采用锥形股骨柄生物学固定对高龄患者行全髋置换术后的骨改建及临床疗效

Objective To investigate periprosthetic femoral shaft remodeling with tapered femoral stems after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for elderly patients and evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes.Methods The study involved 30 elderly (70-90 years) patients (34 hips) treated with femoral shaft remodeling with tapered stems after THA from January 2003 to January 2005. The postoperative X-ray images were collected and perioperative periprosthetic bone mineral density was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The Harris score was applied in follow-up observation, and Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the working life of the femoral prosthesis. Results Four patients were died of lung cancer. The remaining 26 patients ( 30 hips) were followed up for 5-7 years ( mean, six years). The postoperative X-ray measurements showed that total hip prosthesis subsidences were less than 1.5 mm within one year in 12 hips, with no prosthesis loosening observed. Bone proliferations were seen in Gruen zones 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 12, and bone resorptions were seen in zones l and 7. DEXA showed that bone mineral density was increased in Gruen zones 2,3,4 and 5, but decreased mainly in Gruen zones 1,6 and 7. The increase of bone mineral density in zones 2 and 5 was faster compared to other sites six months after the operation ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and the change of bone mineral density was prone to be stable in two years ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Within one year after initial implantation, periprosthetic bone mineral density was significantly decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Two years after the operation, rare changes of periprosthetic bone mineral density were found ( P ＞ 0.05 ), with only regional redistribution of bone mass from the proximal to the distal femur. The Harris score of hip joint function was increased from preoperative 38.56 ± 8.21 to 86.32 ± 6. 01 at the final follow-up. The 6-year survival rate of the prosthesis was 100%. Conclusion Femoral shaft remodeling with tapered stems after total hip arthroplasty for the elderly patients shows good periprosthetic bone remodeling and satisfactory mid-term clinical results.     

重型颅脑创伤后脑疝伴失血性休克救治策略

Objective To explore emergency treatment strategies for the patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe traumatic brain injury and their effect on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 54 patients (study group) with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock treated with selective treatment strategies from May 2006 to May 2009. Another 48 patients with the same injuries treated with no selective treatment strategies from April 2003 to April 2006 were used as control group. The mortality within one week and the GOS six months after injury were compared in two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in aspects of sex, age, injury mechanism, GCS and blood loss in both groups (P＞0.05). Thirteen patients died in the study group within the first week, with mortality rate of 24.1%. While 16 patients died in the control group at the first week, with mortality rate of 33.3% (P＜0.05). GOS half year after injury in the study group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early selective treatment strategy based on degree of shock may obtain better outcome for patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe brain injury.     

93例同期双侧人工全髋关节置换术回顾性分析

目的 回顾性分析93例双侧同期人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中及术后并发症、术后功能恢复情况.方法 1999年1月-2009年1月,总共随访到93例(186髋)患者行同期双侧THA,其中男70例,女23例;年龄25～65岁,平均41.8岁.双侧股骨头缺血坏死(ONFH)48例,发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)合并骨关节炎26例,双侧类风湿性髋关节炎(RA)11例,强直性脊柱炎(AS)8例.统汁所有患者术中失血量,术前及末次随访Harris评分,术中及术后并发症.结果 93例患者平均随访时间65个月(12～118个月).其中1例(1髋)术中发生股骨骨折,1例(1髋)出院后6个月发生感染.Harris评分从术前的(36.7±6.1)分增加到末次随访的(91.2±6.2)分.92例患者疼痛消失,X线评估无假体松动;1例(1髋)术后49个月发牛髋臼侧假体松动行翻修术.结论 严格掌握手术适应证,合理选择并按标准程序安装假体,注重围术期处理和康复训练,行同期双侧THA是双侧髋关节疾病既安全又有效的选择.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively study the perioperative complications and postoperative function recovery of 93 patients treated with simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods A total of 93 patients (186 hips) undergone simultaneous bilateral THA from January 1999 to January 2009 in our hospital were involved in this study. There were 70 males and 23 females (at age range of 25-65 years, average 41. 8 years). The preoperative diagnosis included bilateral avascular necrosis of femoral head in 48 patients, rheumatoid arthritis in 11, developmental dysplasia of the hip in 26 and ankylosing spondylitis in 8. The intraoperative blood loss, Harris scores before operation and at final followup as well as perioperative complications were analyzed. Results All the patients were followed up for average 65 months (12-118 months), which showed femur fracture in one patient and infection six months after discharge in one patient. The Harris score was increased from (36.7 ±6.1) points preoperatively to (91.2±6.2) points at the final follow-up. Hip pain disappeared in 92 patients after operation and radiograph showed no loosening. Actebular loosening occurred in one patient 49 months after operation and was revised accordingly. Conclusion Under strict control of operation indications, suitable choice and implantation of the prosthesis and emphasis on perioperative management and postoperative rehabilitation, simultaneous bilateral THA is a safe and effective choice for bilateral hip diseases.     

