结合剂对刚玉-MgO浇注料性能的影响

以致密电熔刚玉、电熔镁砂为主要原料,选用铝酸钙水泥、硅微粉和ρ-Al2O3微粉为主要结合剂,采用电熔刚玉为骨料,固定骨料:基质=70:30(质量比),基质组成中固定电熔镁砂细粉、α-氧化铝微粉加入量均为6%不变,改变致密电熔刚玉细粉、铝酸钙水泥、硅微粉和ρ-Al2O3微粉的加入量,配制成3种结合系统的刚玉-MgO浇注料。铝酸钙水泥-硅微粉结合系统中硅微粉加入量固定为1%,铝酸钙水泥加入范围为0~15%;硅微粉结合系统中硅微粉的加入范围为0.3%~2.5%;ρ-Al2O3微粉-硅微粉结合系统中硅微粉加入量固定为0.3%,ρ-Al2O3微粉的加入范围为1%~10%。检测1000℃3h、1350℃3h、1600℃3h处理后试样的冷态耐压强度、体积密度、显气孔率、加热永久线变化率等物理指标和抗渣侵蚀和渗透性能,研究3种结合系统对刚玉-MgO浇注料的物理性能和抗渣性能的影响。试验结果表明:合理控制基质中结合剂的加入量可以获得综合物理性能优良的无水泥刚玉-MgO浇注料;硅微粉和ρ-Al2O3微粉-硅微粉结合刚玉-MgO浇注料的抗渣性能优于铝酸钙水泥-硅微粉结合刚玉-MgO浇注料。     

六铝酸钙引入形式对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

为探究六铝酸钙在钢包浇注料中应用的可行性,以板状刚玉、电熔尖晶石、活性α-Al2O3微粉、预合成六铝酸钙及纯铝酸钙水泥为原料制备刚玉-尖晶石浇注料。在保证Ca O、Mg O、Al2O3成分一致的情况下向浇注料中通过两种方式引入六铝酸钙(直接加入预合成六铝酸钙,通过Secar 71水泥与活性α-Al2O3微粉高温煅烧时原位生成引入六铝酸钙),并研究了1 550℃保温3 h烧后试样的物相组成、显微结构和性能。结果表明:引入原位生成六铝酸钙的浇注料的高温性能与直接加入预合成六铝酸钙的浇注料相差不明显,引入预合成六铝酸钙的浇注料传热慢、保温性能好,但是抗剥落性有可能劣化。     

α-Al2O3微粉对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

以优质白刚玉、高纯富铝尖晶石和α-Al2O3微粉(d50为4.596μm和2.148μm)为主要原料制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料,研究了α-Al2O3微粉加入量(质量分数分别为8%、12%和16%)对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:1)随α-Al2O3微粉加入量增加,浇注料基质的流动性能提高;α-Al2O3微粉粒度较细时基质的流动性较好,而α-Al2O3微粉较粗时基质的流动性变差。2)增加α-Al2O3微粉加入量,刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的密度增加,强度明显提高,抗渣侵蚀性和抗渣渗透性明显改善,但α-Al2O3微粉加入过多时其抗热震性变差。α-Al2O3微粉的合适加入量为12%。3)与钢包渣相比,LF渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的侵蚀性较大。4)采用优质电熔白刚玉、电熔尖晶石和α-Al2O3微粉,能够生产出性能优良的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料。     

高铁水兑入比电炉炉盖用镁铝尖晶石浇注料的研制

以粒度≤8 mm特级高铝矾土颗粒和烧结镁砂为骨料,SiO2微粉、α-Al2O3微粉、铝酸钙水泥作结合剂,分别制得镁铝尖晶石质浇注料和铝酸钙水泥结合高铝质浇注料。对试样分别进行烘干、1 350℃3 h和1 500℃3 h热处理并检测其体积密度、抗折强度、耐压强度、加热永久线变化、抗热震性和抗渣性。结果表明:与铝酸钙水泥结合高铝质浇注料相比,镁铝尖晶石质浇注料具有较高的烘干耐压强度,优良的抗渣性,但抗热震性较差。因此,在高铁水兑入比的电炉中,镁铝尖晶石质电炉盖表现出了更长的使用寿命。     

镁砂粉加入量对RH浸渍管浇注料性能的影响

以烧结刚玉为主要原料 ,同时加入镁砂粉、铝酸钙水泥、α Al2 O3微粉等 ,研究了镁砂粉加入量对RH浸渍管用刚玉质浇注料的抗热震性、抗渣性和热膨胀性的影响。结果表明 ,在刚玉质浇注料中加入适量的镁砂粉 ,高温下可以形成镁铝尖晶石 ,这是提高浇注料的热震稳定性和抗渣侵蚀性的主要原因。镁砂粉的加入量为 6 %时 ,RH管浇注料的上述性能良好     

