一种新型无人机高分SAR 信号非均匀混合采样技术

无人机高分辨合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统具有较大的信号频率带宽,根据奈奎斯特采样定律,雷达接收机需要超高速采样的ADC芯片。由于超高速采样率的ADC芯片的采样量化位数较低、功耗较高、成本昂贵,直接采用超高速采样ADC芯片对无人机高分辨率SAR回波信号进行采样接收不是最优方法。文中提出一种新型的非均匀混合采样技术用于对无人机高分辨率SAR回波信号进行采样接收,通过优化无人机SAR系统的信号收发时序,利用325 Msps采样率的ADC芯片即可对频率带宽为2 GHz的雷达回波信号进行采样接收,保证雷达回波的相位扰动与旁瓣电平满足应用需求。仿真实验表明:2 GHz带宽的Ku-SAR系统的回波信号能被采样率为325 Msps的ADC芯片完好采样接收,成像分辨率优于0. 2 m,旁瓣电平控制在-13 dB以下。     

一种超宽带等效采样接收机的设计与实现

脉冲超宽带雷达回波信号由于带宽大而难以直接采样,通常采用等效时间采样方法来进行模数转换。传统的等效采样接收机大都是基于改变ADC采样时钟的时延来实现等效采样,采样时钟对触发信号会产生亚稳态时序,不可避免地会出现数据误对齐,必须添加辅助的在线或离线校正设计。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于FPGA内置延迟线的超宽带等效采样接收机,FPGA产生延时可调的发射触发信号去控制波形产生系统,基于高速采样保持器和ADC完成回波接收,实现了超宽带射频信号的等效采样,而无数据误对齐问题。接收机的等效采样速率为12.8GS/s,-3dB采样带宽为6.4GHz,满足脉冲超宽带雷达的应用需求。     

新型超宽带探地雷达数字采样接收机设计

基于探地雷达应用,结合等效时间采样技术和实时采样技术的优点,提出了一种新的超宽带等效数字采样技术。该采样技术不需要采用集成模数转换(A/D),而是通过对模拟信号进行1比特并行时间交替采样和均匀量化来实现模数转换的功能。基于该技术思想,利用一片现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)研制出具有等效4.096GHz采样率、7位精度模数转换功能的超带宽探地雷达数字采样接收机。电路结构紧凑,功耗低于1.5W.实测结果表明:该接收机的模拟带宽达500MHz,具有很低的量化噪声,能很好的重构输入信号。同时,该接收机具有很好的性能,能满足超宽带探地雷达的要求。     

IR-UWB数字相干接收机的硬件电路设计

在超宽带信号的接收中,相干接收比非相干接收拥有更高的分辨率,能充分发挥超宽带信号定位精度高等优点.相干接收机对UWB信号进行高速采样后再处理,采样的速度和精度是限制UWB相干接收机测距精度的主要因素.本文设计并实现了IR-UWB的数字相干接收机,接收机采用高速采样芯片ADC08D1000对脉冲超宽带（IR-UWB）信号进行双通道交织采样,然后使用FPGA对采样数据进行降速处理.测试结果证明,本文设计的接收机能准确捕获到脉宽为1 ns的UWB信号.     

DC-10 GHz数字瞬时测频接收机设计

在射频前端宽开的条件下,为了实现DC-10GHz带宽范围内的信号频率瞬时测量,采用基于多速率欠采样信号处理的超宽带数字测频接收机方案设计,并运用Matlab对三个不同采样率情况下的频率求解算法进行仿真。算法仿真结果显示：当输入信号的信噪比为0dB、每个采样通道对应的FFT运算点数均为1 024时,测频精度可达±3 MHz,测频出错的概率小于3×10-5。克服了直接运用奈奎斯特采样进行DC-10GHz信号频率瞬时测量的困难。     

一种超宽带光电混合结构A/D转换器

现代宽带数字接收机对高性能模数转换器(ADC)的需求逐渐增大,而电子学ADC因载流子迁移速率限制无法实现超宽带直接数字采样。基于光子技术超宽带、超高速的特性,文章提出了一种光电混合结构的ADC技术。通过采用基于超短光脉冲的光学采样代替基于电子学半导体技术的采样/保持(S/H)电路来大幅提高采样带宽。采用时分复用及多通道电学ADC量化技术实现信号数字编码。最后通过数字域均衡与线性化处理提高系统性能,实现了对频率大于24 GHz的微波信号的直接采样,采样信噪比大于40 dB,为超宽带微波信号高精度直接数字化提供了有效途径。     

基于高速ADC和FPGA的IR-UWB相干接收机设计

为了探索超宽带(UWB)技术的空间应用,设计了一款脉冲无线超宽带(IR-UWB)的全数字化相干接收机。本系统利用高速采样芯片ADC08D1000对IR-UWB信号进行双通道交织采样,接下来利用Xilinx FPGA对采样数据进行降速处理。按照二分搜索、相干捕获、脉冲跟踪的方案进行接收系统设计,并对该接收机进行了实际测试。最终实现了1 ns脉宽的IR-UWB信号的正确接收和1 Mb/s码速率的OOK编码通信。     

基于多级信道化的超宽带搜索接收机设计与实现

针对大瞬时带宽和高频率分辨率的实时侦察需求,联合采用模拟信道化和数字信道化技术完成了超宽带信号搜索接收机的设计与实现,并重点讨论了数字信道化接收机的高速FPGA数字系统设计.数字没计中,充分考虑了高速数据的可靠接收以及片内数字处理速度和资源的优化配置,确保系统良好的性能.实现和测试结果表明接收机性能稳定,能够完成大瞬时带宽内的无线电信号搜索任务.     

平衡馈电超宽带探地雷达系统的研究与实现

提出了一种新型平衡馈电超宽带探地雷达系统的设计方法,并研制了实际的电路系统。该雷达系统关键技术包括发射机平衡脉冲的实现,取样脉冲产生方法以及取样门的设计。发射机电路产生脉冲宽度为500 ps,峰值电压幅度为8 V的平衡脉冲信号。接收机采样带宽高达4.3 GHz,为平衡取样门结构,对宽带信号进行采样和保持。对雷达系统进行穿透探测实验,实验结果表明:雷达系统能成功接收携有目标信息的雷达回波信号,并能检测到混凝土实体后面的金属物。该雷达系统适合浅层高分辨率目标检测的应用。     

全新的高稳定穿墙雷达接收机前端设计

在穿墙雷达(TWR)接收超宽带(UWB)回波信号的过程中,高速信号采集是其中的关键所在。首先基于传统等效采样方法,改进了其采样模式,能极大地提高等效采样的实时性,并减小精密延时电路的延时时间范围。其次利用跟踪保持芯片设计了一种新型等效采样接收机前端实现方案,不仅能降低等效采样技术对取样脉冲的要求,而且能充分发挥跟踪保持芯片高重复频率、高稳定和高度集成的优势。通过分析和仿真论证,实现了10GHz的等效采样频率,理论分析与仿真测试结果一致性良好。这种高度集成、简单高效的电路在超宽带穿墙雷达接收机中具有很好的应用前景。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.