太阳能热泵供热系统实验台的设计及误差分析

开发新能源和节能是寻找能源出路的两大途径,太阳能热泵系统以其显著的节能性和环保性具有广阔的发展前景。介绍了太阳能热泵供热实验台集热器、蓄热器等设备的设计,分析了集热器集热效率的测试误差,指出太阳能热泵供热实验台测试数据准确、可靠,为太阳能热泵供热系统的设计、安装和运行提供了有价值的参考依据。     

太阳能与土壤源耦合供暖系统的实验研究

在分析太阳能、土壤源热泵及联合供热特点的基础上,研究了太阳能热泵独立系统、土壤源耦合热泵系统运行模式的制热性能和节能效果,建立了太阳能蓄能-热泵耦合热泵系统的供暖模式及优化模型.通过采暖季初期的太阳能蓄能、供暖,土壤源热泵独立供暖及太阳能-土壤源耦合热泵供热的实验研究,验证了太阳能-土壤源耦合热泵供暖模式的可行性和经济...     

太阳能/地热能/热泵综合实验台研制

针对暖通空调领域的实验教学和科研需要,设计开发一套太阳能/地热能/热泵综合实验台。该实验台的特色在于通过阀门之间的简单切换即可实现多种运行工况:太阳能供热实验、太阳能热泵供热实验、土壤源热泵供冷/供热实验以及几种系统综合运行实验。运行过程中还可根据实验需要选择多种末端形式,并可实时采集并保存综合实验台各个数据,为进行创新性、综合性、研究性实验提供互动平台。     

太阳能热泵系统的试验研究与分析

为研究以太阳能为低温热源的供热运行特点,建立了太阳能热泵系统试验台及试验台测量系统,使用数据分析软件处理不同工况下的试验数据,分析了蒸发和冷凝温度对吸热量、制热量、压缩机状态、系统COP的影响。结果表明,太阳能热泵系统在运行期间节能效果明显,蒸发温度的增大有利于提高太阳能热泵系统的工作性能。     

太阳能、热泵辅助燃气供热系统实验研究

搭建了太阳能、热泵辅助燃气的供热系统测试平台,对太阳能辅助燃气供热系统、热泵辅助燃气供热系统以及太阳能、热泵辅助燃气供热系统的热性能进行测试,并对三种供热系统的经济环境效益进行分析.试验结果表明,试验条件下,三种供热系统的修正后一次能源利用率分别为93.3％、92.8％、103.9％,与燃气供热系统相比,节能率分别为3...     

太阳能热泵供热水系统的实验研究

在青岛地区建立一套太阳能热泵实验系统，此系统可以完成冬季太阳能热泵供暖(启动热泵)和非采暖季太阳能直接供热水实验。进行了太阳能热泵冬季供暖的实验研究，测得热泵机组的平均供热系数COP＝2．71。     

太阳能与热泵联合干燥木材的优化匹配

介绍了太阳能与热泵联合干燥系统的组成与工作原理.通过理论分析与实验研究探讨了太阳能与热泵联合运行的优化匹配,当太阳能供热量能满足木材干燥所需热量时,由太阳能系统供热;否则由太阳能与热采联合供热;阴雨天和夜间由热泵供热.当太阳能送风温度低,但高于环境温度时,低温太阳能向热泵送风,可以提高热泵的供热系数和供热量.对应于一定的环境温度,太阳能向热泵送风有一个相匹配的最低温差.例如当环境温度为24℃时,通过理论和实验求得太阳能向热泵送风与环境温度间的最低送风温差分别为4℃和6℃.     

严寒地区多源互补清洁供热系统研究现状及展望

为了解决严寒地区供热结构单一及远离城市集中供热的建筑供暖问题,实现热泵及太阳能清洁能源的推广应用,对近年来严寒地区清洁供热系统的研究与应用进行总结,分析目前存在的主要问题。在研究总结空气源热泵、土壤源热泵、太阳能集热器及多热源联合运行方案及节能效益的基础上,探讨严寒地区多源互补供热系统的构建基本思想,为今后该地区热泵与太阳能供热系统设计和应用提供参考。     

新型太阳能光伏-环路热管/热泵热水系统

以太阳能、环路热管与热泵技术为基础,研究一种新型太阳能光伏-环路热管/热泵热水(PV-LHP/HPWH)系统用以制取生活热水。通过数学建模模拟和室外实验验证相结合的方法,分析3种运行模式下系统典型工况及长期运行性能,并对主要结构及运行参数的影响进行分析。分析结果显示,系统的太阳能光热利用效率与传统PV/T热水系统可比,年均太阳能供热百分比为50.9%,日均供电比例为13.7%。与传统电加热方式相比,该系统节能率达71.3%。     

