纳米硅羟基磷灰石分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了纳米硅羟基磷灰石(Si-HAP)分离富集,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定水样中痕量铅的新方法。考察了铅在纳米Si-HAP上的吸附动力学、最佳酸度和吸附容量。实验结果表明:在最佳实验条件下,纳米Si-HAP能定量、快速地吸附水中的痕量Pb2+,其静态吸附容量24.33 mg/g;吸附在纳米Si-HAP上的Pb2+可用0.01mol/L EDTA-Ca完全洗脱。本法对Pb2+的检出限为1.33 ng/mL,相对标准偏差为4.0%(n=11,c=1μg/mL),加标回收率在94.9%~102.0%之间。方法用于实际水样中铅的测定,结果满意。     

中孔分子筛SBA-15-NH2 分离富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定烟花中痕量钯的研究与应用

建立了中孔分子筛SBA-15-NH2分离富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钯的新方法,探讨了中孔分子筛SBA-15-NH2材料吸附钯的原理和最佳条件.在pH 3.0、温度为(15±1) ℃的条件下,钯可被该材料定量吸附,其吸附容量为1.21 mg/g.吸附的钯用饱和硫脲溶液洗脱,并用火焰原子吸收法测定洗脱的钯.该方法测定钯的检出限为0.59 μg/L(3σ,n=11),线性范围为0.002 ～1.2 mg/L,加标回收率为98% ～107%.对0.05 mg/L的Pd2+溶液平行测定7次,RSD为2.24%.方法用于烟花中痕量钯的测定,结果满意.     

中孔分子筛P123-SH分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水样中镉

利用自制的中孔分子筛P123-SH作为镉的分离富集新材料,探讨了中孔分子筛P123-SH吸附镉的原理,优化了测定镉最佳条件。在pH6.5,室温下恒温振荡15min,镉可被该材料定量吸附,其静态吸附容量为9.52mg/g。吸附的镉可用2mol/LHCl洗脱,用火焰原子吸收法测定洗脱下来的镉。该方法线性范围为0.80～120μg/L;检出限为0.12μg/L,对50μg/LCd2 溶液平行测定7次,RSD=2.1%。此法已成功地应用于环境水样中痕量镉的测定。     

双硫腙修饰纳米TiO2分离富集石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量金属离子

建立了双硫腙修饰纳米TiO2分离富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量镉、铬和铅的新方法,优化了纳米TiO2-双硫腙对试样中这3种痕量物质的吸附和解吸条件。结果表明,在pH 5.0时,镉、铬和铅可被定量吸附,静态饱和吸附容量分别为13.3、5.5、21.8 mg/g。吸附的各种金属离子可用5 mL 0.1mol/L的硝酸完全洗脱。该方法对Cd2+、Cr3+和Pb2+的检出限(3σ,n=11)分别为0.18、0.51、1.92 ng/L,相对标准偏差分别为2.8%、2.3%和1.0%,加标回收率为96%～101%。该方法已成功应用于环境水样中镉、铬和铅的测定。     

三乙烯四胺修饰β-环糊精交联树脂分离富集/原子吸收法测定大米中的铅、镉

该文制备了一种新型吸附材料三乙烯四胺修饰β-环糊精交联树脂(TETA-β-CDP),并对其进行红外光谱表征,优化了该吸附材料对痕量铅、镉的吸附和解析条件,建立了动态条件下同时分离富集/原子吸收光谱测定大米中铅和镉的新方法。在p H 5.5时,样品溶液以1.0 m L/min流速过柱,试液中的Pb2+和Cd2+可被该树脂定量富集,其动态饱和吸附容量分别为22.8,31.3 mg/g,吸附在TETA-β-CDP上的Pb2+和Cd2+可用0.1 mol/L HCl以0.8 m L/min流速完全洗脱。该方法对铅、镉的检出限(3σ,n=11)分别为0.038 mg/L和0.016 mg/L;线性范围分别为0.2~20 mg/L和0.05~2.5 mg/L;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.8%和1.7%;加标回收率分别为97.5%~101.0%和95.0%~102.5%。该方法用于大米样品中痕量铅、镉的测定,结果满意。     