重型颅脑创伤后脑疝伴失血性休克救治策略

Objective To explore emergency treatment strategies for the patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe traumatic brain injury and their effect on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 54 patients (study group) with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock treated with selective treatment strategies from May 2006 to May 2009. Another 48 patients with the same injuries treated with no selective treatment strategies from April 2003 to April 2006 were used as control group. The mortality within one week and the GOS six months after injury were compared in two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in aspects of sex, age, injury mechanism, GCS and blood loss in both groups (P＞0.05). Thirteen patients died in the study group within the first week, with mortality rate of 24.1%. While 16 patients died in the control group at the first week, with mortality rate of 33.3% (P＜0.05). GOS half year after injury in the study group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early selective treatment strategy based on degree of shock may obtain better outcome for patients with brain hernia combined with hemorrhagic shock after severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者血清血栓调节蛋白和血管性假血友病因子动态变化及其临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of thrombomodulin (TM) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) and their clinical significance in patients with severe brain injury. Methods The study involved 62 patients with severe brain injury who were divided into diffuse axonal injury group (28 patients) and focal brain injury group (34 patients). Then, the 62 patients were divided into young group (16-30 years old, 20 patients), middle-aged group (31-65 years old, 20 patients) and elderly group ( ＞65 years old, 22 patients). The serum levels of TM and vWf were determined at days 1 and 7 after injury respectively. ELISA method was employed to determine the serum levels of TM and vWf.Results The vWf in focal brain injury group was significantly higher than that of diffuse axonal injury group at days 1-7 after injury ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with the young and middle-aged groups, the TM and vWf levels in the elderly group at day 1 after injury were significantly elevated ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The TM levels in patients with delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma (DTICH) were significantly higher than that in patients without DTICH (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions In the acute stage of severe brain injury,injury severity and activation of endothelial cells varies in patients with different types of injury and at different ages. TM is one of sensitive indicators to reflect the cerebal vascular endothelial cell injury. It is very meaningful to assess the prognosis of severe brain injury by measuring serum levels of TM and vWf and take TM as a predictive indicator for DTICH.     

