库巴德巴利酵母FBKL2.0130 D-阿拉伯糖醇脱氢酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质研究

该研究从库巴德巴利酵母FBKL2.0130中克隆D-阿拉伯糖醇脱氢酶基因ARD,利用闪电克隆技术构建重组质粒Yep-PAK,并将重组质粒导入酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）W303-1A中,得到重组菌株W303-ARD并成功表达。并对重组菌株和亲本菌株的生长性能进行测定,并对重组D-阿拉伯糖醇脱氢酶酶学性质进行研究。结果表明,与亲本菌株相比,重组菌株的D-阿拉伯糖醇脱氢酶的还原活力从（32.7±0.803） U/mL提高至（122.4±1.012） U/mL,氧化活力从（18.46±0.105） U/mL提高至（97.30±0.826）U/mL。重组D-阿拉伯糖醇脱氢酶的最适反应温度为30 ℃,在25～40 ℃范围内氧化、还原活力均保持稳定。还原反应的最适pH值为9.0,在pH 9.0～11.0范围内比较稳定;氧化反应的最适pH值为7.0,在pH 7.0～8.0的范围内能保持较高的活性。Cu2+、Ba2+、Zn2+均能抑制重组酶活力;Mg2+对重组酶活力无明显影响;Ca2+、Mn2+、Fe3+均能提高重组酶活力。     

高产蛋白酶菌株的分离、鉴定及酶学性质研究

该研究旨在从非传统环境（磷矿）中分离、筛选高产胞外蛋白酶菌株，对菌株进行形态学观察、生理生化和分子生物学鉴定，并研究其蛋白酶的酶学性质。结果表明，分离筛选到一株蛋白酶高产菌株，编号为PB5，该菌株被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis），该菌株产胞外蛋白酶活力为562.3 U/mL，胞外蛋白酶的最适pH值为10，在pH 7～10有较好的pH稳定性；最适温度为60 ℃，20～50 ℃时有较好的稳定性；Na+、Mg2+、Mn2+、K+对蛋白酶活力有明显的促进作用；Fe2+、Ag+、乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）、苯甲基磺酰氟（PMSF）、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对蛋白酶活力有明显抑制效果。     

一株阿里地区产纤维素酶菌株的筛选与鉴定

从西藏阿里地区冈仁波齐山脉附近筛选得到了一株产纤维素酶的细菌G1,经形态观察与16S rDNA的序列分析鉴定其为地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）。该菌株在30 ℃、pH 7的初始条件下培养76 h后产酶量达到最高,酶活力为0.3 U/mL。酶学性质研究表明,B. licheniformis G1所产纤维素酶的分子质量约为65 ku,其最适反应温度为55 ℃,在30～60 ℃范围内保持50%以上的活力;其最适反应pH为6.0,在pH 5.0～6.0范围内保持95%左右的酶活力;此外,Mn2+对其纤维素酶活力有明显的促进作用,而Cu2+、Mg2+、乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）对该酶活有较强的抑制作用。     

海洋源蛋白酶产生菌筛选及酶学特性的初步研究

从海洋源鱿鱼中筛选高产蛋白酶菌株。通过检测蛋白酶产生水解圈结合蛋白酶活性测定的方法筛选高产蛋白酶菌株,采用PCR技术对筛选菌株进行16S rRNA鉴定,并构建目的菌株的系统发育树,同时研究粗蛋白酶的酶学特性。结果表明:筛选得到的10株产蛋白酶活力较高的菌株,经鉴定分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、普罗威登斯菌属(Providencia sp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。其中SW5菌株产酶活性最高达257.67±2.44 U/mL,为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。该菌株所产粗蛋白酶的酶学特性研究发现,其最适pH为8.0,最适温度为40℃,终离子浓度为1 mmol/L时Mn2+、Ba2+和Ca2+对该蛋白酶活性有较高的激活作用,而Fe~(2+)和Zn~(2+)能明显抑制该蛋白酶活性。     

石屏臭豆腐来源的高产蛋白酶菌株筛选及酶学特性研究

目的:通过石屏臭豆腐产蛋白酶优势菌株发酵获得高产蛋白酶菌种资源。方法:采用单因素和响应面试验对培养基及发酵条件进行优化;以酪蛋白为底物,利用酶学技术探究了温度、pH、金属离子、有机化学试剂对JX-11菌株蛋白酶活性和稳定性的影响。结果:从石屏臭豆腐中分离1株高产蛋白酶的优势菌JX-11,经鉴定为彭尼普尔金黄杆菌(Chryseobacterium pennipullorum)。JX-11菌株最优产酶条件为温度23.0℃、葡萄糖添加量6.7 g/L、蛋白胨添加量15.0 g/L、pH 6.4,该条件下所产蛋白酶酶活力为(39.16±3.24) U/mL。JX-11菌株产蛋白酶的最适温度为30℃,在10～40℃范围内具有良好的稳定性;最适pH为7.0,在pH 6.0～9.0范围内具有良好的稳定性;Mn²⁺可显著提高JX-11蛋白酶的活性,相对空白组酶活力提升了4.33倍;Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、K⁺均抑制该酶活性,Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺无显...     

