齐墩果酸对谷氨酸诱导神经细胞损伤的影响

目的 研究齐墩果酸(oleanolie acid,OA)对谷氨酸诱导大鼠海马神经元损伤的影响.方法 选用新生Wistar大鼠原代培养海马神经元,建立谷氨酸细胞毒性模型,借助于共聚焦显微镜结合钙荧光指示剂Fluo-3-AM观察OA对海马神经元[Ca2 ]i的影响.结果 1、10、100 μmol/L OA 谷氨酸组细胞内[Ca2 ]i均明显下降,与谷氨酸对照组相比[Ca2 ]i分别降低了0.32±0.05,0.41±0.06和0.43±0.09,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 OA可以降低谷氨酸诱导海马神经元[Ca2 ]i升高,对谷氨酸诱导的海马神经元损伤有一定的保护作用.     

吗啡对大鼠培养海马神经元钙离子作用机制的研究

目的 研究吗啡对海马神经元游离子浓度([Ca^2 ]i)影响的机制，探索吗啡成瘾的神经生物学机制及对吗啡成瘾可能的治疗途径。方法 运用新型荧光探针Fluo-4 , 利用激光共聚焦显微镜研究吗啡对大鼠培养海马神经元[Ca^2 ]i作用机制。结果 10μmol/L吗啡急性刺激引起海马神经元[Ca^2 ]i升高，μ阿片受体选择性拮抗剂CTOP（1μmol/L）不能阻断吗啡引起的细胞内[Ca^2 ]i增加，δ2阿片受体选择性拮抗剂Naltrindole(1μmol/L）阻断了吗啡引起的细胞内[Ca^2 ]i反应，特异性的内质网钙泵抑制剂Thapsigargin(TG,1μmol/L）预处理海马神经元组断吗啡引起的细胞内[Ca^2 ]i增加，L－钙通道阻断剂Verapamil(20μmol/L）预处理海马神经元不能完全抑制吗啡引起的细胞内[Ca^2 ]i增加；100μmol/L吗啡长时程（24h）作用于海马神经元，细胞内[Ca^2 ]i升高，加入10μmol/L纳络酮急性戒断后，不能阻断细胞内[Ca^2 ]i升高，反而引起[Ca^2 ]i异常升高。结论 吗啡急性刺激引起的海马神经元内钙增加主要来源于δ2阿片受体介导的IP3敏感的钙库释放。     

睫状神经营养因子对毒胡萝卜素所致大鼠海马神经元[Ca2+]i升高的抑制作用

目的:观察睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)对内质网钙泵特异性抑制剂毒胡萝卜素(thapsigargin,Tg)引起海马神经元内胞质游离Ca2 浓度([Ca2 ]i)升高的抑制作用.方法:出生24 h以内SD大鼠海马神经元原代培养10～14 d备用,以活细胞内荧光探针Frua2/AM 实时检测[Ca2 ]i.实验分3组:A组(n=20),EGTA(3 mmol/L);B组(n=40),EGTA(3 mmol/L) Tg(10 μmol/L);C组(n=12),EGTA(3 mmol/L) Tg(10 μmol/L) CNTF(500 U/μl).结果:用足量EGTA螯合细胞外Ca2 后,测得[Ca2 ]i≤(30.73±7.25) nmol/L;加入EGTA Tg后,[Ca2 ]i显著升高([Ca2 ]i≥[91.55±12.24] nmol/L);加入EGTA Tg CNTF后,升高的[Ca2 ]i明显降低([Ca2 ]i≤[26.09±7.16] nmol/L,P<0.01).结论:CNTF可明显减弱Tg的钙库质膜钙泵抑制作用,使胞质[Ca2 ]i降低.提示CNTF通过增加胞内钙库对细胞内游离Ca2 的吸收作用来降低海马神经元的Ca2 负荷.     

