废纸回用废水中胶黏物去除技术研究进展

废纸回用制浆造纸过程中胶黏物是影响再生纸质量及纸机正常运行的重要因素之一。本文介绍了废纸回用中胶黏物的来源、检测方法及去除手段的相关研究进展,重点阐述了其在物理、化学、高级氧化、生物及组合技术方面的去除手段应用研究进展,并就胶黏物去除技术在废纸回用废水处理领域应用时存在的主要问题和未来发展方向进行了讨论。     

广东废纸回用与包装用纸及纸板的发展

本文概述了广东废纸回用与包装用纸和纸板的发展，及其近年废纸回用技术和装备发展的趋势，并对今后发展提出了建议。     

废纸制浆造纸馆藏资料目录(1957—1991)

馆藏资料索取号 一、一般性问题国外废纸回用情况☆废纸回收的可能方法☆废纸在造纸工业中的利用欧洲经济共同体国家(EEC)已在着力提高废纸的回收利用☆废纸的回收利用☆废纸的利用问题☆国外废纸的回收利用☆芬兰成功地使用商品脱墨浆☆废纸的再利用☆细小纤维对废纸浆成型质量的影响☆国外废纸回用及市场经济发展动向☆12131415161718192021222324252627新的制浆方法介决废纸回用问题废纸一造纸工业不可忽视的重要原料生产废纸脱墨浆的报价资料关于废纸利用情况的综合报导☆废纸制浆的新发展试论如何提高废纸造纸的经济效益谈加强废纸回…     

生物技术在废纸脱墨中的应用及研究进展

对废纸的回用和脱墨进行了简单的概述,详细地叙述了生物技术在废纸脱墨中的应用,包括脂肪酶、纤维素酶、漆酶等,最后阐述了废纸脱墨技术的研究进展。     

废纸分选技术综述

废纸有效回用对于环境的可持续发展起着重要作用。作为城市固体废弃物基本组成的废纸既是一种固体回用燃料,也可用于纸张生产。为了生产高品质纸产品,需要对回用废纸进行分类,进而节约能源、化学品及水,并减少污泥和废弃物。文章重点介绍了废纸的生命周期和现有的废纸分选技术。造纸工业现已采用多种传感器对废纸进行分选,包括木素传感器、光泽度传感器、挺度传感器、中红外传感器、红外传感器和色彩传感器。文中还介绍了不同废纸分选系统的效率,并在综合考虑其效果和成本的基础上,推荐了适宜的废纸分选系统。     

废纸回用中纤维的“角质化”现象

本文论述了废纸在回用过程中发生的"角质化"现象及影响因素,分析了"角质化"对不同浆种所存在的差异以及在废纸回用过程中应该采取的对策。     

废纸回用过程的清洁生产

在废纸造纸行业发展及污染现状的基础上,提出实施清洁生产是废纸造纸行业治理污染,实现可持续发展健康之路.从物料综合利用、企业管理、工艺设备改造、废纸制浆新工艺、废纸脱墨技术、废水处理及综合利用等方面论述了废纸回用过程的清洁生产措施与实践.     

淋膜废纸回收生产实践

淋膜废纸的回用经济且环保,本文对淋膜废纸回收利用的工艺探讨及批量化回收生产应用的实践进行介绍.     

浅谈废纸回用在中国的潜力和废纸脱墨新技术

本文从循环经济的观点出发，简要阐述了中国在废纸回用方面与世界水平的差距，指出了中国在废纸回用方面的巨大潜力和商机，通过对一些废纸脱墨新工艺和最新的浮选设备性能的阐述．重点介绍了一些废纸脱墨新技术。     

废纸回收利用对广东造纸工业发展的贡献

本文介绍了全球、中国和广东废纸回用利用对造纸工业发展的贡献.同时介绍了废纸回收利用的优势以及目前在我国尚存在的问题和建议.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.