儿童骨筋膜间隔综合征的手术切口选择

目的 探讨大直切口和网状切口治疗儿童骨筋膜间隔综合征(osteofascial compartment syndrome,OCS)中的临床疗效.方法 2000年1月-2009年5月共收治保守治疗无效的56例儿童OCS,部位主要是前臂、小腿.OCS患儿均早期行网状切口切开减压,合并骨折者Ⅰ期复位骨折并行外支架固定或Ⅱ期切开复位固定.同期收治在外院已行大切口切开减压的OCS患儿21例(包括地震伤患儿13例),给予创面换药,经1～5周感染控制后直接缝合或植皮愈合创口,所有创面均进行细菌培养.合并骨折者均Ⅱ期切开复位固定.结果 采用网状切口治疗的56例患儿切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染,不需植皮,无感觉功能障碍等后遗症.在外院行大切口的21例患儿16例培养出细菌(地震伤13例),5例有神经损伤,包括桡神经2例和腓总神经3例,其中对4例神经被完全或部分切断患儿行神经吻合修复术,术后症状有好转.切口直接缝合9例,植皮愈合12例,切口平均约3周愈合.术后平均随访5.6年,参照中华医学会手外科学会手部功能评定试用标准,两组患儿无爪形手足畸形发生,总优良率分别约98%和95%.结论 大切口和网状切口均可用于治疗儿童早期OCS,而网状切口更方便,操作简单,并发症少.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of long incision and reticular incision in the treatment of osteofascial compartment syndrome(OCS)in children.Methods The study involved 56 children with OCS who met failure of the conservative treatment.The injury sites included mainly the forearm and the leg.All the children underwent decompression by a small reticular incision procedure from January 2000 to May 2009.The fractures were treated with one stage reduction and fixation or second stage open reduction.Meanwhile,the study involved another 21 children(including 13 earthquake victims)who were treated with long incision for open decompression in the other hospitals before admission.All the wounds were healed by direct suture or dermatoplasty after 1-5 weeks of infection control.Bacterial culture was performed in all the wounds.The fractures were treated with secondary open reduction and fixation.Bacteria culture was done in all wounds.Results The reticular incisional wounds of 56 patients were healed free from dermatoplasty,with no infection or sensory dysfunction.Among 21 patients treated with long incision,the bacteria culture was positive in 16 patients(including 13 earthquake victims)and verve injury found in five patients(including two with radial nerve injury and three with peroneal nerve injury).Four patients with partial or complete cut-off of the verves were improved after repair by secondary operation.Direct suture of incisions was done in nine patients and skin graft performed in 12,with average healing time for three weeks.The patients were followed up for mean 5.6 years,which showed no claw hands,with overall satisfactory rate for about 98% and 95% respectively in two groups according to the probation standard of amputated finger function evaluation from the Hand Surgery Plant of Chinese Medical Association.Conclusions Both long incision and reticular incision procedures can be used early in the treatment of pediatric OCS,while the reticular incision procedure is more convenient and simple,with less complications.     

单纯腹部外伤术后发生急性肾功能衰竭的危险因素分析

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure (ARF)after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma. Methods A retrospective case-control study was carried out in patients with simple abdominal trauma after surgery from January 2003 through May 2008 in our hospital. Twenty patients with ARF were set as study group and 68 patients without ARF as control group. Clinical data including age, gender, injury type, number of injured organs, blood transfusion volume, intra-abdominal pressure, abdominal infection, shock and related factors were analyzed by using univariate and Logistic regression to identify the independent risk factors of ARF after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma. Results Univariate analysis revealed statistical difference in aspects of blood transfusion volume ( ＞ 1 600 ml), operation timing ( interval between trauma and operation ＞12 h), preoperative shock duration ( ＞6 h), postoperative abdominal infection and intra-abdominal hypertension ( ＞ 12 mm Hg) between two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that these five indices were the independent risk factors of ARF after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Massive blood transfusion, delayed operation, long preoperative duration of shock, postoperative abdominal infection or intra-abdominal hypertension are the risk factors of ARF after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma. We should pay attention to these factors and take effective measures to prevent occurrence of ARF.     

单纯腹部外伤术后发生急性肾功能衰竭的危险因素分析

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure (ARF)after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma. Methods A retrospective case-control study was carried out in patients with simple abdominal trauma after surgery from January 2003 through May 2008 in our hospital. Twenty patients with ARF were set as study group and 68 patients without ARF as control group. Clinical data including age, gender, injury type, number of injured organs, blood transfusion volume, intra-abdominal pressure, abdominal infection, shock and related factors were analyzed by using univariate and Logistic regression to identify the independent risk factors of ARF after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma. Results Univariate analysis revealed statistical difference in aspects of blood transfusion volume ( ＞ 1 600 ml), operation timing ( interval between trauma and operation ＞12 h), preoperative shock duration ( ＞6 h), postoperative abdominal infection and intra-abdominal hypertension ( ＞ 12 mm Hg) between two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that these five indices were the independent risk factors of ARF after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Massive blood transfusion, delayed operation, long preoperative duration of shock, postoperative abdominal infection or intra-abdominal hypertension are the risk factors of ARF after surgery in patients with simple abdominal trauma. We should pay attention to these factors and take effective measures to prevent occurrence of ARF.     