纯铝酸钙水泥对镁铝钛系浇注料性能的影响

以镁铝钛电熔合成料颗粒和细粉(w(MgO)76.09%,w(Al2O3)15.67%,w(TiO2)5.05%)、镁砂细粉(w(MgO)>97.1%)、纯铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)、SiO2微粉、SiC细粉(≤0.074mm)及活性氧化铝微粉为原料制成镁铝钛系浇注料,研究了纯铝酸钙水泥含量(分别为2%、4%、6%)对镁铝钛系浇注料性能的影响,结果表明(1)水泥结合的镁铝钛浇注料具有较好的常温物理性能和抗水泥熟料侵蚀的性能,本试验条件下水泥加入量以<4%为宜;(2)高温下镁铝钛电熔合成料存在TiO2的脱溶现象,而脱溶可能对浇注料的理化性能产生影响;(3)在水泥结合镁铝钛系浇注料中加入SiC,对于抑制浇注料收缩是有益的。     

工艺参数对镁铝尖晶石保温材料物相与性能的影响

以α-Al2O3微粉、电熔镁砂和ρ-Al2O3为原料,采用泡沫胶凝法制备了体积密度0.9～1.1 g/cm3镁铝尖晶石保温材料,考察了ρ-Al2O3、电熔镁砂加入量、烧成温度和保温时间对镁铝尖晶石保温材料物相与性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着ρ-Al2O3加入量增加试样常温耐压强度与烧成线变化率增大,物相组成均为“刚玉+镁铝尖晶石”;增加MgO加入量试样先收缩后膨胀,加入量为20wt％时常温耐压强度达最大值,物相组成由“刚玉+镁铝尖晶石”变为“镁铝尖晶石”再变为“镁铝尖晶石+方镁石”;提高烧成温度能明显促进试样烧结,延长保温时间可提高试样常温耐压强度.     

含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐水泥的制备及其抗侵蚀性

以白云石和工业Al2O3为原料,采用烧结法制备了含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐新型水泥,利用X射线衍射检测了合成产物的物相组成,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了新型铝酸盐水泥中各物相的形貌和能谱分析了成分分布,测量了这种铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间、耐火度以及其所结合的高铝矾土制成的耐火浇注料的早期强度.选择静态坩埚法进行抗渣性实验,对比了新型铝酸盐水泥和纯铝酸钙水泥结合刚玉浇注料的抗渣性差异.结果表明:这种水泥的物相组成为镁铝尖晶石、一铝酸钙和二铝酸钙;物相分布较为均匀.与纯铝酸钙水泥比较,凝结时间正常,新型铝酸盐水泥结合刚玉浇注料与纯铝酸钙水泥结合刚玉浇注料的抗弯强度相当,耐火度较高和抗侵蚀性较好,其原因在于水泥中存在镁铝尖晶石相,而镁铝尖晶石有较高的熔点和抗熔渣侵蚀能力.     

eρ-Al2O3和铝酸盐水泥对磷酸铝结合高铝浇注料性能的影响

以优质高铝矾土或板状刚玉、烧结α-Al2O3微粉为主要原料,采用磷酸铝和ρ-Al2O3为固化剂,研究铝酸盐水泥和ρ-Al2O3对磷酸盐结合高铝质浇注料性能的影响。结果表明,单独采用ρ-Al2O3为固化剂其硬化效果差,且随ρ-Al2O3加入量的增大,施工性能降低;单独采用铝酸盐水泥不利于浇注料的高温性能;而采用ρ-Al2O3和铝酸盐水泥复合固化硬化效果好,且浇注料综合性能比单独使用ρ-Al2O3或铝酸盐水泥均有显著提高。     

水泥和水合氧化铝对铝镁浇注料性能的影响

固定电熔白刚玉、电熔镁砂粉、αAl2O3微粉、SiO2微粉等原料的含量不变,分别加入不同量的水合氧化铝和纯铝酸钙水泥作结合剂(ρAl2O3加入量为2%、3%和4%,水泥加入量为3%、5%和7%),对比研究了水泥结合和水合氧化铝结合铝镁浇注料的显气孔率、体积密度、耐压强度、抗折强度、抗热震性和抗渣性能。结果表明:与水泥结合铝镁浇注料相比较,水合氧化铝结合浇注料具有更好的抗热震性、抗渣侵蚀和渗透性能;水合氧化铝在浇注料中的合适加入量为3%;水泥结合铝镁浇注料具有较高的常温强度,但其抗渣侵蚀和渗透性能随着水泥含量的增加而逐渐降低。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。