薄膜全耗尽SOI CMOS器件和电路

对全耗尽SOI(FD SOI)CMOS器件和电路进行了研究,硅膜厚度为70nm.器件采用双多晶硅栅结构,即NMOS器件采用P+多晶硅栅,PMOS器件采用N+多晶硅栅,在轻沟道掺杂条件下,得到器件的阈值电压接近0.7V.为了减小源漏电阻以及防止在沟道边缘出现空洞(Voids),采用了注Ge硅化物工艺,源漏方块电阻约为5.2Ω/□.经过工艺流片,获得了性能良好的器件和电路.其中当工作电压为5V时,0.8μm 101级环振单级延迟为45ps.     

薄膜全耗尽SOICMOS器件和电路

对全耗尽 SOI(FD SOI) CMOS器件和电路进行了研究 ,硅膜厚度为 70 nm.器件采用双多晶硅栅结构 ,即NMOS器件采用 P+多晶硅栅 ,PMOS器件采用 N+多晶硅栅 ,在轻沟道掺杂条件下 ,得到器件的阈值电压接近0 .7V.为了减小源漏电阻以及防止在沟道边缘出现空洞 (V oids) ,采用了注 Ge硅化物工艺 ,源漏方块电阻约为5 .2Ω /□ .经过工艺流片 ,获得了性能良好的器件和电路 .其中当工作电压为 5 V时 ,0 .8μm 10 1级环振单级延迟为 45 ps     

Ge预非晶化硅化物工艺的研究

对全耗尽SOI CMOS技术中的Ge预非晶化硅化物工艺进行了研究．Ge的注入，使Si非晶化，减小了硅化物的形成能量．Ti硅化物在非晶层上形成．与传统的Ti硅化物相比，注Ge硅化物工艺有两个明显的特点：一是硅化物形成温度较低；二是硅化物厚度容易控制．采用注Ge硅化物工艺，使源漏薄层电阻约为5.2Ω/□．经过工艺流片，获得了性能良好的器件和电路，其中，当工作电压为5V时，0.8μm 101级环振电路延迟为45ps．     

Ge预非晶化硅化物工艺的研究

对全耗尽SOI CMOS技术中的Ge预非晶化硅化物工艺进行了研究．Ge的注入，使Si非晶化，减小了硅化物的形成能量．Ti硅化物在非晶层上形成．与传统的Ti硅化物相比，注Ge硅化物工艺有两个明显的特点：一是硅化物形成温度较低；二是硅化物厚度容易控制．采用注Ge硅化物工艺，使源漏薄层电阻约为5.2Ω/□．经过工艺流片，获得了性能良好的器件和电路，其中，当工作电压为5V时，0.8μm 101级环振电路延迟为45ps．     

SOI和体硅MOSFET大信号非准静态效应比较研究

研究了全耗尽SOI、部分耗尽SOI和体硅NMOS器件中源、漏、栅和衬底电流的非准静态现象。研究表明,在相同的结构参数下,体硅器件的非准静态效应最强,PDSOI次之,FDSOI最弱。指出了沟道源、漏端反型时间和反型程度的不同是造成非准静态效应的内在原因。最后提出临界升压时间的概念,以此对非准静态效应进行定量表征,深入研究器件结构参数对非准静态效应的影响规律。结果显示,通过缩短沟道长度、降低沟道掺杂浓度、减小硅膜厚度和栅氧厚度、提高埋氧层厚度等手段,可以弱化SOI射频MOS器件中的非准静态效应。     

SOI CMOS器件研究

利用0．35μm工艺条件实现了性能优良的小尺寸全耗尽的器件硅绝缘体技术（SOI）互补金属氧化物半导体（FD SOI CMOS）器件,器件制作采用双多晶硅栅工艺、低掺杂浓度源／漏（LDD）结构以及突起的源漏区。这种结构的器件防止漏的击穿,减小短沟道效应（SCE）和漏感应势垒降低效应（DIBL）;突起的源漏区增加了源漏区的厚度并减小源漏区的串联电阻,增强了器件的电流驱动能力。设计了101级环形振荡器电路,并对该电路进行测试与分析。根据在3V工作电压下环形振荡器电路的振荡波形图,计算出其单级门延迟时间为45ps,远小于体硅CMOS的单级门延迟时间。     

不同偏置下全耗尽SOI NMOSFET总剂量抗辐射的研究

研究了不同偏置条件下,全耗尽SOI NMOSFET的总剂量抗辐射特性,主要讨论不同偏置条件对器件中陷获电荷的产生和分布,以及由此对器件性能产生的影响.通过器件模拟发现,在辐射过程中器件的偏置条件不同,造成器件的有源区和埋氧层中电场的分布有着很大的差异.而俘获电荷的产生与电场又有着紧密的联系,所以造成了俘获电荷的分布和密度有很大的不同,从而对器件的影响也不同.模拟结果表明,在三种不同的偏置条件下,OFF态(关态)时背沟道附近陷获电荷密度最高,以常数电流法估算出的阈值电压负漂移最大,同时引起了最大的本底静态漏电流.     

不同偏置下全耗尽SOI NMOSFET总剂量抗辐射的研究

研究了不同偏置条件下,全耗尽SOI NMOSFET的总剂量抗辐射特性,主要讨论不同偏置条件对器件中陷获电荷的产生和分布,以及由此对器件性能产生的影响.通过器件模拟发现,在辐射过程中器件的偏置条件不同,造成器件的有源区和埋氧层中电场的分布有着很大的差异.而俘获电荷的产生与电场又有着紧密的联系,所以造成了俘获电荷的分布和密度有很大的不同,从而对器件的影响也不同.模拟结果表明,在三种不同的偏置条件下,OFF态（关态）时背沟道附近陷获电荷密度最高,以常数电流法估算出的阈值电压负漂移最大,同时引起了最大的本底静态漏电流.     

SOI CMOS器件研究

利用0.35μm工艺条件实现了性能优良的小尺寸全耗尽的器件硅绝缘体技术(SOI)互补金属氧化物半导体(FD SOI CMOS)器件,器件制作采用双多晶硅栅工艺、低掺杂浓度源/漏(LDD)结构以及突起的源漏区。这种结构的器件防止漏的击穿,减小短沟道效应(SCE)和漏感应势垒降低效应(DIBL);突起的源漏区增加了源漏区的厚度并减小源漏区的串联电阻,增强了器件的电流驱动能力。设计了101级环形振荡器电路,并对该电路进行测试与分析。根据在3V工作电压下环形振荡器电路的振荡波形图,计算出其单级门延迟时间为45ps,远小于体硅CMOS的单级门延迟时间。     

部分耗尽0.8μm SOI CMOS工艺P+源漏电阻实验设计

文章对部分耗尽0.8μm SOI CMOS工艺源漏电阻产生影响的四个主要因素采用二水平全因子实验设计[1],分析结果表明在注入能量、剂量、束流和硅膜厚度因素中,硅膜厚度显著影响P+源漏电阻,当顶层硅膜厚度充分时,P+源漏电阻工艺窗口大。实验指出注入能量未处于合理的范围,导致源漏电阻工艺窗口不足,影响0.8μm SOI工艺成品率。通过实验优化后部分耗尽0.8μm SOI CMOS工艺P+源漏电阻达到小于200Ω/□,工艺能力显著提高到Ppk>2.01水平,充分满足部分耗尽0.8μm SOICMOS工艺P+源漏电阻需求。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.