防旋股骨近端髓内钉与第三代Gamma钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的对比研究

目的 对防旋股骨近端髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)与第三代Gamma钉(third generation of Gamma nail,TGN)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的手术创伤、并发症及术后疗效进行比较.方法 将2007年1月-2008年6月收治的股骨转子间骨折患者采用随机数字表法分为PFNA组(55例)和TGN组(52例).术前评估两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性.分别对两组患者的手术创伤,术中、术后并发症及功能恢复情况进行比较.结果 手术时间:PFNA组为(66.6±15.4)min,TGN组为(73.1±20.8)min(P＞0.05).透视时间:PFNA组为(2.97±1.14)min,TGN组为(3.43±1.18)min(P＜0.05);失血量:PFNA组为(219.5±107.5)ml,TGN组为(269.0±123.9)ml(P＜0.05).术中在PFNA击入过程中其远端发生4例股骨干单侧皮质劈裂,TGN组1例,差异无统计学意义.本组91例患者获得随访,PFNA组46例,TGN组45例,随访时间(17.5±3.69)个月.术后PFNA组有1例再骨折,1例内固定失败;TGN组未见此类并发症.随访中51例恢复到伤前活动水平,PFNA组27例,TGN组24例,两者差异无统计学意义.结论 应用PFNA和TGN治疗股骨转子间骨折,在并发症及术后疗效方面差异无统计学意义,但PFNA具有手术时间短、透视少、出血量少等优点.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the outcome of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA)and third generation of Gamma nail (TGN) in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly. Methods From January 2007 to June 2008, the patients with intertrochanteric fractures were divided into PFNA group ( n = 55 ) and TGN group ( n = 52 ) randomly. The two treatment groups were comparable in aspect of general data. The clinical data of surgical trauma, complications and postoperative function of the two groups were compared in our study. Results The mean operation time was (66.6 ± 15.4) min in PFNA group and (73. 1 ± 20.8 ) min in TGN group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). The mean intraoperative blood loss differed significantly, (219.5 ± 107.5 ) ml in PFNA group compared with (269.0 ±123.9) ml in TGN group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The mean fluoroscopy time was ( 2.97 ± 1.14 ) min in PFNA group and (3.43 ± 1.18) min in TGN group (P＜0.05). Unilateral femoral shaft splits at the distal end of the nail was observed intra-operatively in four patients of the PFNA group and in one of the TGN group,with no statistical difference between two groups. Of all, 91 patients ( n =46 in the PFNA group and n =45 in the TGN group) were followed up for a duration of ( 17.5 ±3.69) months. There was one re-fracture and one implant failure during the follow up period in PFNA group, which was not found in TGN group. Fiftyone patients recovered to normal activity status, including 27 in the PFNA group and 24 in the TGN group,with no statistical differences. Conclusions Intertrochanteric fracture can be treated successfully with PFNA and TGN. There is no significant difference in complications and functional outcome between the two groups. However, PFNA takes advantages of less blood loss, less operative time and less fluoroscopy time over TGN.     

盐酸肾上腺素在骨水泥型髋关节置换术中预防骨水泥植入综合征发生的作用

Objective To investigate the clinical application of epinephrine hydrochloride in the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in the cemented hip replacement. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients treated with cemented hip replacement from July 2008 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and intervention group. The bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the control group were not pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement; the bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the intervention group were pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR)and pulse oxygen saturation ( SPO2 ) were compared between the two groups before bone cement implantation and 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 minutes after bone cement implantation. The data were analyzed with variance analysis and Q test. Results (1) In the control group: the blood pressure was decreased in control group one minute after bone cement implantation and a significant decrease of the blood pressure was observed at 2-6 minutes after the implantation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The blood pressure was increased seven minutes after the implantation, with the most significant increase of DBP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The blood pressure recovered to normal 10 minutes later. The SPO2 was decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05 ) but no significant change was observed in HR ( P ＞ 0.05). (2) In the intervention group: the bone marrow cavity was pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement.ity. No significant difference was found in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and SPO2 at different time points before and after bone cement implantation (P ＞0.05 ). Significant decrease of blood pressure and SPO2 was observed in control group and a significant hemodynamic change was detected at 2-6 minutes after the bone cement implantation. In the intervention group, no hemodynamic change was found in all the patients except that one patient was found with decrease of blood pressure and another one with the occasional premature ventricular contractions. Conclusion Pretreatment of bone marrow cavity with saline epinephrine hydrochloride can effectively prevent bone cement implantation syndrome.     