太阳能热泵低温地板辐射供暖系统的研究与展望

太阳能热泵低温地板辐射采暖系统是以太阳能热泵为热源,以地板辐射采暖系统为末端装置的新型供暖系统.本文综述了太阳能热泵在国内外的研究与应用,并阐述了太阳能热泵低温地板辐射供暖系统的工作原理及在国内的研究现状.分析了该系统的特点,结果表明该系统是一种舒适、经济和节能的理想供热系统.本文还探讨了该系统在当前的应用中尚待解决的问题.     

太阳能热泵供暖系统的热经济性分析

基于有限时间热力学理论和集热器线性热损失模型,建立了太阳能热泵供暖系统的热力学模型,并对该系统进行了热经济分析.研究在给定供热率和初投资的约束条件下,以系统的供热系数COHF,作为热经济性目标函数,得出了在目标函数取最大时系统最佳的运行性能系数和设计参数.同时还研究了初投资对系统运行以及设计参数的影响,得出了对应给定供热率系统的最佳初投资及其相应的设计参数.     

Study on a direct‐expansion solar‐assisted heat pump water heating system

Analytical and experimental studies were performed on a direct‐expansion solar‐assisted heat pump (DX‐SAHP) water heating system, in which a 2 m² bare flat collector acts as a source as well as an evaporator for the refrigerant. A simulation model was developed to predict the long‐term thermal performance of the system approximately. The monthly averaged COP was found to vary between 4 and 6, while the collector efficiency ranged from 40 to 60%. The simulated results were used to obtain an optimum design of the system and to determinate a proper strategy for system operating control. The effect of various parameters, including solar insolation, ambient temperature, collector area, storage volume and speed of compressor, had been investigated on the thermal performance of the DX‐SAHP system, and the results had indicated that the system performance is governed strongly by the change of solar insolation, collector area and speed of compressor. The experimental results obtained under winter climate conditions were shown to agree reasonably with the computer simulation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于动态分布参数模型的光伏太阳能热泵系统的数值模拟

采用分布参数法,根据平衡均相流理论,建立了光伏太阳能热泵(PV-SAHP)系统的动态分布参数模型.通过数值模拟对系统在动态工况下的光电光热性能进行研究.研究结果显示PV-SAHP系统具备优越的光电光热性能,系统的COP为3.1-5.8,全天的平均值为4.8,明显高于普通的风冷热泵;系统光电转换效率为12.38%-13.31%;系统全天的平均光电功率为375W,相当于系统平均功耗(474.8W)的79%.对模拟结果进行对比分析后发现系统光电光热性能主要由太阳辐照强度所决定,并受环境温度的影响.     

太阳能-土壤源热泵耦合系统及其地埋管系统

建立了太阳能-土壤源热泵耦合型热水系统实验平台,研究了在秋冬季不同运行条件下该系统的运行特性,分析了地下埋管系统中钻孔回填材料、U型管工作模式、套管内循环液流动模式、套管外管与内管的导热系数比等对系统制热效果的影响。研究表明,太阳能土壤源热泵系统在国内亚热带地区可以获得良好的应用,并给出了埋地换热器的合理形式。     

Potential application of solar thermal systems for hot water production in Hong Kong

This paper presents the evaluation results of conventional solar water heater (SWH) systems and solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) systems for hot water production in Hong Kong. An economic comparison and global warming impact analysis are conducted among the two kinds of solar thermal systems and traditional water heating systems (i.e. electric water heaters and towngas water heaters). The economic comparison results show that solar thermal systems have greater economic benefits than traditional water heating systems. In addition, conventional SWH systems are comparable with the SAHP systems when solar fractions are above 50%. Besides, analysis on the sensitivity of the total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) indicates that the towngas boosted SWH system has the greatest potential in greenhouse gas emission reduction with various solar collector areas and the electricity boosted SWH system has the comparative TEWI with the SAHP systems if its solar fraction is above 50%. As for SAHP systems, the solar assisted air source heat pump (SA-ASHP) system has the least global warming impact. Based on all investigation results, suggestions are given on the selection of solar thermal systems for applications in Hong Kong.     

