一氧化氮在慢性缺氧大鼠肺血管低反应机制中的作用

目的　探讨一氧化氮 ( NO)在慢性缺氧大鼠肺血管低反应机制中的作用。方法　采用离体肺动脉环实验。结果　 1用 L-单甲基精氨酸 ( L- NMMA)阻断 NO合成后 ,慢性缺氧鼠肺血管张力增值明显小于正常大鼠 [( 8.7±2 .4) m g vs( 18.2± 3 .1) m g,P<0 .0 5 ];而用 L- arginine促进 NO合成后 ,其张力下降值明显大于正常对照组 [( 9.6± 2 .4) m g vs( 4.8± 1.3 ) mg;P<0 .0 1];2用 L- NMMA阻断 NO的生成 ,可使正常大鼠离体肺动脉环缺氧性肺血管收缩反应 ( HPV)强度几乎减半 ;而对慢性缺氧鼠 HPV无明显变化 ;3 L- arginine可轻度增强正常鼠及慢性缺氧鼠HPV,但两者变化无显著差异。结论　 1慢性缺氧可能使肺动脉 NO生成减少 ,从而降低 NO在维持肺血管低张力中的作用 ;2急性缺氧使肺动脉 NO生成减少 ,从而介导 HPV;3慢性缺氧鼠肺动脉 NO生成减少 ,因而降低 NO在介导HPV中的作用。后者可能是慢性缺氧致离体肺动脉环 HPV钝化的一个重要机制     

内皮素 A受体拮抗剂 WS009A 对大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压形成的影响*

目的　研究非肽内皮素 A受体拮抗剂—— WS0 0 9A对大鼠慢性低氧性肺动脉高压形成的影响。方法　对大鼠在慢性缺氧过程中经左颈外静脉每日灌注 WS0 0 9A(10 mg/kg)。结果　对照组、单纯缺氧组和缺氧加 WS0 0 9A组平均肺动脉压分别为 2 .7± 0 .33、3.97± 0 .47和 2 .39± 0 .2 7k Pa,肺血管管壁面积占血管面积的百分比分别为 0 .2 6± 0 .0 3,0 .5 2± 0 .0 4,0 .32± 0 .0 7,管壁厚度占管径的百分比分别为 0 .14± 0 .0 2、0 .31± 0 .0 3和0 .18± 0 .0 5 ,右心室与左心室加室间隔重量的比率分别为 0 .2 4± 0 .0 2 ,0 .35± 0 .0 3,0 .2 6± 0 .0 3。方差分析表明 ,缺氧加 WS0 0 9A组的 m PAP和 RV/(L V+ S)比单纯缺氧组显著降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,与正常对照组相比无显著差异(P>0 .0 5 )。肺血管管壁面积占血管面积的百分比和管壁厚度占管径的百分比在缺氧加 WS0 0 9A组较正常对照组为高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但比单纯缺氧组显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　慢性低氧可使大鼠肺血管壁增厚 ,从而引起肺动脉高压 ,进而右心室肥厚。但缺氧同时加用 ETA受体拮抗剂可明显对抗低氧引起的肺血管重建 ,肺动脉压无显著升高。     

肺心病患者血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子水平的变化及其与肺动脉压的关系

目的　探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)在低氧性肺动脉高压发病中的作用。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法对具有低氧性肺动脉高压的肺心病患者 2 1例、无低氧性肺动脉高压的慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者 2 3例和 2 4例正常人血清 b FGF水平进行检测 ,以多普勒超声心动仪测定肺心病和 COPD患者的平均肺动脉压 (m PAP)。结果　肺心病组 m PAP水平 (33.33± 7.0 3m m Hg)明显高于 COPD组 (13.13± 2 .34mm Hg) ,P<0 .0 0 1;肺心病组血清 b FGF水平 (6 9.84± 16 .2 9pg/m l)明显高于 COPD组 (43.94± 7.5 7pg/ml)和正常对照组(44 .6 4± 6 .31pg/m l) ,P<0 .0 0 1;肺心病血清 b FGF水平与 m PAP之间呈明显正相关 ,r=0 .730 ,P<0 .0 0 1。结论慢性肺心病患者血清 b FGF水平明显升高 ,可能与其慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的形成有一定的关系。     