黑曲霉5143脂肪酶离子注入诱变及酶学性质的研究

以产脂肪酶菌株黑曲霉Aspergillus niger51-43为出发菌株,经氮离子注入技术对其进行诱变,筛选获得酶活力有较大提高且传代稳定的正突变菌株L7,其脂肪酶活力达29.17U/mL,较原初酶活力19.28U/mL提高了151.3%。在此基础上,对该酶的酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明,高产突变株L7所产脂肪酶的最适作用温度为30℃,最适作用pH8.0,在50℃和pH6.0～9.0之间有很好的稳定性。Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+对该酶有一定的激活作用,而Cu2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Zn2+则抑制该酶的活性。     

β-甘露聚糖酶产生菌的筛选和酶学性质研究

从土壤中分离筛选出5株产胞外β-甘露聚糖酶的菌株,其中DK3菌株的摇瓶培养液的酶活力达3.85U/mL。该酶水解葡甘露聚糖的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为6.0,pH稳定范围为5.0～9.0,在低于40℃的温度下基本稳定。Fe2+、Cu2+、EDTA和NH4+对该酶有抑制作用,Na+则有激活作用。     

高产酯化酶红曲菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究

该研究从研究室保藏的10株红曲霉菌株中筛选高产酯化酶菌株,通过分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并对其最适培养基进 行选择,最后对其所产的酯化酶酶学特性进行初步研究。结果表明,筛选获得一株高产酯化酶菌株X1,并被鉴定为血红红曲霉（Monascus sanguineus）。 其最适产酶培养基为可溶性淀粉70g/L,大豆蛋白胨20g/L,NaNO3 2 g/L,KH2PO4 1 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 2g/L, 初始pH值4.5。采用最优培养基,在30℃、180 r/min条件下发酵4d,酯化酶活力为315.19 U/mL。 该酯化酶的最适反应温度为40℃,在 25～35℃范围内稳定性较好;最适pH值为5.0,在pH为6.0时稳定性较高;金属离子Ca2+可提高该酯化酶活性,Mg2+、Fe2+、Na+和Ag+则有 不同程度抑制作用,且Ag+抑制作用最明显。     

一株高寒地区产纤维酶细菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究

从青海茶卡盐湖地区土壤中分离出一株产纤维素酶的细菌菌株,根据菌落形态特征以及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为琼斯氏菌属（Jonesia quinghaiensis sp.）。在25 ℃、初始pH值为7.0的发酵条件下,该菌株产酶量培养45 h达到最大值,发酵液酶活力为0.3 U/mL。酶学性质研究表明,该纤维素酶最适反应pH值为8.0,最适反应温度为35 ℃,在30～40 ℃的范围内保持60%以上的活性。金属离子Mn2+、Co2+和Cu2+对酶活力有较强的抑制作用,Ca2+具有显著的促进催化作用。     

内切型菊粉酶酶学性质的研究

以食品与生物工程实验中心酶工程实验室保藏的黑曲霉菌种作为菌源,利用黑曲霉细胞深层发酵法生产内切型菊粉酶。通过测定发酵液酶活,从20株黑曲霉菌株中筛选得到产菊粉酶活力最高的编号为E133131的一株黑曲霉菌株,酶活为0.66U/mL。对黑曲霉E133131号菌株所产内切型菊粉酶进行了酶学性质的研究,得到以下结论:最适pH为4.5;最适温度为60℃;最佳底物浓度为4mmol/L;米氏常数(Km)为1.434mmol/L;Ca2+对内切型菊粉酶有激活作用,当加入浓度为1.5mmol/L的Ca2+时,使酶活从0.66U/mL提高到1.09U/mL;Mn2+、Cu2+和Mg2+对内切型菊粉酶有抑制作用,其中Cu2+的抑制作用最大,使酶活从0.66U/mL降低到0.095U/mL;Na+、K+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Mg2+对内切型菊粉酶的酶活影响不大;pH在4.5~8.0范围内,温度在50~60℃之间,内切型菊粉酶的酶活力较稳定。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.