普罗托品对大鼠血管平滑肌收缩反应及细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的探讨普罗托品(protopine, Pro)对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度的影响.方法采用无Ca2 -复Ca2 的实验法,间接观察Pro对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca2 ]i)的可能影响,再利用钙荧光指示剂Fura-2/AM负载的培养大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞,直接观察在Pro存在下,对去甲肾上腺素(NA)和高钾所致的 [Ca2 ]i的升高的影响.结果在无钙Krebs液中,Pro 10、30、100 μmol/L对NA所致血管条的短暂收缩均有明显的浓度依赖性抑制作用,对复Ca2 后NA所诱发的持续收缩也呈剂量依赖性抑制作用.在Fura-2/AM负载血管平滑肌细胞的实验表明,Pro (50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L) 对静息时的 [Ca2 ]i无明显影响;在有外钙存在条件下,Pro 50 μmol/L能明显降低NA所致[Ca2 ]i的升高,对KCl引起的 [Ca2 ]i 升高有降低趋势;当Pro的浓度增加到100 μmol/L时,对NA和KCl引起的 [Ca2 ]i升高均有明显的抑制作用.结论 Pro可能通过抑制Ca2 释放和(或)Ca2 内流来降低NA和高钾所致血管平滑肌[Ca2 ]i的升高,从而抑制血管平滑肌的收缩反应.     

Na+,K+-ATP酶参与缺氧所致大鼠皮质神经元内钙升高

目的:探讨Na ,K -ATP酶对缺氧所致大鼠皮质神经元内钙升高的影响.方法:采用激光共聚焦显微镜及可视化动缘探测系统,测定培养大鼠皮质神经元在缺氧不同时间和双氢哇巴因(DHO,一种Na -K -ATP酶抑制剂)不同浓度时细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2 ]i)和细胞内钠离子浓度([Na ]i),并观察DHO对缺氧后神经元[Ca2 ]i和[Na ]i升高作用的影响.结果:DHO(10-9～10-3mol/L)和缺氧(4～20 min)均可显著升高正常皮质神经元[Ca2 ]i和[Na ]i,并分别具有剂量依赖性和时间依赖性.在缺氧4 min时皮质神经元[Ca2 ]i和[Na ]i即明显升高,此时给予DHO 10-3mol/L可使二者进一步升高;但当皮质神经元缺氧15 min后,再给予相同剂量的DHO则不能使[Ca2 ]i和[Na ]i进一步增加;若对DHO(10-3mol/L)预先升高[Ca2 ]i的正常神经元再进行缺氧灌流,则[Ca2 ]i不继续升高.结论: Na ,K -ATP酶抑制是缺氧所致大鼠皮质神经元[Ca2 ]i升高的机制之一.     

地塞米松快速抑制大鼠背根神经节细胞中ATP所致的钙升高

目的 通过观察地塞米松对大鼠背根节神经元中ATP所致的细胞内游离钙离子浓度(intracellular calcium concentration,[ca2+]i)升高的影响,了解糖皮质激素是否通过非基因组作用影响初级感觉神经元的兴奋性.方法 分离、培养大鼠背根神经节细胞,采用激光共聚焦技术观察地塞米松对培养神经元ATP所致的[Ca2+]i升高的影响.结果 ATP(100 μmol/L)可导致背根节神经元[Ca2+]i升高,是由P2X受体介导细胞外Ca2+内流所致;地寨米松预孵育5 min可剂量依赖性地抑制背根节神经元ATP所致的[Ca2+]i升高,地塞米松的抑制作用可被糖皮质激素受体拮抗剂RU38486(10 μmol/L)、蛋白激酶A抑制剂H-89(10 μmol/L)所阻断.结论 地塞米松通过糖皮质激素受体激活细胞内蛋白激酶A信号途径可显著抑制大鼠背根节神经元ATP所致的[Ca2+]i升高.糖皮质激素可通过非基因组作用影响初级感觉神经元的ATP/P2X受体功能而参与痛觉的调制.     

不同浓度染铅大鼠海马神经元Ca_(2 )浓度与LTP关系的研究

目的 :探讨铅对大鼠海马神经元 Ca2 浓度的影响及其与长时程增强 (L TP)的关系。方法 :断乳后 Wistar大鼠自由饮用不同浓度醋酸铅溶液 (0 .0 15 % ,0 .10 % ,0 .15 % ) ,建立慢性染铅动物模型。高频刺激 (HFS)海马区诱发长时程变化后 ,分离海马神经元 ,测定 [Ca2 ]i。结果 :各染铅组大鼠海马神经元 [Ca2 ]i与对照组比较均明显增高(P <0 .0 5 ) ;血铅浓度 (3.2 8± 0 .88) μm ol/ L 以上时海马 L TP产生率下降 ,三染铅组 PS幅值均降低 ,L TP阴性组 [Ca2 ]i 明显高于 L TP阳性组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :慢性染铅可使 HFS后大鼠海马神经元 [Ca2 ]i 升高 ,损害海马区 L TP的在体诱导 ;铅致 L TP发生率下降与海马神经元 [Ca2 ]i 增高有关     

