怀远石榴籽油微胶囊的制备及稳定性研究

以怀远石榴籽油为芯材、麦芽糊精和大豆分离蛋白为复合壁材、大豆卵磷脂为乳化剂,采用喷雾干燥法制备石榴籽油微胶囊。在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验对工艺条件进行优化。得到的最佳工艺条件为:复合壁材的质量分数10%,麦芽糊精与大豆分离蛋白的配比1∶2(质量比),乳化剂大豆卵磷脂的添加量2.0%,芯材与壁材的配比1∶1.5(质量比),喷雾干燥机进风温度185℃,出风温度75℃,进料速度25 mL/min。在最佳工艺条件下,石榴籽油的微胶囊包埋率可达81.9%。微胶囊化后的石榴籽油稳定性较好。     

甾醇酯微胶囊制备工艺研究

研究了喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊化甾醇酯的工艺。研究结果表明:微胶囊化甾醇酯的最优乳化条件为:复合乳化剂配比(单甘酯∶蔗糖酯)为1∶9;乳化剂用量0.75%;壁材用量20%;壁材比(变性淀粉∶麦芽糊精)为1∶5;芯材/壁材为0.5。喷雾干燥法制备甾醇酯微胶囊的最佳工艺参数为:进料温度50～60℃、均质压力50 MPa、进风温度180℃、出风温度80℃、喷雾压力180 KPa。在此工艺条件下微胶囊化效率可达77.8%。     

番茄红素的微胶囊化研究和稳定性实验

研究了喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊番茄红素粉末的工艺及技术,结果表明,在天然番茄红素微胶囊的生产过程中,制造微胶囊型番茄红素的壁材最佳组合为:以阿拉伯胶和糊精以1∶1的质量比混合作为壁材,原料固形物含量为20%,芯材和壁材的适宜比例为1∶6;高压均质可有效地提高天然番茄红素的微胶囊化效率和微胶囊化产率,其最佳均质压力为30MPa;最佳喷雾干燥造粒工艺条件为:进风温度190℃、出风温度65～75℃、进料量为4.0mL/min、进风压力为0.15MPa。     

紫苏油粉末制备工艺研究

以脱皮、低温压榨紫苏油为芯材,利用乳化和喷雾干燥相结合的方法制备紫苏油粉末.确定的最佳制备工艺条件为:壁材大豆分离蛋白与麦芽糖糊精的比例1:1.2,乳化温度70 ℃,固形物含量25%,芯材壁材比40:100;均质压力50 MPa,均质2次;喷雾干燥进风温度168 ℃,出风温度85℃.该条件下制备的紫苏油粉末微胶囊化效率达95%,表面油含量为1%左右.     

以大豆分离蛋白为壁材喷雾干燥法制备芥末油微胶囊

以大豆分离蛋白为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备了芥末油微胶囊.其最佳工艺条件为:固形物含量10％、芯壁比1∶2、乳化剂的添加量为0.1％、均质时间4 min(10000 r/min)、喷雾干燥进风口温度195℃.在最佳工艺条件下得到的微胶囊产品的包埋率为89.94％.     

抗氧化剂二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)的微胶囊化

研究了喷雾干燥法制备高包埋率微胶囊化二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)的壁材组成及工艺条件。结果表明,最佳组合为:BHT/壁材20%、阿拉伯胶/麦芽糊精1∶3、海藻酸钠含量0.6%、乳化温度70℃、一级均质压力20MPa、二级均质压力45MPa、喷雾干燥进风温度200℃、出风温度90℃,该工艺条件下BHT的微胶囊化效果最好,包埋率最高。     

乳脂微胶囊的制备

以乳脂包埋率为主要指标,采用单因素试验和响应面分析法研究壁材配比、芯壁比、固形物中乳化剂的添加量和固形物浓度对乳脂微胶囊化效果的影响,并确定了喷雾干燥法制备乳脂微胶囊产品的工艺条件。结果表明:乳脂微胶囊化的最佳配方为,壁材为乳清蛋白和麦芽糊精,二者质量比1∶2.6,芯壁质量比1∶3,乳化剂添加量为3%,固形物浓度为23.5%;喷雾干燥的最佳条件为,进风温度170℃,出风温度80℃,均质压力40 MPa,微胶囊化乳脂的包埋率93%以上。     

粉末甾醇酯制备工艺研究

研究喷雾干燥法制备粉末甾醇酯工艺。研究结果表明,粉末甾醇酯最优乳化条件为:复合乳化剂配比(单甘油酯∶蔗糖酯)为1∶9、乳化剂用量0.75%、壁材用量20%、壁材比(辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉∶麦芽糊精)为1∶5、芯材与壁材比为0.5。喷雾干燥法制备粉末甾醇酯最佳工艺参数为:进料温度50℃~60℃、均质压力50 MPa、进风温度180℃、出风温度80℃、喷雾压力180 KPa;在此工艺条件下,微胶囊化率可达77.8%。     

大豆蛋白和鱼油双层微囊化SOD优化条件的研究

以大豆可溶性蛋白、鱼油为双层壁材 ,采用喷雾干燥法制备出SOD微胶囊 ,考察了SOD包埋率、活性和鱼油的过氧化值 ,结果显示产品的包埋率和抗氧化性均有提高 ,微囊在 45℃条件下 ,较大豆蛋白单层微囊的稳定性显著增加。经正交法优化选择 ,微囊的最佳制备条件为 :进风温度 1 95℃ ,均质压力 5 0MPa ,出风温度 1 1 0℃ ,外层壁材选择大豆可溶性蛋白和麦芽糊精 ,鱼油与SOD溶液比 (g∶mL)为 4∶1 ,鱼油占外层壁材百份比为 40 % ,SOD包封率达 3 8 65 %。     

文冠果种仁油的微胶囊化及喷雾干燥条件研究

研究了不同壁材及壁材配比、固形物含量和芯材载量对文冠果种仁油微胶囊化效率的影响,并确定了采用喷雾干燥技术制备文冠果种仁油微胶囊产品的工艺条件。结果表明,文冠果种仁油的微胶囊化最佳配方为:壁材为明胶+蔗糖,二者质量比1∶5,固形物含量20%,芯材载量35%;喷雾干燥的最佳条件为:进风温度175℃,出风温度80℃,进料流量650 mL/h。在最佳工艺条件下获得的文冠果种仁油微胶囊产品感官品质较好,在保持低水分含量(仅为2.49%)的同时,兼具良好的溶解度和储存稳定性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.