食管癌二野淋巴结清扫术后复发规律探讨

Objective To investigate the local-regional recurrence in thoracic esophageal cancer after radical surgery including two-field lymph node dissection and provide evidence for postoperative radiotherapy. Methods We reviewed local-regional recurrence for 134 cases with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery from 2004 to 2009. Results In 134 cases, lymph node metastasis rate,anastomosis recurrence rate and tumor bed recurrence rate was 94. 0%, 9. 7% and 3.7%, respectively. As to the 126 cases with lymph node metastasis, significant difference was detected between mediastinal metastasis, supraclavicular metastasis and abdominal lymph node metastasis (80. 2%, 43.7% and 13.5%,respectively, χ2= 113. 15, P = 0. 000). Furthermore, the relative metastasis rate in upper mediastinum,middle mediastinum and the lower mediastinum was 73.8%, 39.7% and 1.6%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 139. 11, P = 0. 000 ). Significant difference was identified between right and left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (31.7% vs 16. 7%, χ2= 7. 81, P = 0. 005 ).To confirm the analysis above,lymph node metastasis rate of left recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, (including region 1L, 2L, 4L and 5) ,right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, azygos nodes, subcarinal nodes, and 2R region was 38.9%, 43.7%, 15.1%, 34.1% and 25.4%, respectively. Conclusions The main characteristics of local-regional recurrence may be lymph node metastasis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery. On the contrary, tumor bed recurrence is rare. Dangerous regions include supraclavicular nodes, recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, azygos nodes as well as subcarinal nodes.     

食管癌淋巴结转移术前CT扫描与术后病理诊断一致性研究

目的 探讨食管癌术前CT扫描诊断淋巴结转移与术后病理结果的一致性,为食管癌放疗靶区勾画提供参考标准.方法 回顾分析本院接受食管癌根治性切除术的618例患者,术前均未行放化疗,术后病理资料完整.均于术前1周在本院行颈、胸、腹部CT检查,将CT图像经网络以数字化形式传输到三维治疗计划系统,并经三维重建成像.观察测量并记录CT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、准确率,与术后病理诊断一致率比较行x2检验或Fisdher's精确法.结果 全组淋巴结转移率为39.2%,下颈及锁上区、上纵隔、中纵隔、下纵隔及上腹区的转移率胸上段分别为3.2%、20.8%、6.4%、2.4%、8.0%,胸中段分别为1.5%、7.8%、22.0%、3.5%、22.8%,胸下段分别为0%、2.0%、21.4%、6.1%、32.7%.术前CT对食管癌淋巴结转移诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为58.3%、70.7%、65.9%.全组CT诊断0、1、2、≥3个淋巴结转移与术后病理证实转移的一致率分别为72.4%、32.2%、58.3%、73.1%(x2=82.61,P=0.000).胸上段癌中CT诊断无淋巴结转移与术后病理证实的一致率高于1个淋巴结转移与术后病理证实的一致率(85.8%∶36.8%,P=0.000);胸中段癌中CT诊断0、1、2、≥3个淋巴结转移与术后病理的一致率分别为71.1%、30.1%、55.6%、77.8%(x2=55.14,P=0.000).结论 术前CT扫描尚能比较准确地反映食管癌淋巴结转移的分布规律,尤其诊断无淋巴结转移和3个以上淋巴结转移时与术后病理的一致率最高,而诊断1个淋巴结转移时与术后病理的一致率最低,为根治性切除术后放疗的靶区勾画提供一定参考.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the rule of lymph node metastasis, compare the preoperative computed tomographic findings with pathological diagnosis in thoracic esophageal carcinoma and to evaluate the clinical value. Methods Six hundred and eighteen patients with esophageal carcinoma after radical resection were enrolled. All patients did not receive any preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy, having complete information of postoperative pathological reports. CT scanning were applied to all patients in our hospital. The CT image were transmitted to the three-dimensional treatment planning system via the network at digital format and be reconstructed. In which system the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of the preoperative CT image were observed, measured and recorded. x2 test or Fisdher's statistical methods was adopted for comparing the concord rate of preoperative CT scanning with postoperative pathological diagnosis. Results Lymph nodes metastasis were defected in 242 of the 618 treated patients(39.2%), The rate of lymph node metastasis present in lower neck, upper-mediastinum,middle-mediastinum, lower-mediastinum, and superior abdomen regions in upper-thoracic esophageal carcinoma were 3.2% ,20.8% ,6.4% ,2.4% and 8.0%, in middle-thoracic esophageal carcinoma 1.5%,7.8% ,22.0% ,3.5% and 22.8%, and in lower-thoracic esophageal carcinoma 0% ,2.0% ,21.4% ,6.1% and 32.7%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value,younden index and accuracy rates of diagnosis of lymph node metastasis with preoperative CT scan were 58.3%, 70.7%, 56.2%, 72.5%, 29.0% and 65.9%, respectively. The concordance rate of 0, 1, 2 and ≥ 3 lymph node metastasis by preoperative CT scanning with postoperative pathological diagnosis were 72.4%, 32.2% , 58.3% and 73.1%, respectively in whole group(x2 = 82. 61, P = 0.000). The concordance rate of no lymph node metastasis by CT scan comparing with that by postoperative pathological diagnosis was higher than that of the 1 lymph node metastasis in upper-thoracic esophageal carcinoma 3 lymph node metastasis were 71.1%, 30.1%, 55.6% and 77.8%, respectively(x2 =55.14,P =0.000.Conclusions Preoperative CT image can accurately predict the distribution patterns of the lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma. The concordance rate was the highest in diagnosis of 0 and ≥3 lymph node metastasis, the lowest in diagnosis of one lymph node metastasis. These findings are valuable for definition of the target range of radiotherapy after radical resection of esophageal carcinoma.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.     

