and early detection should be carried out both in males and females, in urban and rural areas.     

山西省肿瘤登记地区2016年上消化道癌发病与死亡情况分析

目的 分析山西省肿瘤登记地区2016年上消化道癌的发病与死亡情况,为上消化道癌的预防和控制提供依据。方法 整理山西省2016年12个肿瘤登记地区上报的肿瘤登记数据,按城乡、性别进行分层,分别计算其发病例数、死亡例数、发病粗率、死亡粗率、累积率(0~74岁)、年龄别发病率、年龄别死亡率,计算中国人口标准化率(中标率),世界人口标准化率(世标率)等指标。标准人口采用2000年中国普查标准人口构成和Segi′s世界标准人口构成。结果 山西省肿瘤登记地区2016年上消化道癌新发病例2 940例,死亡病例2 135例。上消化道癌发病粗率为60.13/10万(男性80.53/10万,女性38.97/10万,城市地区39.38/10万,农村地区74.17/10万),中标率41.91/10万,世标率42.97/10万,累积率(0~74岁)为5.61/10万;死亡粗率为43.67/10万(男性58.56/10万,女性28.21/10万,城市地区31.67/10万,农村地区51.78/10万),中标率29.94/10万,世标率30.52/10万,累积率(0~74岁)为3.62/10万;总体上,农村地区上消化道癌的发病率和死亡率高于城市地区;男性上消化道癌的发病率和死亡率高于女性;40-岁年龄组以后,上消化道癌发病率呈上升趋势,城市地区发病率在80-岁年龄组达到高峰,农村地区在65-岁年龄组达到高峰;上消化道癌死亡率在45-岁年龄组之前处于较低水平,而后随着年龄的增加而逐渐上升,并在85+岁年龄组达到峰值。结论 上消化道癌是威胁山西省居民健康最常见的恶性肿瘤,男性人群、农村地区人群及中老年群体是我省癌症防控的重点,应根据城乡及性别差异,有针对性地开展上消化道肿瘤防治工作。     

Report of incidence and mortality in China Cancer Registries, 2008

Objective: Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods: There were 56 registries submitted their data in 2008. After checking and evaluating the data quality, total 41 registries’ data were accepted and pooled for analysis. Incidence and mortality rates by area (urban or rural areas) were assessed, as well as the age‐ and sex‐specific rates, age‐standardized rates, proportions and cumulative rate. Results: The coverage population of the 41 registries was 66,138,784 with 52,158,495 in urban areas and 13,980,289 in rural areas. There were 197,833 new cancer cases and 122,136 deaths in cancer with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62. The morphological verified rate was 69.33%, and 2.23% of cases were identified by death certificate only. The crude cancer incidence rate in all areas was 299.12/100,000 (330.16/100,000 in male and 267.56/100,000 in female) and the age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and world standard population (ASIRW) were 148.75/100,000 and 194.99/100,000, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate (0-74 years old) was of 22.27%. The crude incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. However, after adjusted by age, the incidence rate in urban was lower than that in rural. The crude cancer mortality was 184.67/100,000 (228.14/100,000 in male and 140.48/100,000 in female), and the age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world population were 84.36/100,000 and 114.32/100,000, respectively. The cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) was of 12.89%. Age‐adjusted mortality rates in urban areas were lower than that in rural areas. The most common cancer sites were lung, stomach, colon‐rectum, liver, esophagus, pancreas, brain, lymphoma, breast and cervix which accounted for 75% of all cancer incidence. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer, which accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum varied by areas and sex in rural areas, cancers from digestive system were more common, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, while incidence rates of lung cancer and colorectal cancer were much higher in urban areas. In addition, breast cancer was the most common cancer in urban women followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and female breast cancer contributed to the increased incidence of cancer, which should be paid more attention to in further national cancer prevention and control program. Different cancer control strategies should be carried out due to the varied cancer spectrum in different groups.     

The incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2010

To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 people （92,433,739 in urban areas and 65,969,509 in rural areas）. The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of morphologically verified cases were 67.11%; 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certification only, with the mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The crude incidence was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males and 200.21/100,000 in females）. The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population （ASR China） and by world standard population （ASR world） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence （0-74 years old） of 21.11%. The crude cancer mortality was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）. The ASR China and ASR world were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative mortality of 12.78%. Lung, breast, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal, and cervical cancers were the most common cancers. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers were the leading causes of cancer deaths. The coverage of cancer registration has rapidly increased in China in recent years and may reflect more accurate cancer burdens among populations living in different areas. Given the increasing cancer burden in the past decades, China should strengthen its cancer prevention and control.     

2016年海南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 对2016年海南省肿瘤登记地区的癌症发病率和死亡率进行分析,为癌症的预防和控制提供了基础依据。方法 通过中国肿瘤登记平台收集符合质量控制要求的6个肿瘤登记地区发病死亡数据及人口数据。按城乡、性别、年龄别划分,分别计算发病(死亡)率、中标率、世标率、构成比、0~74岁累积发病(死亡)率和前10位癌症发病死亡情况。结果 2016年海南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤新发病例数为5 569例,发病率为269.64/10万(男性313.59/10万,女性221.11/10万),中标率为227.27/10万,世标率为221.26/10万,0~74岁累积发病率为25.54%。发病率最高的癌症是肝癌,其次为肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌。恶性肿瘤死亡病例数为2 651例,死亡率为128.36/10万(男性173.73/10万,女性78.25/10万),中标率为105.96/10万,世标率为104.69/10万,0~74岁累积死亡率为12.14%。死亡率最高的癌症是肝癌,其次为肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、食管癌。结论 2016年海南省癌症发病负担较重,其城乡及男女呈现明显差异。肝癌为海南省癌症发病死亡第1位,应作为重点防治癌种,根据其危险因素开展相关的防治措施。