太阳能热泵供热系统的实验研究

开发新能源和节能是寻求能源出路的两大重要途径，太阳能热泵供热系统以其显著的节能性和环保性具有广阔的发展前景。该文简单介绍了太阳能热泵供热系统实验台及实验台测试系统的建设，着重介绍了太阳能热泵冬季供暖工况的实验研究，考察了系统的整体供热性能及主要设备的工作性能。根据实验研究的结果，提出了有关系统设计方面的参考数据。     

严寒地区多源互补清洁供热系统研究现状及展望

为了解决严寒地区供热结构单一及远离城市集中供热的建筑供暖问题,实现热泵及太阳能清洁能源的推广应用,对近年来严寒地区清洁供热系统的研究与应用进行总结,分析目前存在的主要问题。在研究总结空气源热泵、土壤源热泵、太阳能集热器及多热源联合运行方案及节能效益的基础上,探讨严寒地区多源互补供热系统的构建基本思想,为今后该地区热泵与太阳能供热系统设计和应用提供参考。     

太阳能/地热能/热泵综合实验台研制

针对暖通空调领域的实验教学和科研需要,设计开发一套太阳能/地热能/热泵综合实验台。该实验台的特色在于通过阀门之间的简单切换即可实现多种运行工况:太阳能供热实验、太阳能热泵供热实验、土壤源热泵供冷/供热实验以及几种系统综合运行实验。运行过程中还可根据实验需要选择多种末端形式,并可实时采集并保存综合实验台各个数据,为进行创新性、综合性、研究性实验提供互动平台。     

太阳能与复叠式高温空气源热泵联合供热系统应用

设计一套太阳能与空气源热泵联合供热系统，出水温度为80～90℃。通过对太阳能集热器和空气源热泵产品性能进行比较，选择集热效率高的中温型太阳能集热器和双级压缩复叠式空气源热泵，并对两种热源并联的供热系统进行详细的控制逻辑设计。以泰国CPC太阳能热水项目为例，对供热系统的稳定运行情况和节能效果进行验证。项目地辐照资源好，联合供热系统运行稳定、效果良好。     

太阳能与土壤源耦合供暖系统的实验研究

在分析太阳能、土壤源热泵及联合供热特点的基础上,研究了太阳能热泵独立系统、土壤源耦合热泵系统运行模式的制热性能和节能效果,建立了太阳能蓄能-热泵耦合热泵系统的供暖模式及优化模型.通过采暖季初期的太阳能蓄能、供暖,土壤源热泵独立供暖及太阳能-土壤源耦合热泵供热的实验研究,验证了太阳能-土壤源耦合热泵供暖模式的可行性和经济...     

太阳能辅助的双源耦合热泵系统制热特性研究

传统空气源热泵在较低环境温度下存在制热量不足和制热效率偏低问题,该文提出一种太阳能辅助的双源双压缩耦合热泵系统,通过集热器将太阳能转化为低温热水以构建太阳能水源热泵单元,利用2台压缩机和1台冷凝器实现太阳能水源热泵单元和空气源热泵单元并联耦合工作。太阳能水源热泵单元和空气源热泵单元既能各自独立运行又能同时运行以满足用户全天候热负荷需求。基于DeST软件评估一个供热期(120 d)郑州某建筑逐时热负荷特性。在建立热力学数学模型基础上编写程序进行新系统循环特性计算和能耗分析,结果表明:双源耦合热泵系统COP_h较传统空气源热泵明显升高;前者日节能率介于1.01%～14.75%之间,在整个供热期总能耗较后者减少8.72%。双源(空气源蒸发器和水源蒸发器)双压缩机并联流程耦合热泵比双源单压缩机串联流程耦合热泵更具有节能优势。     

太阳能、热泵辅助燃气供热系统实验研究

搭建了太阳能、热泵辅助燃气的供热系统测试平台,对太阳能辅助燃气供热系统、热泵辅助燃气供热系统以及太阳能、热泵辅助燃气供热系统的热性能进行测试,并对三种供热系统的经济环境效益进行分析.试验结果表明,试验条件下,三种供热系统的修正后一次能源利用率分别为93.3％、92.8％、103.9％,与燃气供热系统相比,节能率分别为3...     

