牛奶纤维针织物的弱酸性染料染色

采用单因素试验和正交试验研究了牛奶纤维针织物的染色工艺,并对织物的上染率、K/S值和色牢度进行测试。结果表明牛奶纤维针织物染色的最佳条件为染色温度70℃,染液pH值4,元明粉质量浓度20 g/L,染色时间30 min。在该条件下染色的织物,耐摩擦色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度均达到4级及以上。     

安诺可隆PUD-NP环保型高坚牢度分散染料

从染料的粉尘飞扬性、大颗粒和高温分散稳定性、提升性、染色温度和pH值等方面,研究安诺可隆PUD-NP系列环保型高坚牢度分散染料上染涤纶织物的染色性能。优化的染色工艺为:染料质量分数2%(染黑色质量分数为4%),染色温度130℃,染色时间50 min,染色pH值4.0。采用该工艺染色织物具有较好的色牢度和环保性能。     

涤纶织物的新型环保载体染色

为降低涤纶织物染色温度,采用分散染料环保型载体染色法。通过分析环保型载体丁二酸二丁酯对涤纶纤维热稳定性以及玻璃化转变温度的影响试验,研究温度、时间以及载体用量对上染率的影响。结果表明,该载体对涤纶纤维具有增塑作用,对其热稳定性没有影响,可降低涤纶染色温度,提高分散染料溶解度和上染率。其优化的染色工艺为,载体4%(omf),染色温度105℃,保温时间45 min。载体染色织物颜色特征值和色牢度均与高温高压染色织物接近。     

新型双胍型功能分散染料染色及抑菌性研究

文中采用设计合成的3支含有双胍结构的功能分散染料应用于涤纶针织物的染色,通过传统分散染料高温高压染色工艺对涤纶针织物进行染色研究,探究含有双胍结构的功能分散染料的上染性能及染色织物的抗菌性能。结果表明,双胍型功能分散染料在涤纶针织物上具有很好的染色性能,上染率均大于90%,且色牢度性能优良;其中,具有典型D-π-A(给电子-桥基-吸电子)分子结构的双胍型功能分散染料,表现出更好的上染性和染色牢度;双胍型功能染料染色涤纶织物具有一定的抑菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率超过60%。     

聚甲醛针织物的性能及其染色

为了解聚甲醛针织物的理化性能和染色性能,在不同pH和温度,以及不同热定形温度下对其进行处理,测试了织物的顶破强力,并用分散紫HFRL浸渍染色,探究染色温度、时间、pH对K/S值、上染百分率、染色牢度和顶破强力的影响。结果表明:聚甲醛纤维织物不耐高温,染色温度不宜超过110℃;耐酸碱性能优良,pH在4～12的范围内顶破强力在440 N以上;最佳热定形温度为140℃,时间30 s;分散染料上染的最佳pH为4～5,染色温度110℃,为保证良好的匀染性,升温速率一般控制在1～2℃/min。采用分散染料染色的聚甲醛纤维织物色牢度整体优良。     

再生涤纶染色性能研究

以再生涤纶织物为主要研究对象,用分散红E-FB、分散黄E-3GE、分散蓝ER等3种低温型分散染料分别对常规涤纶与再生涤纶织物进行染色性能研究,通过单因素法考察温度、时间、浴比对分散染料上染两种织物K/S值的影响,并利用正交试验法,确定了低温型分散染料对再生涤纶织物的最优染色工艺。结果表明,再生涤纶染色工艺为:低温型分散染料2%,浴比1∶20,染色温度115℃,保温时间55 min。染色后的再生涤纶织物具有较好的染色深度与耐水洗色牢度。     

涤纶的苯甲酸乙酯低温载体染色工艺研究

文中将苯甲酸乙酯作为载体应用于涤纶纤维低温载体染色,研究苯甲酸乙酯对分散蓝2BLN助溶作用,探讨苯甲酸乙酯用量、染色温度与染色保温时间对涤纶纤维染色效果的影响,对比低温载体染色法与高温高压染色法的染色效果,测试率分析了K/S值、染色牢度。结果表明,苯甲酸乙酯显著提高了分散染料的溶解度,最高可达375倍,作为分散染料上染涤纶纤维的低温染色载体,最佳染色工艺条件为:苯甲酸乙酯质量浓度为3 g/L,95℃染色50 min;最佳染色工艺条件下,涤纶染色织物的K/S值可达到高温高压染色的90%以上,且耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度与高温高压染色法基本相当,均在4级以上,说明苯甲酸乙酯可作为涤纶纤维低温染色载体替代高温高压染色法。     

香蕉纤维针织物的染色工艺研究

采用活性黄KE-3G对纯香蕉纤维罗纹半空气层组织漂白针织物进行染色,介绍了其染色工艺处方及条件,探讨了碳酸钠用量、氯化钠浓度、固色温度及时间对该织物染色上染率和K/S值的影响,得出最优工艺:氯化钠为25g/L,碳酸钠为20g/L,染色温度60℃,染色时间30min,固色温度85℃,固色时间30min,浴比1∶20。依据最优工艺对该织物染色,测试其上染率、K/S值、织物强力,以及耐摩擦色牢度和耐洗色牢度。结果表明,纯香蕉纤维针织物的上染率可达69.89%,耐摩擦色牢度和耐皂洗色牢度达到4~5级,顶破强力有所下降,但对织物性能的影响不大。     

分散型阳离子荧光染料

采用分散型阳离子荧光染料对改性涤纶织物进行染色,研究了染料浓度、染色温度、染色时间、染浴pH值等因素对染色织物K/S值和荧光性能的影响。结果表明,分散型阳离子荧光染料上染改性涤纶织物的最佳工艺:染料2%(omf),染色温度120℃,染色时间40 min,染色pH值4.5。在该工艺条件下,改性涤纶织物具有较好的染色效果和色牢度。     

超细旦涤纶织物的分散染料染色性能北大核心

选择超细旦涤纶分散染料与常规分散染料对超细旦涤纶织物进行染色性能研究,对比两套分散染料提升性,探究染色时间、浴比及pH对染色织物K/S值的影响;使用增深剂PUR-6204和ASA-6220对超细旦涤纶织物进行增深整理,并测试染色织物的色牢度。结果表明,超细旦涤纶分散染料提升性更好,优化的染色工艺为:染色时间30 min,浴比为1∶20,pH=4~5。增深剂ASA-6220对染色织物的增深效果更好,染色织物的耐摩擦色牢度在3~4级以上,耐皂洗色牢度在3级以上,耐日晒色牢度为4级,耐升华色牢度为4~5级,具有良好的服用性能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the