胸段食管鳞癌左开胸二野清扫术后复发规律的探讨

目的:分析胸段食管鳞癌根治性左侧开胸二野清扫术后复发的规律,为术后辅助性治疗提供依据。方法:收集1998年6月-2012年12月收治的111例胸段食管鳞癌术后复发的患者,分析其复发情况。结果:111例患者中位复发时间为16.0个月,82.9%患者在术后3年内复发,复发时临床表现以声音嘶哑为最常见（36.0%）。复发类型:单纯局部区域复发76.6%,单纯远处转移6.3%,区域复发合并远处转移17.1%（P=0.000）。局部复发中纵隔淋巴结转移60.4%,下颈锁骨区淋巴结转移48.6%,腹腔淋巴结转移10.8%,吻合口复发15.3%,瘤床区复发1.8%。远处转移26例中,肺转移占50.0%。不同原发部位食管癌之间复发区域的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。纵隔淋巴结转移中,上纵隔复发率55.9%,中纵隔19.8%,下纵隔淋巴结转移1.8%（P=0.000）,在纵隔淋巴结复发中,1、2区淋巴结复发率分别为42.3%和34.2%,4区22.5%,7区18.0%。采用logistic分析复发部位与临床资料相关性,结果显示纵隔淋巴结转移与T分期有关。结论:胸段食管鳞癌根治性左开胸二野清扫术后复发多在术后3年内发生,以声音嘶哑常见,淋巴结复发为主要复发类型,其中下颈锁骨区及上纵隔1、2区淋巴结复发多见,不同原发部位食管癌之间复发区域无差异。     

食管癌纵隔喉返神经旁淋巴结转移对颈部淋巴结转移的影响

目的 探讨食管癌术后颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法 用Logistic法回归分析本院胸段食管鳞癌术后区域淋巴结转移患者 126例的临床资料,探寻食管癌术后颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果 全组颈部淋巴结转移比例为43.7%(55/126)。Logistic回归分析显示原发部位、T分期、N分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移率、淋巴结转移度、淋巴结转移区域数与颈部淋巴结转移均无关。上纵隔右、左1区淋巴结转移是颈部右、左Ⅰ区淋巴结转移的高危因素(χ²=12.14、9.27,P=0.000、0.002),左纵隔喉返神经区淋巴结转移可降低右颈部Ⅰ区淋巴结转移风险(χ²=6.04,P=0.014),颈部Ⅲ区和上纵隔2区淋巴结转移是颈部 Ⅱ_a区淋巴结转移的高危因素(χ²=14.56、8.27、8.02、3.93,P=0.000、0.004、0.005、0.047)。     

胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移数和区域与术后放疗价值的临床研究

目的 对胸段食管鳞癌根治术患者的淋巴结转移数和区域与术后放疗的疗效进行分析,评价术后放疗价值.方法 选择2007年前14年内我院胸段食管癌根治术后病理诊断鳞癌、淋巴结转移阳性及无远处血道转移的N_1期患者945例,其中单纯手术590例,术后放疗355例.术后3～4周开始2 Gy/次放疗,中位剂量50 Gy分25次5周完成.结果 随访率为94.5%,随访满5年者189例.5年生存率单纯手术组和术后放疗组分别为29.6%和38.0%(X~2=10.44,P=0.001).分层分析术后放疗较单纯手术可提高淋巴结转移数3～5个、>5个和仅有锁骨上区及上纵隔区淋巴结转移的5年生存率(30.5%:23.1%,χ~2=4.11,P=0.043;16.7%:8.9%,χ~2=6.87,P=0.009;45.5%:34.9%,χ~2=5.37,P=0.020),而不能提高淋巴结转移数1～2个和仅有中下纵隔及上腹部区淋巴结转移的生存率(50.7%:41.2%,χ~2=3.30,P=0.069;32.0%:27.7%,χ~2=2.22,P=0.137),但可降低锁骨上区及中上纵隔区淋巴结转移例数(15:76,χ~2=18.10,P=0.000;18:97,χ~2=26.81,P=0.000).结论 N_1期胸段食管鳞癌三野根治术后放疗可提高淋巴结转移数≥13个和仪有锁骨上区及上纵隔区淋巴结转移者的生存率,并能降低锁骨上区及中上纵隔区淋巴结转移率.     

胸段食管癌术后下颈部淋巴结转移规律及放疗靶区探讨

目的 分析胸段食管癌二野淋巴结清扫术后下颈部淋巴结转移规律,为术后放疗靶区勾画提供参考。方法 搜集本院2004—2009年收治的 126例胸段食管癌术后区域淋巴结转移患者的临床资料,参照Som等颈部影像学分区将下颈部分为Ⅰ区(上纵隔淋巴结)、Ⅱ区(脏器淋巴结)、Ⅲ_a区(颈内静脉内淋巴结)、Ⅲ_b区(颈内静脉外淋巴结)、Ⅳ区(锁骨上淋巴结)、Ⅴ区(颈后三角淋巴结),并分析各区淋巴结转移情况。组间比较采用χ²检验,Logistic回归分析各区间淋巴结转移关系。结果 全组 126例区域淋巴结转移患者下颈部淋巴结转移占68.3%(86例),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ_a区淋巴结转移之和占下颈部淋巴结转移的95%(82例),其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ区占85%(73例)。右颈部淋巴结转移多于左颈部(53.2%∶30.2%,χ²=13.73,P=0.000),右侧Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ_a区淋巴结转移比例均高于左侧(43.7%∶15.1%、17.5%∶7.1%、17.5%∶5.6%,χ²=24.79、6.22、8.77,P=0.000、0.013、0.003)。结论 胸段食管癌下颈部淋巴结转移主要集中于喉返神经旁(Ⅰ、Ⅱ区)与颈内静脉内(Ⅲ_a区)淋巴结。     