复合热源太阳能热泵供热系统及其性能模拟

提出了一种复合热源太阳能热泵供热系统,通过阀门切换,可根据不同的天气状况改变运行模式,以空气和太阳辐射作为热源制取供暖用水。针对所设计的10kW供热系统,建立了系统的数学模型,对热泵串联集热器(SC+HP)及集热器串联热泵(H+SC)两种运行模式下的循环性能进行了计算机模拟分析,并计算了系统的全年运行状况。从模拟结果可以看出,在模拟进水温度区间内,HP+SC模式下热泵COP较高,最高比SC+HP模式高2.58%;而SC+HP模式集热器热性能较好,总热效率更高,最高比HP+SC模式高2.62%。     

空气式PCM太阳能热泵供暖系统实验研究与分析

为实现太阳能高效利用,将相变储能材料(PCM)、空气式太阳能集热器和热泵系统结合,设计了空气式PCM太阳能热泵供暖系统,并对该系统的运行模式进行研究和理论分析。结果表明,在四种不同运行工况下,室内平均温度均可维持在298 K,可满足采暖需求;平均太阳能辐射强度为556.7 W/m~2时,集热器可为室内持续供暖10 h,日平均集热效率可达36.4%;相变储能芯储存的热量可维持热泵高效运行4 h,热泵的平均能效比(COP)可达3.1;阴雨天热泵可提供室内总供热量的92.6%,平均COP为2.6。系统整体运行稳定,节能效果显著。     

太阳能-热泵木材干燥系统

一干燥系统原理太阳能 热泵木材干燥系统主要由四部分组成 ,即太阳能加热系统、干燥室、热泵除湿机（干燥机）和微机监测与控制系统。木材干燥系统的供热与湿空气的排湿由太阳能加热系统和热泵除湿机二者配合起来完成。二者既可单独使用 ,也可联合使用。如果天气晴好 ,气温高 ,则可单独使用太阳能加热系统 ;天气不好或夜间 ,即可由干燥机来承担木材干燥的供热与除湿任务。太阳集热器为拼装式平板型空气集热器 ,它采取阵列形式布置 ,可以根据需要拼装成任何采光面积 ,安装维修都很方便 ;干燥室为金属型结构 ,外砌砖墙 ,内贴铝板 ,中间衬以保…     

The energy saving obtainable with solar heating and heat pumps in a northern climate

The energy saving obtainable with active solar heating and heat pumps has been studied for several years in the Northern climate of Finland. The studies deal mainly with small houses. A computer program is developed which calculates hour by hour the annual energy balance of different heating systems. The performance, of the heating systems are also measured in inhabited houses. The calculations show that the useful solar energy obtainable from the collector is 50–400 kWh/m² annually depending on the system and the collector size. A heat pump in the system is very advantageous, because it keeps the heat losses low and the collector efficiency high. It approximately doubles the energy obtainable. The measurement results have not been as good as expected. The solar energy obtained from the collector has been 120–160 kWh/m² annually. The main reasons for the low solar energy are design and equipment faults and the shading effects. The best energy saving device is the earth heat pump. It is also therefore very advantageous that the peak power demand decreases markedly. When the area of the earth pipes is large enough, energy may be extracted from earth through the whole year. The annual coefficient of performance is 2–3. Also a heat pump which extracts heat from exhaust air in dwelling houses has been very promising.     

太阳能-空气源热泵联合干燥系统设计及干燥枸杞的实验研究

为缩短枸杞干燥时间,提高干制枸杞的质量,减少能源消耗,本文提出了一种新型太阳能–空气源热泵联合干燥系统。该系统主要由太阳能集热器和空气源热泵机组等设备组成,可以实现太阳能单独干燥、热泵单独干燥和太阳能–空气源热泵联合干燥三种工作模式。本文根据枸杞的干燥特性,分段设定最佳的干燥温度,进行了热泵单独运行和太阳能–热泵联合运行两种工作模式下干燥枸杞的对比实验。结果表明,干燥50 kg枸杞,太阳能–热泵联合运行比热泵单独运行节省了2.9 kW?h电能,若同时除去系统本身的耗能,节省的电能占热泵单独运行耗电量的29.5%。同时,与太阳能单独干燥相比,太阳能–热泵联合干燥具有较高的除湿能耗比,两者最大差值为0.71 kg/(kW?h)。本文提出的太阳能–热泵联合干燥系统具有提高干燥产品的品质、缩短干燥时间和节约干燥成本等优点,适宜推广。     