后路小切口人工全髋关节置换术

目的 观察后路小切口人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty，THA）的临床效果。方法 将70例患者按年龄、性别、体重指数、病种、髋关节功能配对分为两组进行前瞻性研究。35例小切口组，术前Harris评分52．21（24～76），35例标准后路手术组（简称标准组），术前Harris评分51．6（33～68）。分析手术时间、术中出血＋术后12h引流量、并发症、切口长度、疼痛评分、Harris评分等。结果 平均随访11.5个月（6～14个月）。两组手术时间相近。小切口组平均切口长9．0cm（7．0～12cm），标准组16cm（12—20cm），两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；小切口组平均出血500ml（270～700m1），29％（10／35）需输血，输血量约400ml，而标准组平均出血约950ml（600～1200m1），100％需输血，平均输血650ml，小切口组明显比标准组具有优势（P〈0．05）；小切口组疼痛评分平均为4．8分，标准组为6．8分（P〈0.01）。术后6个月，小切口组Harris评分94．0（84～100），标准组Harris评分90．5（82～94）。结论 后路小切口微创技术具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛小、恢复快的特点，可获得与常规后路手术相同的冶疗效果。     

后外侧小切口全髋置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

目的 总结后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的经验.方法 2002年10月-2005年1月收治的199例(207髋)初次全髋置换,其中46例(46髋)为股骨颈骨折患者,新鲜骨折31髋,陈旧性骨折15髋.采用后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术,观察股骨颈骨折置换的切口长度、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数、术后并发症、功能恢复和评分情况.结果 随访时间14～26个月,平均17.2个月.随访期间最后一次Harris评分:新鲜股骨颈骨折患者(84.1±8.6)分,陈旧性股骨颈骨折患者评分(85.8 ±7.6)分.所有患者术后X线片未见明显假体位置不良.新鲜和陈旧股骨颈骨折的手术切口、手术时间、出血量、引流量、住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).新鲜和陈旧性股骨颈骨折组各有1例患者脱位.结论 后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术具有创伤小、出血及并发症少和功能恢复快的特点,对于股骨颈骨折患者不仅能获得良好的髋关节功能,且减少了并发症的发生.     

后正中小切口减压联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴神经功能损害胸腰椎骨折的疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨后正中小切口减压联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴神经功能损害胸腰椎骨折的临床成效以及安全性,并为这类特殊群体的优质诊疗积累循证经验。方法广东医科大学附属东莞市厚街医院骨科与光明人民医院脊柱科2014年9月—2016年12月收治的76例伴神经功能损害的胸腰椎骨折患者,按随机数字表法分为开放手术组(经后路减压)和微创手术组(后正中小切口减压联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定),每组各38例。记录两组患者肌肉剥离长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后前2d引流量、术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及术后镇痛药物使用情况。对两组患者进行至少6个月的随访,以评估其转归结局,包括骨性愈合、固定松动、固定断裂以及神经功能恢复情况。结果微创手术组肌肉剥离长度短于开放手术组,术中出血量、术后引流量少于开放手术组,术后VAS评分低于开放手术组,术后镇痛药物使用比例低于开放手术组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者手术时间、骨性愈合比例差异无统计学意义(P0.05);微创手术组固定松动、固定断裂及神经功能恢复Ⅱ级的比例均优于开放手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于伴神经功能损害的胸腰椎骨折患者,开展后正中小切口减压联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗方案,能提高手术疗效,且安全性较高,值得进一步推广应用。     