Ⅰ型胶原在低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺内分布的改变

为阐明低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织 型胶原的变化及其与肺动脉压的关系 ,分别用右心导管法检测肺动脉压力和肺循环阻力等血流动力学指标 ,以链亲合素过氧化物酶法观察低氧大鼠肺动脉、支气管和肺间质 型胶原的分布变化 ,用图像分析技术检测肺小动脉的形态改变和胶原组化染色灰度扫描。结果 :低氧大鼠肺动脉压明显升高 ,肺小动脉管壁增厚 ,管腔狭窄 ,反映管壁增厚的两个指标管壁厚度占血管外径的百分比 (35 .83±3.5 5 )和管壁面积占血管总面积的百分比 (5 9.6 8± 4.90 )均显著高于对照组的 1 6 .35± 2 .6 4和 2 6 .83± 3.40 (P<0 .0 1 )。 型胶原表达明显增强 ,主要分布在肺动脉的外膜 ,经灰度扫描肺动脉壁的阳性程度 (2 .5 5± 0 .34 )明显高于对照组 (1 .2 4± 0 .2 1 ,P<0 .0 1 ) ,且与管壁厚度占血管外径的百分比 (35 .83± 3.5 5 )及平均肺动脉压 (3.95±0 .43k Pa)呈直线正相关 (r=0 .85 ,P<0 .0 1 ;r=0 .6 3,P<0 .0 5 ) ,说明肺动脉 型胶原增多与肺动脉高压的形成密切相关     

大鼠实验性溃疡性结肠炎中NO、MDA、SOD的变化

目的 :建立大鼠实验性溃疡性结肠炎的模型 ,观察结肠组织中NO、MDA、SOD的变化。方法 :30只Wistar大鼠 ,随机分为正常对照组、实验组、治疗组各 10只 ,实验组和治疗组用乙酸灌肠建立大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的模型后 ,分别给予生理盐水、SASP 80mg/(kg·d)各 1ml/d灌肠 ,采用组织病理学进行损伤指数评分 ;生化法检测组织中NO、MDA、SOD值。结果 :实验组NO[(5 .19± 0 .4 5 ) μmol/g蛋白 ]、MDA[(30 .6± 2 .18)nmol/g蛋白 ]均显著增高于对照组 [(1.96± 0 .2 9) μmol/g蛋白 ,(6 .82± 0 .81)nmol/g蛋白 ,P <0 .0 1]、治疗组 [(2 .98± 0 .2 7) μmol/g蛋白 ,(14 .79± 1.92 )nmol/g蛋白 ,P <0 .0 1) ];实验组 [SOD(11.0 6± 1.82 )U/g蛋白 ]显著降低于对照组 [(2 2 .2± 1.6 2 )U/g蛋白 ,P <0 .0 1]、治疗组 [(17.7± 1.76 )U/g蛋白 ,P <0 .0 1],实验组的损伤指数 (3.89± 0 .78)显著高于治疗组 (1.30± 0 .4 8,P<0 .0 1)。治疗组与对照组各值比较也有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :自由基参与溃疡性结肠炎的病理过程 ,降低自由基水平可以为治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供新的途径     

低氧大鼠肺内血管内皮细胞生长因子表达与肺血管重建的关系

目的　了解低氧性肺动脉高压时肺内血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)与肺血管重建的关系。方法　将 2 0只雄性 Wistar大鼠分为低氧性肺动脉高压组 (n=10 )和对照组 (n=10 )两组 ,肺动脉高压组以常压低氧建立大鼠肺动脉高压模型。以微导管法测定各组大鼠肺动脉压 ,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测模型大鼠肺内 VEGF的表达 ,对肺组织切片进行图象分析。结果　低氧 3周后 ,肺动脉高压组大鼠形成明显的肺动脉高压 ,肺小动脉壁细胞数增多 ,管壁增厚和管腔狭窄 ,管壁厚度占外径的百分比 (WT%)为 31.4%± 2 .6 %,管壁面积占血管总面积的百分比 (WA%)为 5 2 .8%± 3.4%,分别与正常对照组 16 .0 %± 1.8%和 2 8.7%± 2 .3%相比明显升高 (P<0 .0 1) ;肺小动脉内膜的 VEGF免疫阳性染色在低氧大鼠组为 2 .5 1± 0 .2 5 ,与正常对照组 1.2 7± 0 .15相比明显增强 (P<0 .0 1) ,低氧大鼠组 VEGF免疫阳性染色强度与 WT%和 WA%呈明显正相关 (r分别为 0 .792和 0 .785 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　低氧所致 VEGF的合成增多在低氧性肺血管重建和肺动脉高压的发病过程中起一定的作用。     

