多组分表面活性剂复配对浮选法脱墨的影响

研究了多组分非离子表面活性剂复配对旧新闻纸浮选法脱墨效果的影响,主要探讨了非离子表面活性剂平平加(OS)、脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(Ninol)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)、吐温(Tween)以及双组分复配、三组分复配后的脱墨效果.实验结果显示运用三组分复配作为旧新闻纸的脱墨效果明显优于双组分复配,双组分复配的效果又好于单组分的表面活性荆,并探讨了熟化温度、浮选温度、碎浆时间、熟化时间以及浮选时间等因素对多组分表面活性剂脱墨剂脱墨效果的影响.     

环保型脱墨剂用于混合办公废纸脱墨的研究

将实验室合成的腰果酚聚氧乙烯醚(CPE)与其他市售表面活性剂复配使用制备环保高效脱墨剂,用于混合办公废纸浮选脱墨。研究其脱墨效果及最优工艺。实验结果表明:C PE对混合办公废纸有较好的脱墨效果,且具有良好的配伍性,与多种表面活性剂复配可以达到更好的效果。CPE与其他表面活性剂三组分复配使用时脱墨效果优于双组分使用,更优于CPE单独使用。当CPE/AEO-9/AES质量比为1∶1∶1时复配使用效果最好,脱墨浆白度达到90.45%ISO,油墨去除率达到91.96%,纸浆得率75.7%。最优脱墨工艺条件为:脱墨剂用量0.3%,碎浆时间30min,碎浆温度55℃,浮选时间20min,浮选温度50℃。     

表面活性剂在废纸脱墨中的应用

研究了四种表面活性剂的脱墨效果，选择出脱墨效果较好的三种表面活性剂由它们复配成双组分脱墨剂．从中优选出脱墨效果较佳的配方，并通过正交实验确定出了该脱墨剂脱墨的最佳工艺条件。     

废新闻纸中性脱墨剂的优选

本文研究了单组分非离子、不同非离子表面活性剂之间和非离子与阴离子表面活性剂之间的协同作用对废新闻纸中性脱墨的影响;以及无机盐对复配体系脱墨效果的影响.结果表明,单一组分A7对废新闻纸的脱墨和纤维性能的改善有良好的效果.A7和烷基硫酸盐的协同作用能取得更好的效果,且无机盐碳酸氢钠的加入可以更加明显地提高脱墨效率,脱墨浆的白度提高1.2%ISO.     

表面活性剂在浮选脱墨中的应用

阐述了表面活性剂在浮选法废纸脱墨中的应用.主要介绍了浮选法脱墨剂的要求以及表面活性剂在浮选脱墨中的作用原理、应用范围以及脱墨效果的影响.     

有机溶剂对废新闻纸脱墨性能的作用

研究了有机溶剂（乙二醇单丁醚）对废新闻纸脱墨效果的影响，同时研究了在乙二醇单丁醚和水混合体系中废新闻纸的脱墨工艺条件及其影响因素。探讨了乙二醇单丁醚用量、脱墨剂用量、NaOH用量、H2O2用量、温度和熟化时间几个因素对纸浆白度的影响。比较了废新闻纸在乙二醇单丁醚和水混合体系和水体系中的脱墨效果。结果表明，乙二醇单丁醚能有效提高废新闻纸的脱墨效果。     

废报纸脱墨剂的研制

本文研究了 T- 80、油酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、乙氧基脂肪醇等表面活性剂在废旧新闻纸脱墨中的应用效果,从中筛选出脱墨效果较好的表面活性剂,由它们组成复配脱墨剂,发挥各组分在脱墨中的协同作用.并考察了不同配比条件下的脱墨效果,开发出了 TM系列脱墨剂.     

漆酶用于废纸脱墨的研究

利用两种来源不同的漆酶对废新闻纸进行脱墨研究,分析其脱墨效果并进行对比,得出1号漆酶能获得更优的脱墨效果.最佳的脱墨工艺为:首先预浸泡废新闻纸2h(温度40℃,pH值7.0,漆酶用量20IU/g),然后加入一定量脱墨剂碎解25min,最后浮选15min.结果表明,在此条件下漂白浆的白度达58.1%ISO,裂断长2.31km,撕裂指数为7.33 mN·m2·g-1,ERIC为332.1mg·kg-1,尘埃度(PPM)为10左右.     

新型表面活性剂在废报纸脱墨中的应用

研究了新型表面活性剂十二烷基糖苷在浮选脱墨工艺中的应用。对碎浆转数、碎浆温度、碎浆浓度等因素对脱墨效果的影响进行了分析。最终,确定废新闻纸浮选法脱墨比较适宜的工艺条件为:碎浆时,氢氧化钠:1.5%、硅酸钠:3%、过氧化氢:2%、表面活性剂:0.4%、EDTA:0.2%、碎浆转数50000转、碎浆浓度:4%、温度:60℃;浮选时,浮选浓度:0.5%、表面活性剂:0.4%、浮选时间:15min、洗涤采用80目铜网洗涤一次、洗涤浓度:0.5%,其中表面活性剂为十二烷基糖苷、十二烷基苯磺酸钠按1:1复配得到。     

ONP/OMG浮选-洗涤脱墨剂的研究

讨论了不同类型非离子表面活性剂的浮选-洗涤脱墨性能及脱墨效果最佳的HLB值.确定了以脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯(PEE)与脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚(PAE)为主要成分的脱墨剂的组成,并研究了促集剂和阴离子表面活性剂对脱墨效果的影响.实验结果表明,PEE和PAE具有良好的协同脱墨性能,PEE-6和PAE-2以60:40复配时脱墨效果最好;10%油酸钾作为促集剂有助于脱墨效果的提高.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the