矾土基电熔尖晶石对矾土基浇注料性能的影响

为了开发矾土基电熔尖晶石的应用,在矾土骨料、纯铝酸钙水泥、Al2O3微粉、SiO2微粉等原料加入量不变(分别为65%、4%、4%和1%)的条件下,变化矾土基电熔尖晶石的加入量(分别为0、6%、8%、10%和12%)和电熔白刚玉细粉的加入量,研究了矾土基电熔尖晶石对矾土基浇注料常温物理性能、热态抗折强度、抗热震性以及抗渣性的影响。结果表明,与不加矾土基电熔尖晶石的浇注料相比,尖晶石加入量为6%~12%时,浇注料的常温性能相差不大,但热态抗折强度及抗热震性均有所提高,抗渣性有很大改善。     

SiO2微粉和Al2O3微粉加入量对莫来石-刚玉浇注料性能的影响

以莫来石M45(10～5mm,5～3mm)、电熔莫来石(3～1mm,≤1mm)作骨料,刚玉粉(≤0.074mm)、电熔莫来石粉(≤0.074mm)、纯铝酸钙水泥、Al2O3微粉(d50=2.11μm)和SiO2微粉(d50=1.07μm)作基质,制备了脱硫枪用莫来石-刚玉浇注料,并分别研究了SiO2微粉加入量(分别为2%、3%、4%、5%)和Al2O3微粉加入量(分别为2%、4%、6%)对浇注料体积密度、显气孔率、强度、烧后永久线变化率、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响。结果表明:仅加入SiO2微粉时,随着其加入量在2%～5%范围内增加,莫来石-刚玉浇注料的体积密度提高,显气孔率降低,强度增加,抗渣性变好,但抗热震性变差;在加入3%SiO2微粉的基础上再加入2%～6%的Al2O3微粉时,浇注料的各项性能随Al2O3微粉增加没有明显改善,但均比仅加入3%SiO2微粉时有明显改善。     

结合剂对刚玉-MgO浇注料性能的影响

以致密电熔刚玉、电熔镁砂为主要原料,选用铝酸钙水泥、硅微粉和ρ-Al2O3微粉为主要结合剂,采用电熔刚玉为骨料,固定骨料:基质=70:30(质量比),基质组成中固定电熔镁砂细粉、α-氧化铝微粉加入量均为6%不变,改变致密电熔刚玉细粉、铝酸钙水泥、硅微粉和ρ-Al2O3微粉的加入量,配制成3种结合系统的刚玉-MgO浇注料。铝酸钙水泥-硅微粉结合系统中硅微粉加入量固定为1%,铝酸钙水泥加入范围为0~15%;硅微粉结合系统中硅微粉的加入范围为0.3%~2.5%;ρ-Al2O3微粉-硅微粉结合系统中硅微粉加入量固定为0.3%,ρ-Al2O3微粉的加入范围为1%~10%。检测1000℃3h、1350℃3h、1600℃3h处理后试样的冷态耐压强度、体积密度、显气孔率、加热永久线变化率等物理指标和抗渣侵蚀和渗透性能,研究3种结合系统对刚玉-MgO浇注料的物理性能和抗渣性能的影响。试验结果表明:合理控制基质中结合剂的加入量可以获得综合物理性能优良的无水泥刚玉-MgO浇注料;硅微粉和ρ-Al2O3微粉-硅微粉结合刚玉-MgO浇注料的抗渣性能优于铝酸钙水泥-硅微粉结合刚玉-MgO浇注料。     

加入纳米碳酸钙对刚玉-尖晶石质浇注料性能的影响

以烧结刚玉为骨料,电熔白刚玉粉、电熔尖晶石粉、α-Al2O3微粉、纳米碳酸钙以及水合氧化铝为基质,研究了纳米碳酸钙加入量(质量分数分别为0.4％、0.8％、1.2％、1.6％、2.0％)对刚玉-尖晶石质浇注料经不同温度处理后抗折强度、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响.结果表明:加入的纳米碳酸钙在高温下分解,并原位生成铝酸钙系矿物,能明显提高浇注料在800～1400 ℃处理后的常温和热态抗折强度;加入纳米碳酸钙能明显提高浇注料的抗热震性能,对浇注料抗高碱度渣性能的影响较小,但明显降低了其抗低碱度渣的侵蚀性和渗透性.     