胸段食管癌术后局部复发因素在确定术后放射治疗指征及放疗靶区中的价值

目的:探讨胸段食管癌术后局部复发因素对确定术后放疗指征及术后放疗靶区的指导意义.方法:回顾性分析2009年1月-2011年6月75例胸段食管癌术后局部复发患者的临床病理资料,探讨局部复发规律及其影响因素.结果:75例患者中,男性68例,女性7例;术前病变位于胸上段8例,胸中段53例,胸下段14例;术后病理分期:Tis期0例,T1期6例,T2期17例,T3期48例,T4期4例;N0期35例,N1期40例;临床分期:Ⅰ期5例,ⅡA期26例,ⅡB期7例,Ⅲ期35例,ⅣA期1例,ⅣB期1例;病理分型:鳞癌72例,腺癌2例,鳞癌小细胞癌混合型1例;食管癌根治术中行喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫14例,未行清扫61例;颈部淋巴结清扫9例,未行清扫66例.胸段食管癌根治术后局部复发时间为1～68个月,平均复发时间为13个月.局部复发部位包括双侧锁骨上区27例,上纵隔47例,中纵隔11例,下纵隔为0例,腹腔淋巴结转移4例,吻合口复发8例.结论:胸段食管癌根治术后局部复发位置主要是在双侧锁骨上区、中上纵隔和吻合口,且复发者主要为未行喉返神经淋巴结清扫和颈部淋巴结清扫的患者.建议应结合不同的手术方式及术后病理分期来决定是否应行术后放疗,放疗靶区则以双侧锁上区、中上纵隔和吻合口为主.     

食管癌右喉返神经旁淋巴结转移的相关因素研究

目的 探讨食管癌右侧喉返神经旁淋巴结转移的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析280例行右侧喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫的食管癌患者的临床病理学资料.应用χ2检验进行单因素分析,应用Logistic回归分析进行多因素分析.结果 280例食管癌患者中,右侧喉返神经旁淋巴结转移76例,转移率为27.1%.右侧喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫979枚,转移118枚,转移度为12.1%.Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤分级、淋巴结转移数、脉管瘤栓、胸部淋巴结转移数、腹部淋巴结转移数、隆突下淋巴结转移以及食管周围淋巴结转移是影响右侧喉返神经旁淋巴结转移的独立因素.结论 右侧喉返神经旁淋巴结清扫应该参照淋巴结转移的影响因素,合理地进行清扫.     

不同淋巴结清扫术式对老年胸中上段食管癌患者淋巴结转移复发率、生存时间及并发症的影响

目的 研究二野淋巴结清扫根治术和三野淋巴结清扫根治术对老年胸中上段食管癌患者淋巴结转移复发率、生存时间及并发症的影响.方法 选择2010年1月至2013年6月接受手术治疗的老年胸中上段食管癌患者120例.用随机数表法分为二野组和三野组,每组各60例,二野组患者行二野淋巴结清扫根治术,三野组患者行三野淋巴结清扫根治术。比较2组患者的淋巴结转移复发率、生存率和并发症.结果 三野组患者的淋巴结平均清扫枚数和淋巴结转移率高于二野组,颈淋巴结复发率低于二野组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组患者的纵膈淋巴结复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).三野组患者的1年生存率、2年生存率和3年生存率分别为95.00％、83.33％、68.33％,明显高于二野组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).三野组患者的喉返神经损伤和吻合口痿发生率高于二野组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组患者的呼吸系统并发症、心血管并发症和胸腔感染发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 三野淋巴结清扫根治术可以更为彻底地清除老年胸中上段食管癌患者的淋巴结,降低局部复发率,提高生存率,但喉返神经损伤和吻合口瘘发生率较高.     

Clinical Research Regarding the Ratio of Lymph Node Metastasis and the Reasonable Extent of Lymphadenectomy in Middle Third Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To explore the extent of lymphadenectomy deemed reasonable by analyzing the influence of the regular pattern and ratio of lymph node metastasis on the prognosis of the patients with middle third thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.METHODS Clinical data from 129 patients with middle third thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent curative esophagectomy with modern two-field lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The rate of lymphatic metastasis in EC patients was 56.6% in all groups, and the ratio of lymph node metastasis (RLNM, i.e. positive nodes/total dissected nodes) was 11.3%, with a lymphatic metastasis rate of 43.4% in the superior mediastinum.The most commonly involved regions included the sites around the esophagus, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve and the left-sided blood vessels of stomach, as well as the cardia and the inferior tracheal protuberance. The main factors influencing lymphatic metastasis were the depth of tumor infiltration,differentiation of tumor cells and the size of the tumor. The 5-year survival rate for patients in the groups without lymphatic metastasis, with a RLNM ≤ 20%, and a metastasis ratio > 20% was 50.4%, 31.0% and 6.8%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant among the groups (P=0.000).CONCLUSION The RLNM is one of the key factors affecting the prognosis of EC patients. For conventional therapy for patients with middle third thoracic esophageal carcinoma, modern 2-field lymphadenectomy, including node dissection in the bilateral superior mediastinum, should be performed.     