单硝酸异山梨酯对冠心病心衰患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的:观察单硝酸异山梨酯对血管内皮功能的影响。方法:20例冠心病心衰患者给予异舒吉30mg/d治疗,持续10d,治疗前后测定血管内皮功能。20例患者给予常规治疗作对照。结果:冠心病心衰患者用药(异舒吉)后动脉内径[(4.35±0.41)mm]比用药前[(4.19±0.46)mm]明显增大,P<0.001;肱动脉血流介导的舒张反应用药后[(517.98±352.17)%]较用药前[(424.01±330.98)%]明显增强,P<0.001。结论:冠心病心力衰竭患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能减退,硝酸酯类能改善这种血管内皮功能失调。     

静脉输注高氧液治疗家兔单肺通气期间低氧血症

目的 探索高氧液对兔单肺通气期间低氧血症的治疗作用. 方法 家兔30只,随机分为对照组(C组)和高氧液组(H组)各15只. 单肺通气(OLV) 30 min后,对照组静脉输入9 g/L生理盐水100 mL,高氧液组输入高氧液100 mL. 输注完毕后,记录OLV前及OLV后30 min(治疗前)及静脉输液后10 min(治疗后) pH,PaO2,PaCO2, PvO2,SaO2及SvO2等指标. 结果与OLV前相比,两组单肺通气30 min后,SaO2 [(91.0±3.5)%, (91.0±2.9)%], PaO2[(10.7±1.2) kPa, (10.9±1.2)kPa], PvO2[(8.3±1.4) kPa, (8.3±1.5)kPa], SvO2[(57.0±2.3)%, (57.0±3.8)%]均明显下降,而PaCO2[(5.9±0.6) kPa, (5.6±0.6)kPa]显著升高(P<0.01);对照组在输液后10 min各指标仍呈下降趋势,高氧液组在治疗后SaO2(95.0±3.2)%, PaO2(11.9±1.5)kPa, PvO2(9.2±1.4)kPa, SvO2(63.0±3.1)%明显升高,与对照组相应各指标[(89.0±2.7)%, (10.3±1.1)kPa, (8.1±1.2)kPa, (55.0±3.1)%]相比有显著性差异(P<0.05). 结论 静脉输注高氧液对OLV期间低氧血症有明显的治疗作用.     

短程甲羟孕酮治疗男性慢性呼吸衰竭的疗效分析

对 2 3例男性慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)伴慢性呼吸衰竭患者在检测血气和肺功能后 ,给予口服甲羟孕酮 (MPA) 6 0mg/d ,共 14d ,于用药 14d、停药 2周、3周、4周时检测血压、肺功能、血气分析。结果 :在服用MPA 14d时 ,PaCO2 由 4 9.89± 3.2 1mmHg降为 4 4 .0 1± 3.77mmHg (P <0 .0 1) ,PaO2 由 5 9.0 7± 5 .2 2mmHg上升为6 2 .98± 5 .87mmHg(P <0 .0 1) ;在停用MPA 3周后 ,平均PaCO2 水平仍较基础值下降 1.5 2mmHg (P <0 .0 5 )。表明短程 (14d)口服MPA(6 0mg/d)能有效改善男性慢性呼吸衰竭患者的低氧血症及二氧化碳潴留     

血脂康对老年陈旧性心肌梗死患者氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白及血管内皮功能的影响

目的 :探讨血脂康对老年陈旧性心肌梗死 (OMI)患者血氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)水平和血管内皮功能的影响。方法 :老年OMI患者及健康老年人 (对照组 )各 32例 ,空腹 12h后查血清脂质总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、OX LDL、内皮素 (ET 1)和一氧化氮 (NO)水平 ,老年OMI患者给予血脂康 0 .6 g ,每日 2次 ,8周后复查OX LDL、ET 1和NO水平。 结果 :与对照组相比 ,老年OMI患者治疗前血清中脂质水平差异无显著性 ,血清中OX LDL和ET 1水平升高 [(1171.1± 5 0 4.2 )对 (4 14.9± 10 7.8) μg/L和 (10 4.48± 32 .30 )对 (6 4.40±18.0 4) pg/ml) ],NO水平低于对照组 [(4 4.78± 15 .40 )对 (77.78± 2 5 .79) μmol/L],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;经血脂康治疗后 ,老年OMI患者OX LDL和ET 1水平较治疗前下降 [(874.2± 30 5 .0 )对 (1171.1± 5 0 4.2 ) μg/L和 (89.15± 2 0 .78)对(10 4.48± 32 .30 ) pg/ml],NO水平升高 [(5 6 .6 0± 13.6 2 )对 (4 4.78± 15 .40 ) μmol/L],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论 :血脂康具有抑制脂质过氧化反应 ,减低OX LDL水平 ,保护老年OMI患者血管内皮功能的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.