氧化铁粉对MgO-Al2O3质浇注料性能的影响

以电熔镁砂、二氧化硅微粉、MA尖晶石粉、α-Al2O3微粉、氧化铁粉为原料制备MgO-Al2O3质浇注料,研究氧化铁粉加入量(0、2%、4%、6%)对MgO-Al2O3质浇注料常温物理性能、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响.按照国家相关标准进行各项物理性能检测,并用X射线衍射仪对1550℃3 h烧后试样进行物相分析,采用风冷法进行抗热震性试验,静态坩埚法进行抗渣试验.结果表明加入氧化铁粉对MgO-Al2O3质浇注料的抗渣渗透性能和常温力学性能有利.随着基质中氧化铁粉加入量的增加,试样抗渣侵蚀能力有所减弱,抗渣渗透能力明显增强,试样经1100℃3 h和1550℃3 h热处理后的常温力学性能得以提高,但抗热震性降低.氧化铁粉加入量≤2%时,试样的抗热震性较好.     

Al2O3微粉及Alphabond加入量对无水泥刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

为了改善刚玉质浇注料的热态强度和抗侵蚀性,采用水合氧化铝Alphabond作为结合剂,分别调整Al2O3微粉及Alphabond加入量,研究了Al2O3微粉及Alphabond加入量对无水泥刚玉质浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:Al2O3微粉加入量对浇注料的成型性能和烧后强度影响较大,其最佳加入量在Alphabond含量(质量分数,下同)为3%时为11%左右;增加Alphabond加入量(在0~4%范围内)可大幅度提高浇注料的烘干强度,但1400℃及1600℃烧后常温抗折强度和1400℃高温抗折强度明显降低。     

不同基质组成的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能研究

以板状刚玉、电熔尖晶石和铝酸钙水泥为原料,设计了尖晶石细粉质量分数分别为0、7.5%、15%和22.5%的4组浇注料,每组浇注料又依水泥量的不同设计了m(CaO)/m(Al2O3)分别为0.03、0.06、0.09、0.15、0.18的5个配方,制备了不同基质组成的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料试样,系统研究了试样经1 600℃3 h处理后的性能(尤其是高温抗折强度和抗热震性)及基质显微结构。结果表明:1)高温下尖晶石与基质中的Al2O3发生固溶而影响浇注料的高温强度,加入7.5%~15%质量分数的尖晶石细粉时,基质中的Al2O3与尖晶石固溶程度较大,基质的结合强度较强,高温强度明显较高;而加入尖晶石较多时,Al2O3量相对降低,减弱了固溶产生的结合,形成了"松散"的基质结构,可有效提高浇注料的抗热震性,因此加入22.5%质量分数尖晶石细粉的浇注料抗热震性最优。2)随着铝酸钙水泥的增加,浇注料的体积密度逐渐减小,常温抗折强度和弹性模量逐渐降低;当基质中m(CaO)/m(Al2O3)=0.09时,基质中刚玉细粉和Al2O3微粉与水泥在高温下全部反应,生成了大量交错分布的板状六铝酸钙,浇注料的高温抗折强度最高,抗热震性最好。     

铝酸钙水泥对刚玉基浇注料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉颗粒及细粉为主要原料,α-Al2O3微粉、铝酸钙水泥以及Alphabond300为结合系统,研究了铝酸钙水泥加入量(质量分数分别为0、0.75%、2.25%和3.75%)对刚玉基浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:1)水泥的加入使浇注料基质的粘度增大,浇注料的流动性降低。2)随着水泥加入量的增加,110℃以及800℃处理后的冷、热态抗折强度均逐渐提高;1 100℃、1 400℃和1 600℃烧后的冷、热态强度均先降低后升高,其中水泥加入量(质量分数,下同)为0.75%时值最小。3)随着水泥含量的增加,浇注料抗热震性提高。4)少量水泥的加入使浇注料的抗渣性能降低,进一步增加水泥加入量,浇注料的抗渣性能逐步改善;在本试验范围内,水泥加入量为3.75%的浇注料和不含水泥的浇注料抗渣性能基本相当。     