太阳能-土壤源热泵联合供暖系统优化研究

针对严寒地区的气候条件,选取哈尔滨地区某居民住宅小区作为研究对象,利用TRNSYS软件对太阳能-土壤源热泵联合供暖系统(SGCHP)进行计算分析。结果表明:太阳能-土壤源热泵联合供暖系统中太阳能集热器对热泵机组的进水温度和COP以及节电量等方面有改善作用;对太阳能-土壤源热泵联合供暖系统中太阳能集热器面积与地埋管管长的最佳配比的优化结果表明,1 m~2太阳能集热器可保证17～27 m长的地埋管取热平衡。并继续模拟了沈阳地区,并以哈尔滨地区为基准,给出严寒地区该参数的推荐值。     

A thermodynamic model of a solar assisted heat pump system with energy storage

In this study, a thermodynamic model of a solar assisted heat pump system with energy storage was developed. The model consists of thermodynamic correlations concerning the fundamental equipment in the system such as solar collector, energy storage tank, compressor, condenser and evaporator. Some model parameters of the system were calculated by using experimental results obtained from a pilot plant. Simulation studies were performed to assess the importance of some design factors on the system performance and economy.     

直膨式太阳能热泵运行特性的实验研究

对直接膨胀式太阳能热泵热水系统进行了实验研究,实验期间,太阳能辐照度变化范围为143.12~664.6 W/m2,分别采用三种不同结构的集热器和蒸发器,得出系统COP为2.49~3.47,表明该系统在各种天气情况下均能够可靠地生产45℃的生活热水,热性能稳定,可以全天候地提供生活热水且具有节能效果;同时选取双集热器的两组数据,分析了太阳辐照度对热泵系统运行的影响。     

太阳能热泵系统的试验研究与分析

为研究以太阳能为低温热源的供热运行特点,建立了太阳能热泵系统试验台及试验台测量系统,使用数据分析软件处理不同工况下的试验数据,分析了蒸发和冷凝温度对吸热量、制热量、压缩机状态、系统COP的影响。结果表明,太阳能热泵系统在运行期间节能效果明显,蒸发温度的增大有利于提高太阳能热泵系统的工作性能。     

太阳能地源热泵式空调系统研究

提出了太阳能地源热泵式空调系统的概念,研究了该系统的工作原理。对热管式太阳能集热器和地源热泵的热力计算方法进行了理论分析;结合工程实例,介绍了太阳能地源热泵式空调系统的设计思路和运行方式。     

A computational model of a domestic solar heating system with underground spherical thermal storage

This theoretical study deals with a domestic heating system assisted by solar energy stored in an underground spherical container. The system includes a heat pump. The analytical model employed calculates the water temperature in the storage vessel, as well as the temperature distribution in the surrounding geological structure, by using the monthly-average solar radiation and ambient temperature. Storage temperature, collector efficiency, performance coefficient of the heat pump (COP) and annual solar fraction are computed and presented in various graphs. The importance of seasonal solar energy storing in the ground is demonstrated.     

Energy analysis and modeling of a solar assisted house heating system with a heat pump and an underground energy storage tank

An analytical model is presented and analyzed to predict the long term performance of a solar assisted house heating system with a heat pump and an underground spherical thermal energy storage tank. The system under investigation consists of a house, a heat pump, solar collectors and a storage tank. The present analytical model is based on a proper coupling of the individual energy models for the house, the heat pump, useful solar energy gain, and the transient heat transfer problem for the thermal energy storage tank. The transient heat transfer problem outside the energy storage tank is solved using a similarity transformation and Duhamel’s superposition principle. A computer code based on the present model is used to compute the performance parameters for the system under investigation. Results from the present study indicate that an operational time span of 5–7 years will be necessary before the system under investigation can attain an annually periodic operating condition. Results also indicate a decrease in the annually minimum value of the storage tank temperature with a decrease in the energy storage tank size and/or solar collector area.     

Thermal performance of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump

A direct expansion solar assisted heat pump, in which a bare flat plate collector also acts as the evaporator for the refrigerant, Freon-12, is designed and operated. The system components, e.g. the collector and the compressor, are properly matched so as to result in system operating conditions wherein the collector/evaporator temperature ranges from 0 to 10°C above ambient temperature under favorable solar conditions. This operating temperature range is particularly favorable to improved heat pump and solar collector performance. The system thermal performance is determined by measuring refrigerant flow rate, temperature and pressure at various points in the system. The heat pump COP_H and the solar collector efficiency ranged from 2.0 to 3.0 and from 40 to 70 per cent, respectively, for widely ranging ambient and operating conditions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system offers significant advantage in terms of superior thermal performance when compared with results gotten by replacing the solar evaporator with a standard outdoor fan-coil unit.