聚酯纤维固相缩聚和拉伸试验研究

对聚酯纤维进行固相缩聚,分别进行了纤维在松弛状态下和在紧张状态下的固相缩聚试验,成功制取了卷绕状态下的高黏度聚酯纤维,纤维特性黏度达到1.003dL/g。通过对这种高黏度聚酯纤维的拉伸试验,制取了强度达到7.03cN/dtex的高强纤维,而对比实验的纤维经过拉伸,强度只有5.40cN/dtex。     

SA/PTA/EG共聚酯纤维的性能研究

将丁二酸(SA)部分取代对苯二甲酸(PTA),与玉米基乙二醇(EG)共聚制得SA/PTA/EG共聚酯并对其进行纺丝,研究了共聚酯纤维的可纺性、力学性能和染色性能。结果表明:SA/PTA/EG共聚酯的纺丝温度较常规聚酯的纺丝温度约低25℃。随着SA含量的增加,共聚酯纤维的模量和声速取向度降低,沸水收缩率增加,但SA质量分数(相对于PTA)不宜大于20%。共聚酯纤维染色性能优异,染色温度约90℃,上染率可达90%以上,其耐摩擦牢度和耐洗色牢度均不低于4级。     

复合纤维及异形纤维

985227皮一芯复合型聚醋纤维高速纺工艺:高、低分子量聚酉旨体系Radhakrishnan J.…;Text.Res.J.,1997,67,(9),p .684一694(英)高分子最聚酚(HMPET,Iv~1.02dL/g)和低分子量聚酚(IJMPET,xV=0.65dL/g)在1一7km/min的卷绕速度一l:复合纺丝得到皮芯结构纤维。研究人员对双组份纤维的初生丝进行了分析,发现相对于各组份单独纺丝而言HMPET组份的取向和结晶诱导取向提高了,而LMPET组份则相应降低。通过牛顿模型的数字模拟显示在高速纺丝状态下,HM-PET组份的拉伸应力被提高,而LMPET组份则下降。拉伸枯度的不同是影响两个组份之间相…     

三叶异形聚乳酸纤维的熔融纺丝及其性能研究

以特性粘数1．51 dL／g的聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,采用三叶异形喷丝板一步法熔融纺丝制备出异形度为52％的三叶异形PLA纤维,研究了其热性能和机械性能。结果表明,PLA纤维的断裂强度和初始模量随拉伸倍数的增加而提高,经4倍拉伸,其断裂强度为2．39 cN／dtex,初始模量为17．27 cN／dtex。由于PLA的慢速冷却结晶过程,纤维在成形过程中形成不同晶层厚度的结晶结构。纺丝过程中纤维皮层结构受到更大的拉伸取向作用,并在纤维表面出现一定游离原纤化结构。     

20头PBT/PET复合纤维生产技术

选用PBT切片特性黏度1.09 dL/g,经固相增黏待其特性黏度达到1.27 dL/g时使用,PET切片特性黏度0.5 dL/g;复合丝纺丝箱采用3箱结构,拉伸设备采用3组辊的机型;以生产83 dtex/32 f为例,对复合比、拉伸比、纺丝温度、喷丝板孔对产品特性的影响进行了论述。     

卷绕速度对PTT初生纤维结构与性能的影响

PTT特性粘数0.935 dL/g,卷绕速度2 500-4 000m/min,熔融纺丝制备PTT初生纤维(PTT/POY),研究了卷绕速度对其结构和性能的影响。结果表明:提高卷绕速度,PTT/POY的玻璃化温度、结晶度和密度提高,冷结晶温度和过热度降低;晶面距和晶粒尺寸略有增加,双折射先逐渐增加,达到最大值后降低,声速取向因子则逐渐增加,但非晶区取向大分子链的取向度随之减小。随卷绕速度的提高,PTT/POY的断裂强度和初始模量增加,而断裂伸长率和断裂比功降低。热拉伸倍数与卷绕速度有关,2 500~4 000 m/min时,应取1.18~1.57。     

聚酰胺/聚酯皮芯复合纤维的研究开发

聚酯纤维具有模量高、价格低廉的优点,但是存在静电和不易着色;而聚酰胺纤维具有较好的染色性、吸湿性等优点,但是模量较低且成本较高。为充分利用聚酰胺和聚酯的优点而克服因两者相容性差导致的成形问题,从原料黏弹性、挤出成形温度、热拉伸等多个方面入手,探讨提高聚酰胺/聚酯皮芯复合纺丝稳定性的技术方案。流变和纺丝试验结果表明:缩小熔体温度差,使聚酯和聚酰胺熔体黏度相近时,可制备结构稳定、性能较好的皮芯复合纤维;在拉伸温度偏向聚酯组分的拉伸温度时,聚酰胺/聚酯皮芯复合纤维的皮层和芯层组分更易做到同步拉伸;所制备的复合纤维平衡回潮率>2%,并且可以采用常规酸性染料染色,避免了常规聚酯纤维高温高压染色且因染色过程中碱减量造成的环境污染。     