纯铝酸钙水泥对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

以板状刚玉为骨料,电熔白刚玉、电熔尖晶石、Al2O3微粉和纯铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)为基质,研究了纯铝酸钙水泥加入量对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料常温性能、高温强度和抗热震性能的影响.用X射线衍射仪分析了材料的物相组成.结果表明: 随纯铝酸钙水泥加入的增加,烧后试样的抗折强度先增加后降低.1600 ℃烧后试样的热态强度在600～1000 ℃时变化不大,1000 ℃后快速下降.随纯铝酸钙水泥含量的增加,热震后试样的残余抗折强度和残余抗折强度保持率增加,抗热震性有所改善;纯铝酸钙水泥对浇注料的性能有显著的影响,主要与水泥中的CaO与Al2O3之间的反应产物有关.     

微粉和水泥用量对刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

主要研究了活性α Al2 O3微粉和水泥加入量对刚玉质浇注料性能的影响。结果表明 :随着微粉用量增加 ,浇注料的流动性和抗渣性改善 ,凝结时间缩短 ,抗热震性降低 ;随着水泥用量增加 ,流动性降低 ,凝结时间缩短 ,高温处理后的常温抗折强度降低 ,抗折强度保持率增加 ,抗渣性恶化。     

Joining of alumina with a porous alumina interlayer

In the joining of structural ceramics, a porous interlayer is generally believed to deteriorate the mechanical properties of the joint. This paper, however, shows that a porous interlayer can sustain high adhesion strength when cavities or interfacial cracks are eliminated. The characteristic of the new slurry approach, described in this work, is that a pure alumina slurry interlayer is dried between two adjoining dense alumina plates and sintered with a negligible external pressure to form the porous interlayer. The effect of slurry concentration was studied to optimize the microstructure of interlayer. By controlling the interlayer microstructure and nature of the flaws, it was possible to fabricate high-strength bonds. The new slurry approach opens up the possibility of pure diffusion bonding which requires neither high pressure during heat treatments nor flat surfaces.     

Creep study on alumina and alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites

Alumina and alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites have been sintered by spark plasma sintering, obtaining relative densities higher than 99%. Microstuctural characterization revealed a grain microstructure in the submicron range, where alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites exhibited a good CNTs dispersion thought the ceramic matrix. Creep experiments performed in both materials showed a similar mechanical behavior, where the addition of CNTs seems to have a negligible effect on the strain rate, in contrast to results reported by other authors. Grain boundary sliding accommodated by lattice diffusion has been identified as the high temperature deformation mechanisms in both samples, alumina and alumina/SWCNT nanocomposites. We have discussed about the role of CNTs influence on the plasticity of these composites.     

氧化铝、改性氧化铝及硅酸铝的酸性特征

介绍了氧化铝的酸性,其中包括酸度、酸强度、酸类型及酸位微观结构,在氧化铝中加入P、B、F、Ti、Zr或Si对酸性的影响,以及Y型沸石及其改性的酸性。     

Creep mechanisms of laminated alumina/zirconia-toughened alumina composites

High-temperature plastic deformation of laminar composites containing alternate layers of Al₂O₃ and a mixture of 60 vol.% Al₂O₃ + 40 vol.% 3 mol% Y₂O₃-stabilized tetragonal ZrO₂ (ZTA) produced by tape casting is investigated in isostrain compression testing at temperatures between 1400 and 1500 °C. The stress exponent n and the creep activation energy Q are close to 1 and 700 kJ/mol, respectively. Microstructual observations reveal the lack of differential features in the ZTA layers and a general creep damage of the Al₂O₃ layers, with little microcracking by cavity coalescence even up to strains of 30%. The layer interfaces maintain their initial structural integrity after testing. An isostrain composite creep model predicts correctly the overall mechanical behavior of the laminates, which is dictated by the alumina phase via diffusional creep controlled by oxygen grain boundary diffusion.     