前外侧肌间隙入路术式微创全髋关节置换术对老年患者早期炎症反应影响

目的探讨前外侧肌间隙入路式微创全髋关节置换术对老年患者早期炎症反应的影响。方法选取2015年9月至2016年11月巴中市中心医院收治的需要进行微创全髋关节置换术的患者90例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分将患者为A组和B组,每组各45例。A组患者实行前外侧肌间隙入路式微创全髋关节置换术治疗,B组患者进行传统手术治疗。比较两组患者治疗后切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、引流量、置换后Harris评分、患者满意度及炎症因子变化等情况。结果治疗后,A组患者的术中出血量、引流量、手术时间、术中切口大小均明显低于B组,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者炎症因子IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α水平均有所下降,A组下降程度高于B组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者的Harris评分高于B组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者的满意率为84.5%,明显高于B组的46.7%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论前外侧肌间隙入路式微创全髋关节置换术对老年患者的创伤较小,具有降低炎症因子的作用。     

后路小切口微创椎弓根螺钉治疗55例脊柱胸腰段骨折的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨后路小切口微创椎弓根螺钉治疗脊柱胸腰段骨折的临床疗效,为临床医师选择术式提供参考。方法选择2013年10月～2015年12月收治的110例脊柱胸腰段骨折患者作为研究对象,把全部患者依据治疗方法的不同分成对照组与治疗组,每组分别有患者55例。对照组患者实施传统切口手术治疗,治疗组患者实施后路小切口微创椎弓根螺钉治疗,对两组患者的临床疗效进行对比。结果治疗组患者的平均手术时长、术中出血量以及术后卧床时间均要明显少于对照组（ P＜0.05）;治疗组患者手术后的VAS评分以及Cobb角要明显小于对照组和手术前（ P＜0.05）;治疗组并发症发生率是3.64％,对照组并发症发生率是21.82％,治疗组并发症发生率要明显小于对照组（ P＜0.05）。结论脊柱胸腰段骨折患者应用后路小切口微创椎弓根螺钉治疗具有非常理想的临床疗效,具有创伤小、术中出血量少以及术后恢复快等特点,能够明显减少患者疼痛以及并发症发生率,值得在临床上大力推广应用。     

微创全髋关节置换术前外侧肌间隙入路的解剖学研究及临床应用

目的 为在国内更好地开展前外侧肌间隙入路髋关节微创置换术,研究国人相关解剖结构,探讨手术技术并观察临床效果. 方法 解剖3具(6髋)新鲜成年尸体标本,观察国人前外侧肌间隙入路周围解剖结构.对16例患者实施前外侧肌间隙入路微创全髋关节置换术,总结临床结果 和手术操作技术. 结果 尸体解剖见手术入路为长三角形间隙,其上内角处臀中肌前缘与阔筋膜张肌后缘有部分肌纤维连接,是臀上神经下支经臀中肌进入阔筋膜张肌的关键部位,手术切口上缘不应超出此范围.临床手术切口长7～10 cm(平均8.8 cm),术中出血250～550 ml(平均350 ml).术后3～5 d下床活动.7例术中发现臀中肌前缘肌纤维部分挫裂伤,予以修剪.随访18～39个月(平均27.7个月).术后X线片显示多数假体位置良好,1例髋臼前倾角偏大,2例髋臼外展角偏大,但均无并发症和明显功能障碍.髋关节Harris评分术前为(39.1±6.7)分,术后6个月为(80.6±11.3)分,术后12个月为(88.7±9.6)分,术后24个月(11例)为(91.4±13.5)分.所有患者未发现臀中肌无力现象. 结论 前外侧肌间隙入路髋关节微创置换术具有解剖层次简单、手术创伤小、不剥离或损伤肌肉、术后康复快等优点,有实用价值并适合在体形较小的国人中推广.但术中需避免因大转子撞击敏髋臼锉修的前倾角偏大及切口远端软组织限制致髋臼外展角增加.注意准确定位皮肤切口,并使用微创技术专用手术器械.     

