壳聚糖涂膜保鲜草莓的研究

本试验用七八成熟的草莓为材料,对草莓果实采用不同浓度的壳聚糖处理涂膜,并分别在4℃和常温(12℃~15℃)下贮藏,测定贮藏期间经壳聚糖处理以后草莓的失重率,可溶性固形物的含量、VC含量、总糖含量、总酸含量和呼吸强度的变化,研究壳聚糖涂膜对草莓果实保鲜的影响。试验结果表明,在草莓的贮藏中,壳聚糖涂膜处理对草莓有一定的保鲜作用,以浓度1.25%壳聚糖溶液处理保鲜效果最佳。尤其是在4℃条件下,浓度1.25%壳聚糖溶液处理明显降低了草莓果实的腐烂程度与失重率,延缓了果实贮藏后期可溶性固形物、有机酸含量、总糖含量以及VC的降低,减少了呼吸损耗,提高了草莓果实贮藏期间品质。     

壳聚糖涂膜常温保鲜草莓的试验研究

以壳聚糖涂膜对草莓进行常温保鲜试验,结果表明:以1.25%壳聚糖涂膜的草莓其VC、总酸、总糖、可溶性固形物含量最高,腐烂指数、呼吸强度、失重率最低,贮藏效果最好。     

羧甲基壳聚糖在草莓保鲜中的应用效果研究

羧甲基壳聚糖是壳聚糖的一种水溶性衍生物,具有良好的成膜性、抗菌性。以不同含量的水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCTS)溶液,对草莓进行涂膜保鲜处理,考察在低温贮藏条件下草莓果实的失重率、可溶性固形物、总酸和VC的变化。结果表明,1.5%CMCTS溶液在4℃、湿度70%~80%条件下可有效降低草莓果实的失重率,并能有效保持可溶性固形物、总酸和VC的含量,有效改善和提高草莓的贮藏保鲜品质,在一定程度上延长草莓的货架期,且各项保鲜指标优于壳聚糖保鲜。     

壳聚糖复合涂膜对草莓保鲜的影响

迷迭香提取物、CaCl2、亚硫酸钠分别与壳聚糖复配涂膜研究草莓的贮藏保鲜技术,通过测定贮藏过程中草莓果实的营养成分、感官品质等指标,探究草莓在低温冷藏条件下的成熟衰老过程和不同保鲜剂处理对草莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖复配迷迭香提取物和壳聚糖复合CaCl2涂膜保鲜液均可显著地(P<0.05)减缓草莓的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、还原糖含量的下降,抑制草莓细胞膜渗透率变化和果实的腐烂软化,保持草莓的硬度等贮藏品质。亚硫酸钠-壳聚糖处理可维持草莓的还原糖含量,延缓可滴定酸和Vc含量的下降。其中,1.5%壳聚糖+0.3%迷迭香提取物溶液浸渍涂膜5 min保鲜草莓效果最好,1.5%壳聚糖+2.0%CaCl2溶液浸渍涂膜5 min次之。     

低温结合壳聚糖涂膜处理对金桔贮藏品质的影响

以无涂膜果实为对照,对壳聚糖含量占0.5%、1.0%和1.5%在低温条件下(6℃±2℃)涂膜处理对金桔果实,研究对贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,不同质量分数的壳聚糖涂膜处理均能有效抑制金桔果实腐烂率和失重率的上升,延缓可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量和抗坏血酸含量的下降。其中,在低温条件下,1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理对保持金桔果实的贮藏品质更显著,说明低温结合1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理,更适用于金桔果实的贮藏保鲜。     

含茶多酚的壳聚糖涂膜对圣女果保鲜效果的影响

将天然抑菌抗氧化剂茶多酚添加到壳聚糖中制成复合涂膜液,以腐烂指数、失重率、有机酸含量、呼吸强度、VC含量为质量指标定期取样测定,研究所制成的涂膜液在室温条件下对圣女果的保鲜效果。结果表明,含茶多酚的壳聚糖膜能明显降低圣女果在贮藏期间的呼吸强度和失重率,延缓果实VC和有机酸含量的下降,抑制圣女果的腐烂速度。其中,2%的壳聚糖水溶液中添加200 mg/kg~300 mg/kg茶多酚制得的涂膜液保鲜效果最显著,和对照相比,可将圣女果的室温保鲜从6 d延长至14 d。     

壳聚糖涂膜处理对沙糖桔采后生理及品质的影响

目的研究壳聚糖涂膜处理对沙糖桔(Shatang mandarin)采后生理及品质的影响。方法常温条件下(20±2)℃采用0.5%、1.0%和1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理,每4 d取一次样品,分别对沙糖桔果实的腐烂率、呼吸强度、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C含量进行测定。结果与对照组相比,不同质量分数的壳聚糖涂膜处理均能有效抑制沙糖桔果实腐烂率的上升,延缓呼吸强度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量的下降。其中,1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理对维持沙糖桔果实采后生理及品质的效果更显著。结论常温条件下,1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理适用于沙糖桔果实的贮藏保鲜。     

涂膜保鲜剂中添加茶多酚对草莓贮藏品质的影响

分析廉价成膜材料大豆分离蛋白与天然抑菌抗氧化物质茶多酚对草莓进行涂膜保鲜的可行性.将茶多酚加入成膜剂中,测定贮藏过程中草莓有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物等各项指标的变化.结果表明,涂膜剂中添加茶多酚可明显降低草莓果实的失重率,延缓果实维生素C、有机酸和可溶性固形物含量的下降.涂膜保鲜剂中添加茶多酚量为0.3％保鲜效果最佳,果实的贮藏期延长5d.     

辣根素和壳聚糖复合涂膜对草莓保鲜的影响

以1.25%的壳聚糖为涂膜基质,通过添加辣根素,分别配制了辣根素质量分数为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%的辣根素/壳聚糖复合涂膜液。以蒸馏水作为对照组,通过浸泡处理,考察不同辣根素浓度对室温下草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的辣根素/壳聚糖复合膜涂液均能在一定程度上抑制草莓失重率和腐烂指数的上升,同时可延缓可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、VC含量和还原糖含量的下降,其中,浓度为0.6%的辣根素/壳聚糖复合保鲜液对草莓的保鲜效果最佳。因此,辣根素/壳聚糖可以作为天然抗菌膜液控制草莓表皮微生物的生长,延长果实的贮藏期。     

壳聚糖涂膜处理对翠冠梨果实常温货架期色泽和贮藏品质的影响

以翠冠梨果实为试验材料,研究1.0%、1.5%和2.0%壳聚糖涂膜处理对翠冠梨果实常温货架期色泽和贮藏品质的影响。试验结果表明:壳聚糖涂膜处理能延缓果实色泽变化,抑制果实果皮色泽向黄褐色转变、延缓果皮叶绿素含量的降低和类胡萝卜素的积累。与对照组(CK)果实相比,壳聚糖涂膜果实腐烂率、失重率、呼吸强度均降低,能够使果实硬度和营养品质维持在较高水平。说明壳聚糖涂膜处理能够作为翠冠梨果实的保鲜技术以提高成熟翠冠梨采后的贮藏品质,其中1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理对常温货架期翠冠梨果实的保鲜效果最佳。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.