LC-APCI-MS同时检测猪肉中7种磺胺类药物残留

为检测猪肉中磺胺类药物残留，建立了猪肉中7种磺胺类药物残留的LC—APCI—MS同时测定方法；样品经过匀浆、酸性甲醇超声波提取、柱净化后进行液相色谱-大气压化学电离-质谱分析；采用Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱，以均含0．2％乙酸的水和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱，外标法定量；7种磺胺类药物的加标回收率为61，0％～114．7％（添加水平为1μg／kg，5pg／kg，10μg／kg），方法精密度1.5％～15.3％，方法检出限为3.92μg／kg～4.20μg／kg。     

加速溶剂萃取－超高压液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定纺织品中的分散致敏染料

建立了一种同时测定纺织品中20种分散致敏染料的快速分析方法。样品以甲醇＋丙酮（1＋2、v／v）为提取溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取,以乙腈和0．05％甲酸为流动相,配备ACQUITYUPLC BEHC18色谱柱,超高压液相电喷雾串联四极杆质谱（UPLC—ESI—MS／MS）在多反应监测（MRM）模式下分离鉴定纺织品中禁用的20种分散致敏染料,外标法定量。结果表明：20种分散致敏染料的添加回收率为（91．1±2．8）％～（100．5±3．6）％,相对标准偏差（RSD％）均小于10％。该方法的最低检测浓度为0．1～9．2μg／kg,定量下限可达1．0μg／kg。     

液相色谱-电喷雾质谱同时测定肉类中的莱克多巴胺与克伦特罗

建立了液相色谱-质谱法（LC/MS）同时测定肉类中莱克多巴胺与克伦特罗残留的方法。用乙腈-盐酸溶液提取试样中的莱克多巴胺与克伦特罗，旋转蒸干，用甲醇溶解后进行液相色谱-质谱法测定。肉类中莱克多巴胺与克伦特罗的定量检出限均分别为0．2μg／kg与0．5μg／kg。加标回收率分别为82.0％～87.5％与83．6％～89．2％。批内相对标准偏差均小于7．1％。该方法灵敏、定量准确，可广泛应用于肉类中莱克多巴胺与     

ASE—GC—MS／MS快速测定纺织品中8种磷酸酯类增塑剂

为了建立了一种快速提取和测定纺织品中8种磷酸酯类增塑剂[磷酸三苯酯（TPP）、磷酸邻三甲苯酯（ToCP）、磷酸间三甲苯酯（TmCP）、磷酸对三甲苯酯（TpCP）、磷酸三丁酯（TBP）、磷酸三辛酯（TOP）、磷酸二苯辛酯（DP（）P）和磷酸甲苯二苯酯（CDP）]的分析方法,采用加速溶剂萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱（GC—MS／MS）技术,样品经乙酸乙酯提取,采用TG-5MS石英毛细管柱（30m×0．25mm×0．25μm）分离,选择反应监测（SRM）模式测定,外标法定量。试验结果表明,在0．01～1．0μg／mL范围内试验结果的线性关系良好（7〉O．99）,在添加浓度为0．05、2．0和5．0mg／kg水平内,平均回收率范围为（84．5±6．4）％～（106．5±1．4）％,相对标准偏差（RsD）为0．9％～8．5％,方法检出限（LOD）为0．06～0．9μg／kg,方法定量限（LoQ）为0．2～3．0μg／kg。该试验表明,该方法适合确证和定量测定纺织品中8种磷酸酯类增塑剂,而且便捷、灵敏和准确。     

GC-MSD法测定纺织品中含氯苯酚残留量

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MSD），测定及确证纺织品中含氯苯酚残留量。用碳酸钾溶液提取试样，提取液经乙酸酐乙酰化后以正己烷提取，用配有质量选择检测器的气相色谱仪，采用选择离子检测进行确证，外标法定量。五氯苯酚和四氯苯酚添加水平在0．05～2．00mg／kg时，该方法平均回收率为88．8％～97．3％，精密度为2．41％～6．74％，方法测定低限为0．05mg／kg，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

纺织品中致癌染料含量检测方法改进

采用甲醇添加尿素作为提取试剂,建立了用高效液相色谱法（HPLC—DAD）对纺织品中的9种致癌染料进行分析的方法,色谱柱XDBVarianpursuit5C18柱,流动相为乙腈和0．1％磷酸水溶液。该方法中,9种致癌染料的定量限为1．0mg／kg～10mg／kg,线性相关系数都大于0．985,回收率f1772％～95％,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于10．0％,可以满足纺织品上致癌染料的检测需要。     

GC-MS法测定纺织品中77种农药残留量

采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯（1：1）两次超声波提取样品，提取液经氟罗里硅土（Florisil）固相柱净化，浓缩定容后，用气相色谱-质谱仪（GC—MS）测定，外标法定量，选择离子检测进行阳性确证。分析试验的敌敌畏等77种农药添加水平在0．5～2．00mg/kg时，该方法回收率为64．3％-97．9％，精密度为5．43％～13．56％，测定低限为0．02～0．20mg／kg，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

GPC净化处理在测定拟除虫菊酯残留量中的应用

纺织品试样经正己烷超声波提取，提取液浓缩后用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）净化，用气相色谱一质谱仪（GC-MSD）测定，外标法定量，采用选择离子检测进行阳性确证。氯氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯添加水平在0．5—2．00mg／ks时，该方法回收率为80％～102％，精密度为4．88％-9．98％，方法测定低限为0．05mg／kg，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

乞租色谮一质谮联用法测定纺织品中丙烯酰胺

以水等极性溶剂提取纺织品中丙烯酰胺,提取液经溴化衍生后,用乙酸乙酯溶剂萃取2,3-二溴丙酰胺（2,3-DBPA）,衍生物,采用气相色谱一质谱联用（GC-MS）分析检测,选择特征离子进行定性,外标法进行定量。该方法在O～0．2mg／kg线性范围内,相关系数户为0．9996,检出限为3,ug／kg,加标回收率在8＇7．5％～102．1％,相对标准偏差为1．98％～4．1l％。     

面粉中三聚氰胺的高效液相色谱——质谱法测定

建立了面粉中三聚氰胺的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法。色谱条件：Kromasil C18柱（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）,流动相：乙腈-0．1％（体积分数）甲酸（体积比5：95）,流速0．4mL／min。采用正离子模式的电喷雾质谱检测,以一级质谱得到的准分子离子m／z127作为母离子,进行碰撞诱导解离二级质谱分析,选择母离子和MS的碎片离子m／z85、109定性确证,提取m／z85、109、127三个离子质量色谱峰面积定量。线性范围为0．01-0．5mg／L,检出限0．01mg／L,回收率为80％～99％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.