三磷酸腺苷引起大鼠三叉神经节胞内钙离子信号转导机制的研究

目的探讨三磷酸腺苷(ATP)对三叉神经痛大鼠感觉神经元内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响及其信号转导机制。方法 SD大鼠眶下神经缩窄造成三叉神经痛模型,造模后1周处死大鼠,取出三叉神经节(TG),分离出完整的小直径神经元(﹤600μm2)用于钙离子成像,通过使用荧光染料来标记相关激动剂,检测毒胡萝卜内酯(Tg,1μmol/L)、咖啡因(Caff,20 mmol/L)和ATP(100μmol/L)作用下TG小直径神经元内[Ca2+]i变化。结果①在正常外液和无钙外液中,在大鼠TG小直径神经元上分别给予Tg、Caff和ATP均能够引起[Ca2+]i不同程度升高;②在无钙外液中,ATP引起的TG神经元[Ca2+]i升高可被Tg可逆性地抑制(n=8,P<0.01);③在无钙外液中,ATP引起的TG神经元[Ca2+]i升高可被P2受体阻断剂苏拉明(suramin,100μmol/L)明显抑制;④在正常外液中,Tg引起TG神经元[Ca2+]i升高,当升高达到最大后再次给予ATP,仍然能引起[Ca2+]i进一步升高。结论在大鼠TG神经元中同时存在IP3敏感钙库和ryanodine敏感钙库。ATP可通过两种途径引起细胞内[Ca2+]i升高,一种途径是激动P2Y受体引起IP3敏感钙库的Ca2+释放,另一种途径是激动P2X受体引起细胞外Ca2+内流。在无钙外液中,ATP引起的TG神经元[Ca2+]i升高是通过IP3敏感钙库释放引起的。     

硝苯地平和SK&F96365对环匹阿尼酸引起的平滑肌细胞质游离Ca2+ 浓度升高作用的影响

目的探讨介导Ca2+池操纵性Ca2+内流的Ca2+通道特性. 方法以Fura-2荧光探针测定细胞质游离Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i). 结果 (1)10 μmol/L环匹阿尼酸(CPA)可触发大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞[Ca2+]i的双相升高(峰值和持续相).(2)SK&F96365(5～40 μmol/L)以浓度依赖性抑制CPA触发的[Ca2+]i升高持续相.(3)1 μmol/L硝苯地平阻断电压依赖性Ca2+通道后,20 μmol/L SK&F96365仍能抑制CPA触发的[Ca2+]i升高持续相;而在20 μmol/L SK&F96365抑制CPA触发[Ca2+]i升高持续相后,1 μmol/L硝苯地平不能产生进一步的抑制作用. 结论电压依赖性Ca2+通道和Ca2+池操纵性Ca2+通道介导了Ca2+池操纵性Ca2+内流.     

柴胡皂苷元D对C6大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞内游离Ca2+浓度的影响

目的探讨柴胡皂苷元D (Saikogenin D, SGD)对C6大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞内游离Ca2 浓度[Ca2 ]i的影响.方法采用 Fura-2/AM荧光指示剂测定SGD引起的C6大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞[Ca2 ]i变化.结果 SGD(1×10-5～1×10-4 mol/L)剂量依赖性地升高[Ca2 ]i,其EC50为3.5×10-5 mol/L.SGD的升高[Ca2 ]i作用被Thapsigargin显著降低.2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB, 1×10-4 mol/L) 和 U73122 (2×10-6 mol/L)显著降低组胺的升高[Ca2 ]i作用,但对SGD的升高[Ca2 ]i作用无影响.咖啡因和阿诺碱不影响SGD升高[Ca2 ]i.结论 SGD通过独立于肌醇三磷酸(IP3)受体系统和阿诺碱受体系统的机制,引起细胞内钙释放,导致[Ca2 ]i升高.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.