高模量低收缩涤纶工业丝的开发

采用特性黏数0.67 dL/g的大有光涤纶切片,通过固相缩聚后高速纺丝,生产高模量低收缩涤纶工业丝,讨论了纺丝工艺条件对纤维性能的影响。结果表明:控制涤纶无油丝特性黏数大于等于0.95 dL/g,纺丝速度3 400 m/min,喷丝头拉伸倍数约300,适当降低后加热器温度或缩短隔热区长度,有利于提高涤纶工业丝的模量和尺寸稳定性(DS值);生产的167 dtex涤纶工业丝断裂强度7.6 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率10.8%,干热收缩率3.1%,定负荷伸长5.3%,DS值8.4%。     

染色改性共聚酯的可纺性及其纤维结构性能研究

在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)分子链上分别引入聚醚、间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPE)、脂肪酯类,得到染色改性共聚酯(简称共聚酯);将共聚酯进行纺丝、拉伸,制得共聚酯纤维,讨论了共聚酯的可纺性;利用差示扫描量热分析仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪等研究了共聚酯纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:通过纺丝工艺调整,共聚酯均具有良好的可纺性能;与PET的XRD光谱相比,共聚酯3个主晶面■的衍射峰位置基本没有改变;相比PET纤维,共聚酯纤维的取向度和结晶度以及断裂强度和伸长率有不同程度的下降,而沸水收缩率上升;单体SIPE和柔性链的加入明显改善了共聚酯纤维的染色性能,其上染率和染色深度(K/S值)显著提高,其中醚型和酯型常压阳离子染料可染共聚酯的上染率均大于97%,K/S值均大于28。     

PP-g-MAH增容PP/PA-66共混物形态结构和性能

用固相接枝法制备了马来酸酐接枝改性聚丙烯(PP g MAH),研究了PP g MAH增容PP/PA 66共混物的形态结构和性能。结果表明,用PP g MAH增容的PP/PA 66共混物的拉伸强度提高约10MPa,弯曲强度、弯曲模量有所提高,缺口冲击强度和伸长率保持不变。     

Solid‐state polymerization of melt‐spun poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers and their tensile properties

The production of high modulus and high strength poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers was examined by using commercially available melt‐spun fibers with normal molecular weight (intrinsic viscosity = 0.6 dL/g). First, molecular weight of as‐spun fibers was increased up to 2.20 dL/g by a solid‐state polymerization, keeping the original shape of as‐spun fibers. Second, the polymerized as‐spun fibers were drawn by a conventional tensile drawing. The achieved tensile modulus and strength of as‐drawn fibers (without heat setting) were 20.0 and 1.1 GPa, respectively. A heat setting was carried out for the as‐drawn fibers. Tensile properties of the treated fibers were greatly affected by the condition of the heat setting. This was related to the increase of sample crystallinity and molecular degradation during the treatments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1791–1797, 2007     

抗起球阳离子易染聚酯纤维的纺制

本文对辽化研究院三种配方的共聚酯切片试纺并测试了纤维的结构性能,得到了一种可纺性较好的抗起球阳离子共聚酯.又对该共聚酯的纺丝工艺和拉伸条件进行试验,得到了合适的纺丝和拉伸工艺,讨论了拉伸条件对纤维性能的影响.     

擦拭用复合纤维丝束生产工艺的研究

按照擦拭用复合纤维丝束本身特殊的质量要求和生产工艺制备低熔点热黏合皮芯复合纤维。就其生产工艺及设备、质量要求、工艺原理以及工艺参数进行探讨。主要工艺参数:PET特性黏度1.0dL/g,复合比(PE/PET)40/60,拉伸倍数3.5,拉伸温度85℃,卷曲温度90℃,松弛定形温度100～105℃,定形时间20min。产品质量可靠,能满足客户对纤维产品高强高模、优良卷曲回复率和高卷曲峰谷高度(一定的波峰角)的要求,并已获国家专利。     

Structures and properties of easily dyeable copolyesters and their fibers respectively modified by three kinds of diols