分子印迹功能介孔材料富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定溶液中痕量铅

以2-巯基苯骈噻唑为修饰剂,铅离子为印迹离子成功制备分子印迹功能介孔材料,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱对材料进行了结构表征。铅离子分子印迹功能介孔材料能很好地将Pb(II)与性质相近的二价重金属离子Cu(II),Cd(II)和Hg(II)分离,具有非常好的吸附选择性,且静态吸附容量0.64 mmol/g。利用该材料制备的分离富集柱可以很好地富集溶液中痕量铅离子,且仅用2 mL 0.5 mol/L EDTA以0.4 mL/min流速即可完全洗脱,富集倍数高达250倍。样品预富集后的火焰原子吸收光度法线性范围为0.5～1.2×104μg/L,r=0.999 2,检出限(3σ,n=11)为0.04μg/L。利用功能介孔材料分离富集水样中痕量铅离子,用火焰原子吸收法测定含量,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于等于3%(n=6),回收率在98.2%～99.1%之间。     

纳米二氧化钛对痕量铅的吸附性能研究

提出了纳米TiO2分离富集, 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铅的新方法.考察了铅在纳米TiO2上的吸附动力学、最佳酸度和吸附容量.实验结果表明：在最佳实验条件下,纳米TiO2能定量、快速地吸附水中的痕量Pb^2＋,其静态吸附容量为17.90 mg/g.吸附在纳米TiO2上的Pb^2＋可用0.1 mol/L HNO3＋0.1 mol/L CH3COOH完全洗脱.对Pb2＋的检出限为2.57 ng/mL, 相对标准偏差为2.5% （n=11, ρ=0.10 μg/mL）,加标回收率在94.5%～102.5%之间.可用于实际水样中铅的测定.     

氨丙基硅三烷改性介孔二氧化硅及对痕量镉(Ⅱ)的分离富集性能研究

以氨丙基硅三烷作为改性剂,对介孔二氧化硅表面进行修饰,制备了氨基化介孔二氧化硅吸附材料,采用透射电镜和傅立叶红外光谱仪对其进行表征,并用于水样中痕量镉的富集,建立了氨基化介孔二氧化硅分离预富集/火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉的方法。考察了溶液pH值、样品流速、洗脱剂类型、干扰离子和吸附容量等对痕量镉分离富集的影响,以及该吸附材料对痕量镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。结果表明,溶液pH 7.0,样品流速8 m L/min时镉离子能被制备材料高效吸附,吸附的镉(Ⅱ)用5.0 m L 2 mol/L HNO_3完全洗脱,火焰原子吸收法测定。在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.6~20 ng/m L,定量下限为0.5 ng/m L,富集倍数为50倍,对10 ng/m L Cd2+测定的相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.92%,加标回收率为98.8%~104.5%。该方法的抗干扰能力较好,富集柱可循环使用12次以上,可用于环境水样中镉(Ⅱ)的测定。     

流动注射-微柱在线富集/电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定中成药中痕量铅和镉

采用自制固相萃取材料PTFE-g-GMA-PEI纤维填充微柱预富集和流动注射(FI) 与电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪联用, 测定样品中痕量Pb2+和Cd2+.对Pb2+和Cd2+的富集与洗脱条件进行优化,并给出相应离子的分析特性.结果表明: 本方法Pb2+和Cd2+检出限分别为3.5和0.15 μg/L; 富集倍数分别为30和80; RSD分别为1.5%和0.6%(n=9,单个离子浓度为50 μg/L).本方法应用于几种中成药中的痕量铅和镉的同时测定,样品加标回收率在90%～108% 之间, 结果满意.     

