马里兰烟系列雄性不育系转育研究

为选育马里兰烟雄性不育系,以马里兰烟优良品系 Md609-1、Md609-2、Md609-3为轮回亲本,以马里兰烟胞质不育系Msmd609为不育源,进行连续回交转育。经过 5个连续世代单株选择和回交转育,选育出了 3份稳定性状的不育系,具备各对应品系典型特征特性,已转育成各对应品系的雄性不育同型系。其中,不育材料 Msmd609-3经济性状好、品质较优,具有一定的推广应用价值。      

白肋烟叶片低叶绿素含量的生理生化分析

为阐明白肋烟叶片叶绿素含量低的生理生化机理,以白肋烟品种B21和马里兰烟品种Md609为材料,比较了两种不同叶色烟草叶片中主要叶绿素合成前体物及叶绿素代谢关键酶活性。结果表明,旺长期B21叶片中7种叶绿素合成前体物δ-氨基乙酰丙酸、胆色素原、尿卟啉原Ⅲ、粪卟啉原Ⅲ、原卟啉Ⅸ、镁原卟啉Ⅸ和原叶绿素酸酯的含量均低于Md609;B21叶片中催化叶绿素合成的5-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶、胆色素原脱氨酶活性分别是Md609叶片中的0.43%和0.75%,而催化叶绿素降解的叶绿素酶活性则是Md609叶片中的2.04倍,这表明白肋烟叶片中的叶绿素含量低可能是其叶绿素合成受阻和降解加快双重作用的结果。     

马里兰烟品种比较试验

为筛选出优质的马里兰烟品种在生产上推广应用,解决品种单一的问题,对6个引进品种和5个新选育的F1品种进行了田间比较试验。结果表明:新选育的F1品种MH5,田间长势好,黑胫病和叶部病害发病轻,产量较高,产值最高,原烟外观质量和评吸质量好,化学成分协调。引进品种Md872,田间长势好,抗病性强,产量最高,产值较高,原烟外观质量和化验、评吸结果较好。以上2个品种均优于对照品种Md609。引进品种Md10的产量、产值较高,抗叶部病害,成熟早,原烟外观质量和化验、评吸结果也较好,与对照品种M609相当。     

云南马里兰烟试种报告

对4个马里兰烟品种(Md609、Md34l、Md872和Md201)在云南省临沧、保山和宾川的试种情况进行了比较，结果表明，Md609是4个参试品种中综合表现最优的品种，含有较丰富的致香成分，香气质较好，刺激性较轻，评吸品质最佳。保山和临沧两地生产的烟叶致香物质含量最多，香气量足，香气质最好，协调性较理想。     

甜菜新品种——吉甜209的选育

甜菜新品种吉甜209以多粒雄性不育系为母本，以二倍体品系为父本，采取5：1配比杂交育成。该品种经1996-1999年省内甜菜品种区域试验，1998-1999年生产试验，表现为适应性广，抗病能力强，块根产量高、产糖量高等优点。区域试验结果：块根产量比吉甜201(对照品种)增产18．45％，含糖低0．36度，产糖量比吉甜201提高15．84％。吉甜209属于丰产型雄性不育二倍体杂交品种，2001年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定并命。     

甜菜新品种——吉甜209的选育

甜菜新品种吉甜209以多粒雄性不育系为母本,以二倍体品系为父本,采取5：1配比杂交育成。该品种经1996－1999年省内甜菜品种区域试验,1998－1999年生产试验,表现为适应性广,抗病能力强,块根产量高、产糖量高等优点。区域试验结果：块根产量比吉甜201（对照品种）增产18．45％,含糖低0．36度,产糖量比吉甜201提高15．84％。吉甜209属于丰产型雄性不育二倍体杂交品种,2001年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定并命。     

烤烟新品种秦烟201的选育及特征特性

为改善和提升自育品种秦烟96的外观质量和感官品质,以MS云烟97为母本、秦烟96为父本组配选育成雄性不育杂交种秦烟201,于2019年3月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。该品种田间长势强,整齐一致,叶片易落黄、易烘烤;综合抗病性和经济性状均好于对照NC89;烤后烟叶外观质量、化学成分协调性、感官质量均优于NC89,物理特性与NC89相当。综合评价,秦烟201在品质、抗性、产量、适应性等方面能够较好兼顾,综合性状优良,适宜在北方烟区种植。     

白肋烟新品种川白2号的选育及其应用评价

川白2号是达州市烟草公司以MSVA1061为母本、达所26为父本杂交选育的白肋烟雄性不育杂交新品种,于2015年4月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。试验与示范结果表明,该品种田间生长势强,群体整齐一致,有效叶数较多;免疫TMV,中抗-抗黑胫病,中感-中抗根结线虫病,感赤星病,对青枯病的抗性强于对照品种鄂烟1号,综合抗病能力强于对照品种;产量、产值较高,主要经济性状显著优于对照;烟叶外观质量好,物理特性适宜,内在化学成分协调,感官评吸质量较好;适应性广,适宜四川、湖北、重庆、云南等国内主要白肋烟烟区种植。     

烤烟新品种贵烟202选育及其特征特性

贵烟202是以自育花培株系MSGDH88为母本、Va116为父本杂交选育的烤烟雄性不育一代杂交种,于2015年4月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。多年的试验示范结果表明,该品种生长势强,田间整齐一致,上部叶开片好,抗黑胫病、气候斑点病;适宜区域主要经济性状显著优于对照品种K326;烟叶外观质量和物理特性优于对照,化学成分协调性与对照相当,烟叶感官质量略优于对照,是一个兼顾质量和产量的优良烤烟新品种,适于贵州、四川、重庆、湖南、陕西等省多数烟区种植。     

烤烟新品种湘烟6号的选育及其特征特性

烤烟新品种湘烟6号是以优质、多抗、适产和适应性强为育种目标,利用MS湘烟一号为母本,GY07为父本育成的雄性不育一代烤烟杂交种,于2018年通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。该品种株型结构合理,田间整齐一致,大田前中期长势强,可采叶数与K326相当;叶片分层落黄,易烘烤;其综合经济性状显著优于对照K326,与云烟87相当;化学成分协调,原烟外观质量好,感观质量较好;中抗青枯病,中抗-抗黑胫病,中抗-中感根结线虫病,中感赤星病、TMV,中感-感CMV,感PVY,综合抗性优于K326。该品种适宜在湖南、广东等烟区种植。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.