利用第二类吸收式热泵回收地热余热的模拟研究

根据溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵系统的传热、传质平衡以及各部件的传热关系,建立了系统的稳态数学模型,分析了系统主要参数对系统性能的影响。提出了利用第二类吸收式热泵回收地热余热的方案;利用模拟计算得出了相应的设计参数。对第二类吸收式热泵系统的模拟分析以及仿真编写了软件,并且对设计参数下的机组系统进行了仿真模拟,以观察主要参数的变化对机组运行的影响。     

Economic comparison of solar-assisted heat pumps

A study of the economic performance of a solar system, air-to-air heat pumps, and several solar-assisted heat pump systems (SAHP) for residential heating is presented. The study is based on a computer simulation which is supported by monitoring data from an existing installation, the Terrosi-Grumman house in Quechee, Vermont. Three different SAHP configurations as well as conventional solar and air-to-air heat pump systems are evaluated for a northern New England climate. All systems are evaluated both with and without a peak/off-peak electricity price differential.

The SAHP systems are: (1) the series system in which the solar storage serves as the energy source for the heat pump, (2) the series off-peak system in which the heat pump in the series system operates only during certain periods of the day under a special electric rate structure, (3) a parallel system in which the environment is the source for both the collector and the heat pump, and (4) a peak/off-peak parallel system in which oil is operated during the period of peak electricity price. Hybrid air-to-air heat pump/oil systems are also evaluated.

For all alternatives, two different economic analyses are used: (1) the rate of return which emphasizes the return earned on the capital investment, and (2) the life cycle critical price which compares the current capital cost to the present worth of the stream of all future energy savings.

Both economic measures select the air-to-air heat pump/on-peak oil system when there is a peak/off-peak electricity price differential. (In this case the ratio of off-peak to average price is 40 per cent.) When there is no price differential, the air-to-air heat pump/oil system is still preferred, but the oil system is now operated when the ambient temperature falls below −6.7°C (20°F). When the electricity price is doubled (from 19.5 to 40$/GJ), solar/oil is the preferred system.     

Thermal performance of a solar-assisted heat pump drying system with thermal energy storage tank and heat recovery unit

Thermal performance parameters for a solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) drying system with underground thermal energy storage (TES) tank and heat recovery unit (HRU) are investigated in this study. The SAHP drying system is made up of a drying unit, a heat pump, flat plate solar collectors, an underground TES tank, and HRU. An analytical model is developed to obtain the performance parameters of the drying system by using the solution of heat transfer problem around the TES tank and energy expressions for other components of the drying system. These parameters are coefficient of performances for the heat pump (COP) and system (COPs), specific moisture evaporation rate (SMER), temperature of water in the TES tank, and energy fractions for energy charging and extraction from the system. A MATLAB program has been prepared using the expressions for the drying system. The obtained results for COP, COPs, and SMER are 5.55, 5.28, and 9.25, respectively, by using wheat mass flow rate of 100 kg h⁻¹, Carnot efficiency of 40%, collector area of 100 m², and TES tank volume of 300 m³ when the system attains periodic operation duration in fifth year onwards for 10 years of operation. Annual energy saving is 21.4% in comparison with the same system without using HRU for the same input data.     

Transient simulation of a capacity-modulated, direct-expansion, solar-assisted heat pump

The long-term thermal performance of a direct-expansion, solar-assisted heat pump is determined from the transient simulation of the system. The system employs a bare collector that also acts as the heat pump evaporator. Of particular interest in this study is the configuration in which the compressor and the collector area are properly matched from the long-term thermal performance point of view. This matching is achieved through multistep as well as two-step compressor capacity modulation. In addition to examining the effects of compressor capacity modulation, the effects of various system parameters such as collector area, storage volume, load temperature, wind speed, collector slope, and refrigerant properties are also studied in detail.Monthly averaged thermal performance parameters such as the heat pump system coefficient of performance are determined by executing a computer simulation program that uses the typical meterological year (TMY) solar data for Norfolk, Virginia. Results indicate that the system performance is governed strongly by collector area, compressor RPM, load temperature, and refrigerant properties. The remaining parameters have only weak influence on the long-term system performance of direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) system considered in this study.     

非接触式汽液固系统储换热性能的实验研究

报道了非接触式汽液固（ＧＡＬＩＳＯＬ）系统储换热性能的实验装置、工作原理及实验研究结果，展示了ＧＡＬＩＳＯＬ系统储换热的良好性能，探索了该系统的工作极限条件，为该系统的理论模拟及系统设计和性能优化打下了基础。