"QS"标志--中国食品质量安全保证的"身份证"

“QS”标志制度是食品质量安全市场准入制度，“QS”标志是消费者识别食品质量安全保证的“身份证”。“QS”标志的主要内容是：食品生产企业必须经过基本生产条件的审查，实施生产许可证制度；对企业生产的食品实施强制检查制度；对实施食品生产许可制度的食品施行质量安全市场准入标志制度。     

几种功能性食品添加剂和配料的发展动向

世界各国的食品科学家认为人们的食品具有三大功能，即：第一功能为营养功能：具有人们生存所必须的营养要素；第二功能为享受功能：具有色、香、味、形等的感官享受以增强食欲；第三功能为调节功能：在食品中有一定的生理活性物质，能对人体调节保健，如提高免疫力、防止衰老等。随着科学文化的发展和生活素质的提高，人们对这些功能的选择，显得愈来愈重视，特别是第三功能的强调被视为２１世纪的食品开发方向，因此相应地产生了功能性食品的概念、广义地说：可以包括强化食品和保健食品。强化食品分为补偿强化（Ｒｅｓｔｏｒａｔｉｏｎ）…     

中日功能性食品管理体制的比较研究

本文分别分析了中国和日本的功能食品管理体制，通过对两国管理体制的比较，提出了完善我国功能食品管理体制的对策：建市统一的国家标准，完善法律法规体系：注重保健食品的安全性管理；加强市场的监督管理：强化行业协会的重要功能。     

食品安全：常识化比情绪化更重要

近年来，国人对于食品安全问题尤其敏感，原因有三：一是问题实在太多了，且情况严重，性质恶劣；二是媒体为抓眼球，夸大或“标题党”作祟；三是国家对食安的常识性科普太少，老百姓知之甚少，易情绪化。对此，我以一个食品生产者的身份，单就食品添加剂问题，谈一些自己的看法。     

二十一世纪食品研究目标

美国食品科学工程学会（IRT）最近提出21世纪食品研究目标，即食品研究的最重要的六大领域：食品的安全性；保健食品营养与健康；分子水平的食品功能研究等。该研究小组认为，确保食品的安全性不仅需要正确的工艺规模，而且需要对食品的病菌具有迅速、正确的定量检测技术！除去     

利用猪血开发保健食品

现代研究认为，食品具有三大功能：一是营养功能，提供人体所需的各种营养素；二是感觉功能，以满足人们不同的嗜好和要求；三是生理调节功能。第三点则是近年来对食品功能的新发展，即食品在具有上述前两大功能的基础上，同时对人体具有生理调节功能。所谓保健食品（又称为功能食品）是食品上述三大功能完美结合的体现和科学地结合。日本厚生省将保健食品定义为食品具有与生物防御、生物调整、防治疾病、恢复健康等有关功能因子（又称活性成分），经设计加工，对生物体具有明显调整功能。 保健食品中最重要的成分是功能因子，常见的保健食…     

盘点中国最有发展前景的海洋功能性产品

在中国改革开放、经济腾飞的大势下，人口众多，消费量持续攀升和传统能源日趋紧缺的情况愈发严重。人们不得不把目光投向海洋。探寻与发展海洋新能源已经成为大势所趋，海洋功能性产品也随之进入人们的视野中。一、什么是海洋功能性产品功能性食品是指具有营养功能、感觉功能和调节生理活动功能的食品。它的范围包括：增强人体体质（增强免疫能力。激活淋巴系统等）的食品；防止疾病（高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、便秘和肿瘤等）的食品；     

《食品工业科技》“食品营养素包埋与递送”专栏付梓发布!

<正>《食品工业科技》专题特邀主编风采黄强，教授，华南理工大学教授，博士生导师。美国爱荷华州立大学博士后(2008-2009)和高级访问学者(2015)，宾夕法尼亚州立大学高级访问学者(2019)。现任国家热带特色健康食品国际科技合作基地副主任、《食品工业科技》青年编委、Foods客座编委。从事功能碳水化合物领域的科研工作，主要研究方向包括：淀粉高值化利用、食品活性成分微胶囊包埋和缓释评价；抗性淀粉、慢消化淀粉与肠道健康；植物活性成分(多糖、多酚)的活性评价、保护和功能食品开发；低GI食品和功能巧克力等食品开发。     

功能性食品的分类

所谓功能性食品，就是强调其成分对人体能充分显示身体防御功能，调节生理节律，预防疾病和促进康复等有关功能的工程之食品。它必须符合：一、由通常使用原材料加工而成并以通常的形态与方法摄入2二、属于日常摄取的食品；三、需标记有关的调节功能；因此，那些添加非食品原料或成分（如各种中草药或药效成分）加工而成的食品，不属于功能性食品的范畴。可以称之为“疗效食品”。根据功能性食品食用对象的不同，可分为两类，日常功能性食品和特种功能性食品。日常功能性食品，是依据各类不同健康状况消费者（包括孕妇、婴儿、老年人和学生…     

国外期刊文摘

萄酒──调味佳品佐藤充克日本食品科学．1996（3）：96～100葡萄酒不仅是饮品，还是上等调味料。在食品加工及调味中应用极广。葡萄酒中酒精有向食品渗透效果，防腐、杀菌；葡萄酒中的糖分与食品中氨基酸产生海拉德反应生成香气成分；并有抗氧化功能及掩盖异味；葡萄酒中富有特性成分有机酸，有调和盐味、甜味、减味及中和氨、胶等不快味等作用，特别能掩盖富肉臭、全臭；葡萄酒中氨基酸有提高食品是味性特别是鲜味效果；葡萄酒富合香气成分，改善食品风味香气。（周秀琴摘）高谷胱甘联酵母食品开发编辑部食品开发．1995（g）：24日本协和…     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.