现代二野淋巴结清扫食管癌切除术的疗效分析

目的 探讨食管癌切除现代二野淋巴结清扫的手术疗效及临床实际应用价值.方法 1987年6月至2007年12月间,对1690例中下段及上段食管癌患者分别采用Ivor-Lewis术式和Akiyama术式进行现代淋巴结清扫治疗,总结胸腹二野淋巴结转移的发生率以及患者术后1、3、5和10年的生存率.结果 全组患者中,有淋巴结转移713例,转移率为42.2%(713/1690).胸部淋巴结转移665例,占39.3%(665/1690),其中有胸顶气管旁三角区淋巴结转移349例,占20.7%;后上纵隔淋巴结转移444例,占26.3%;下纵隔淋巴结转移307例,占18.2%.腹部淋巴结转移339例,占20.1%.全组患者术后有278例发生312例次各种并发症,并发症的发生率为16.4%(278/1690),其中以肺部并发症为主,共136例次,占43.6%.全组患者的手术死亡率为0.2%.全组患者术后1、3、5和10年生存率分别为88.2%(1388/1574)、63.5%(868/1367)、54.8%(705/1287)和30.8%(232/754).无淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率为76.2%(448/588),有淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率为36.8%(257/699).结论 食管癌切除采用Ivor-Lewis和Akiyama术式可良好地显露胸腹二野,淋巴结清扫彻底,特别是对后上纵隔喉返神经旁、右胸顶气管旁三角区淋巴结的清扫尤为便利.对有淋巴结转移的食管癌患者施行现代二野淋巴结清扫十分必要,能显著提高患者的术后5年生存率.     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律与术后放疗范围的探讨

目的 分析胸段食管痛淋巴结转移规律、失败部位,为术后放疗范围提供依据.方法 549例食管癌根治术后患者随机进入单纯手术组(275例)和术后放疗组(274例).术后放疗组术后3～4周开始双锁骨上淋巴引流Ⅸ和全纵隔放疗50～60 Cy分25～30次5～6 周完成.结果 全组1、2个解剖1)(域淋巴结转移者5年生存率分别为31.5%、13.9%(P=0.013),单纯手术组淋巴结转移个数≥2个(82例)的分别为24.8%、4.9%(P=0.046).上、中、下段食管癌淋巴结切除均数分别为13、17、20个,上、中、下段食管癌淋巴结转移率分别为26.1%、49.6%、64.9%(χ2=15.51,P<0.01).胸段食管痛食管旁、纵隔、胃周围(贲门左、贲门右、胃小弯)淋巴结转移率分别为33.2%、12.4%、30.4%(χ2=79.93,P<0.01),在上、中、下段食管痛中食管旁淋巴结阳性率相似(61.5%、65.6%、64.9%,χ2=0.16,P>0.05).在单纯手术组,纵隔淋巴结转移和锁骨上淋巴结转移失败率上、中段分别为26.7%、29.8%和16.7%、14.3%.上段食管癌吻合口的复发率16.7%明显的高于中、下段(3.1%、7.7%,χ2=9.02,P=0.011).结论 食管癌术后生存率受淋巴结转移区域多少的影响.上段食管癌淋巴结转移率低可能与淋巴结清扣个数少有关,发牛在食管旁淋巴结转移率最高,且不受病变部位的影响.上、中段食管癌除纵隔、锁骨上区域的复发率高外,上段食管癌的吻合口也很高,这些部位应是术后放疗的重点.