Three kinds of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyesters were synthesized, using sodium‐5‐sulfo‐bis‐(hydroxyethyl)‐isophthalate as the third monomer, 1,3‐propanediol (PDO), 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (MPD), and 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol (neopentyl glycol or NPG) as the fourth monomer, respectively. The copolyester fibers were also prepared by melt spinning and drawing processes. The effect of PDO, MPD, and NPG on the synthesis and spinning process was investigated, and the structures and properties of both copolyesters and the produced fibers were characterized. The results exhibited that the structural difference of PDO, MPD, and NPG played an important role in the synthesis and spinning process, and significantly affected the structures and properties of both copolyesters and the produced fibers, which thereby resulted in the difference in terms of dyeability improvement of copolyester fibers. The dyeing at boiling temperature under normal pressure experiments of copolyester fibers in both disperse dyebath and cationic dyebath revealed that incorporation of the fourth monomer could improve the dyeability of copolyester fiber, and copolyester fiber containing MPD unit had better dyeability due to a looser, more accessible structure when compared with the fiber containing PDO or NPG unit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Formation and properties of polyester/copolyester conjugate fibers prepared by ultra‐high‐speed melt spinning technique

In this study, three types of conjugate fibers, sea‐islands type, orange split type, and side by side type, were prepared by using an on‐line steaming process through a high‐speed spinning technique in order to improve the processibility, efficiency, and properties of the fibers. It was found that the weight reduction ratios of orange split and sea‐island polyester/copolyester fibers were higher than that of polyester fibers. The SEM results indicate that the split time was shortened by using the ultra‐high‐speed melt spinning process. The nozzle‐draft increased and elongation decreased for side by side conjugate fibers after the spin speed was increased. The elasticity and crimp ratio of side by side conjugate fibers were significantly affected by the drawing temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Study of Optical and Structure Properties of Polyester (PET) and Copolyester (PETG) Fibers by Interferometry

In this article results on the influence of drawing on the optical and structure properties of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) and copolyester (glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate) (4 wt% of ethylene glycol) fibers are reported. Refractive indices, intrinsic birefringence, mean polarizability per unit volume, optical orientation function, density, volume fraction of crystalline material, weight fraction crystallinity, and volume fraction of amorphous and work per chain of these fibers have been evaluated at different draw ratios. A comparison of optical and structure parameters for copolyester fiber and referenced monopolyester fiber has been done. This study has been carried out by means of computerized double-refracting Pluta interference microscope combined with opto-mechanical devices. Microinterferograms and relationships between the parameters obtained are given for illustration.     

Studies on the synthesis and properties of soluble homo- and copolyester–imide derived from imide–diacid

A series of polyester–imides was prepared from diacid (imid–diacid [ M1–M4 ] or a mixture of imide–diacid and terephthalic acid [TPA]) and bisphenol A in the presence of diphenyl chlorophosphate (DPCP) and pyridine as a direct condensation agent. The inherent viscosites of homo- and copolyester–imides were in the range of 0.39–0.58 dL/g. Almost all these homo- and copolyester–imides were completely soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), dimethylformamide (DMF), and m-cresol. The thermal properties of homo- and copolyester–imides were examined by DSC and TGA. These copolyester–imides had glass transition temperatures in the range of 95–240°C and a 5% weight loss was observed in the range of 354–465°C. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

吸水涤纶碱水解及其动力学研究——聚酯—共聚酯纤维

本文主要讨论温度、时间、催化剂浓度等对聚酯—共聚酯纤维碱水解及其动力学的影响,同时考察了纤维表面形态。研究结果对吸水纤维的制造与开发有重要意义。     

高档服装面料专用纤维的开发

通过对抗起毛、抗起球阳离子染料易染聚酯(双抗ECDP)切片的纺丝实验,重点考察了抗起球剂的加入对纺丝的影响,以及切片内在指标和制备工艺对纤维性能的影响。实验结果表明,双抗ECDP纤维中抗起球剂的添加量以不超过1‰为宜;纺制双抗ECDP纤维的切片特性黏度指标需要在0.58～0.67dL/g间调整。     

The preparation of oriented morphologies of the thermotropic aromatic copolyester of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and 80 mole percent p-acetoxybenzoic acid

Highly oriented morphologies of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and 80 mole percent p-acetoxybenzoic acid were prepared by shearing in an optical plate-plate rheometer and by melt fiber drawing in a temperature range at which the copolyester was either in the semicrystalline state or liquid crystalline phase. The optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the oriented films and drawn fibers depended significantly on the processing temperature.