改良Watson-Jones入路微创全髋置换术的技术要点及临床应用

目的 探讨改良Watson-Jones(OCM)入路微创全髋置换术的技术要点,观察临床应用效果.方法 2005年1月-2006年12月采用OCM入路微创全髋置换术治疗髋关节损伤及疾病患者35例,其中男16例,女19例;年龄(65.9±6.8)岁;体重指数(24.4±3.2).记录每例患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中及术后输血量、术后住院天数、并发症、假体位置、髋关节功能评分(Harris评分法)等,分析该方法的临床效果.结果 手术切口(8.3±0.9)cm;手术时间(92.1±13.5)min;输血量(300±218.2)ml;髋臼外展角(46.3±2.9)°;术后住院天数(7.9±1.7)d.平均随访17.3个月(6～24个月).前20例患者术后3个月有11例患者主诉臀部疼痛,术后6个月有9例,术后12个月减少到5例;后15例未出现类似症状.无感染、脱位、血管神经损伤或深静脉栓塞等并发症.末次随访Harris评分为(91.3±5.7)分.结论 OCM入路微创全髋置换术创伤小,术后患者康复信心足,辅以适当的功能锻炼可获得较快的恢复.     

股骨远端解剖钢板微创治疗股骨干骨折的临床应用

目的通过临床病例的总结,比较分析远端解剖钢板与髓钉微创治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法将符合加长型股骨远端解剖钢板微创治疗指征的35例股骨干骨折患者设为实验组,适用带锁髓内钉治疗的35例患者设为对照组。术后平均随访12.8个月。结果两组患者均未出现骨折不愈合、延迟愈合、内固定失败、切口延迟愈合或感染等并发症;两组间切口失血量无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,切口总长度实验组长于对照组（P〈0.05）,但在手术时间、预防骨质劈裂、骨折成角畸形、脂肪栓塞、折端切开复位等不良事件方面,实验组明显优于对照组（ P〈0.05）。结论对符合指征的患者,加长型股骨远端解剖钢板微创技术的疗效确切,并发症较少,是一个值得选择的治疗手段。     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 评价新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉(Sextant-R)内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果.方法选择36例胸腰椎骨折患者分为Sextant-R组(14例)和开放手术组(22例),对比分析手术切口、手术时间、出血量以及后凸畸形矫正率等.结果 Sextant-R组手术切口长度(7.1±0.9)cm,手术时间(1.1±0.7)h,出血量(89.3±12.1)ml,术后引流量(12.6 ±3.2)ml,术后平均Cobb角(4.5±2.4)°,术后椎体矢状而指数(10.2±10.1)°,术后伤椎椎体前缘高度(85.0±7.0)%.开放手术组手术切口长度(16.8±1.6)cm,手术时间(2.4±0.8)h,出血量(325.0±123.6)ml,术后引流量(147.3±36.1)ml,术后Cobb角(1.0±2.3)°,术后椎体矢状面指数(5.5±8.6)°,术后伤椎椎体前缘高度(95.5±2.2)%.结论 在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,Sextant-R内固定是治疗胸腰椎骨折的较好选择.     

动力髋螺钉与股骨近端防旋型髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效分析

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)和股骨近端防旋型髓内钉(PFNA)在股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的临床疗效。方法笔者2011年1月~2014年1月收治股骨粗隆间骨折患者58例,排除非手术治疗患者4例,选取54例,分别采用DHS(DHS组,n=20)以及PFNA(PFNA组,n=34)治疗并随访股骨粗隆间骨折患者。比较手术切口长度、住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、骨折愈合时间及术后患髋功能及并发症。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后引流量及骨折平均愈合时间等数据两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),PFNA组要优于DHS组,而手术切口长度两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。患髋功能评分:DHS组优良率为85%,PFNA组优良率为91.2%。结论 PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有方法简单,手术时间短,手术出血量少、创伤小及愈合时间短的优点,适用于所有类型的股骨粗隆间骨折,特别对骨质疏松的高龄粗隆间骨折、不稳定型骨折和并发症较多的患者疗效显著。