Selecting alumina grades for making densely sintered alumina ceramics

Conclusions The rheological properties of slips and the properties of the castings based on the aluminas investigated are very satisfactory and correspond to those obtained for specimens based on G00 alumina. The exceptions are the increased zeta-potential values in the slips made from aluminas GA5 and G0, and the reduced kinetic stability of the slip made from alumina GK.The specimens obtained from alumina of all the grades investigated at 1750° sinter until the apparent porosity completely disappears. The castings made from GK alumina have very high deformation in firing.The highest mechanical and dielectric properties are obtained with specimens of grades GA85 and GA8 aluminas.Sintered vacuum-type products with high electrical and mechanical properties should be made by using alumina grades GA85 and GA8 specified by GOST 6912-64 (instead of G00 as specified by GOST 6912-54).Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 39–45, July, 1970.     

Fabrication and characterization of alumina and zirconia-toughened alumina porous structures

In the present study, alumina (Al₂O₃) and zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) porous structures (foams) were manufactured using the space holder technique. Al₂O₃ and ZTA foams with varying porosities from 20% to 69% were fabricated by adding different sizes (10, 20, and 40 μm) and different volume % of polystyrene beads (space holders) to Al₂O₃ and ZTA powders. All the fabricated foams were investigated under static conditions to assess the compressive behavior. It is observed that the compressive strength of these foams strongly depends on porosity, pore size, pore size distribution and pore wall thickness. Among all fabricated foams, Al₂O₃ foams with 20 vol% beads of 10 μm size showed a higher compressive strength of 700 MPa with low porosity (21%) and a higher pore wall thickness (2.8 μm). It is also observed that the pore wall thickness decreased with the increase in beads size and the volume % of the beads, resulting in a low compressive strength value of 8 MPa with a lower pore wall thickness of 1.75 μm at 80 vol% of 40 μm beads. All the foams, irrespective of pore size, showed a typical ceramic failure phenomenon up to 70 vol% of beads; after that, the failure behavior changed to complete open-cell fracture.     

Three-dimensional alumina nanotemplate

Cylindrically and pentagonally shaped three-dimensional (3-D) alumina nanotemplates were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of high purity aluminum. Crack-free 3-D nanotemplates were achieved by anodizing various aluminum pre-formed structures through their concave surfaces. A critical parameter for obtaining crack-free 3-D nanotemplates was manipulating the stress at the aluminum/aluminum-oxide interface, because tensile stress at this interface can cause radial cracks. Two different cathode configurations were used to produce 3-D nanotemplates: inner and outer cathode configuration. The outer cathode configuration allowed fabrication of 3-D alumina templates with smaller diameters (<500 μm) and the inner cathode configuration allowed fabrication of 3-D alumina templates with larger diameters (>500 μm). A larger pore density was observed at the inner surface of 3-D template than at the outer surface due to the curvature of the template. The pore diameter of alumina nanotemplate was strongly depended on the applied current density. No defect was observed independent of anodizing solutions and applied current density. This cost-effective and manufacturable method can be utilized for preparation of hierarchical nanostructures.     

微孔刚玉和板状刚玉耐火材料的抗渣性对比

分别以微孔刚玉和板状刚玉为原料,按粒度为3～1、≤1和≤0.088 mm的原料质量分数分别为35%、30%和35%配料,外加4%的纸浆废液作结合剂,压制成坩埚试样,在1 600℃保温3 h烧成后,加入10 g碱度为3.2的转炉终渣,在1 600℃保温3 h条件下进行抗渣试验,然后测量并计算试样的侵蚀指数和渗透指数,并对侵蚀后试样进行了形貌观察、元素面分布分析和微区成分分析.结果表明:两种刚玉质耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀性基本相同,但是,以微孔刚玉制备的试样的抗渣渗透性却比以板状刚玉制备的差.     

Polyhedral alumina foam

The presented paper reports on the results of preparation of alumina foam with ideal polyhedral shapes of bubbles-pores. The foam was prepared by direct foaming method using partially hydrophobized Al₂O₃ particles, where dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid was used as a hydrophobization agent. A polyhedral shape of the bubbles was achieved by “water procedure”, in which the alumina foam prepared by the direct foaming method was poured into twice its volume of water and mixed. After the mixing was stopped, the particles with an inadequate contact angle were washed out from the system of the alumina foam by draining. The foam was formed only from particles which were physically bound in the lamellas and the bubbles were arranged in ideal polyhedral shapes. The water procedure increases the foam stability, allowing for preparation of alumina foams with porosity of 99 %.