氧化石墨烯/硫杂杯芳烃复合材料富集分离-石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量铊

自制了一种新型氧化石墨烯/硫杂杯芳烃复合材料,用扫描电镜、红外光谱、元素分析、热分析对合成产品进行表征,用于痕量铊的富集,提出了氧化石墨烯/硫杂杯芳烃复合材料分离预富集,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铊的一种新方法,探讨了溶液pH值、温度、洗脱条件及干扰离子对痕量铊分离富集的影响,结果发现该材料对Tl3+具有较大吸附量。在pH 8.0,温度为(23±1)℃条件下,铊可被该材料定量吸附,其吸附容量为73.1 mg/g。吸附的铊可被5.0 mL酸性硫脲(0.5 mol/L HCl+1.0 mol/L硫脲)完全洗脱,方法的线性范围为0.012~15μg/L,检出限(3σ)为0.008μg/L,对0.50μg/L Tl3+工作液测定的RSD(n=7)为2.3%,加标回收率为93.6%~104.1%。此法用于生物样品和环境水样中痕量铊的测定,结果满意。     

中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41制备及催化合成二芳基乙烷

以硅酸钠为硅源、硫酸铝为铝源、CTAB为模板剂,采用水热法合成了负载型固体酸Al-MCM-41中孔分子筛催化剂,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、热重差热分析（TG-DTA）、扫描电镜（SEM）和红外（IR）方法对其进行了表征,同时研究了该催化剂在二芳基乙烷合成反应中的催化性能。考察了各种反应因素的影响,确定其最佳合成条件为：原料苯乙烯与二甲苯质量之比为1∶7.5,催化剂用量为1 %(总投料质量百分比),反应时间为3 h,反应温度为140 ℃,产率可达87.1 %,比传统催化剂浓硫酸提高了17 %。研究结果表明,该催化剂是替代液体酸合成二芳基乙烷的理想固体酸催化剂。     

介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41制备及催化合成二芳基乙烷

以硅酸钠为硅源、硫酸铝为铝源、CTAB为模板剂,采用水热法合成了骨架负载型固体酸Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外(IR)方法对其进行了表征,同时研究了该催化剂在二芳基乙烷合成反应中的催化性能. 考察了各种反应因素的影响,确定其最佳合成条件为:原料m(苯乙烯)∶m(二甲苯)=1∶7.5,催化剂用量为1%(总投料质量分数),反应时间为3 h,反应温度为140 ℃,产率可达87.1%,比传统催化剂浓硫酸提高了17%. 研究结果表明,该催化剂是替代液体酸合成二芳基乙烷的理想固体酸催化剂.     

双原子掺杂的B-Al-MCM-41介孔催化剂的制备及其对β-蒎烯二聚反应的高选择性催化

采用水热法制备了双原子掺杂的介孔催化剂B-Al-MCM-41(1),其结构经TEM,FI-IR,XRD,N2-吸附脱附和NH3-TPD表征。并研究了1对β-蒎烯二聚反应的催化性能。结果表明:1具有高度有序的介孔结构和两个协同的酸性位点(B和Al)。1对β-蒎烯二聚反应的催化活性优于B-MCM-41和Al-MCM-41。1用量为2%时,二聚产物的产率高达62.82%。循环使用4次,1的催化性能基本不变。     

Mesoporous aluminosilicate-catalyzed allylation of carbonyl compounds and acetals

A mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-MCM-41) was found to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction of both carbonyl compounds and acetals with allylsilanes to afford the corresponding homoallyl silyl ethers and homoallyl alkyl ethers, respectively. Both the mesoporous structure and the presence of aluminum moiety were indispensable for the high catalytic activity of Al-MCM-41. Moreover, Al-MCM-41 could catalyze the reaction of acetals chemoselectively in the presence of the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The solid acid catalyst Al-MCM-41 could be recovered easily by filtration and could be reused three times without a significant loss of catalytic activity.     

Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous molecular sieves

In the synthesis of mesoporous molecular sieves of the type MCM-41, different cationactive surfactants and sources of silicon were used. Moreover, Al-MCM-41 samples with different content of aluminium were synthesized. MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 were synthesized at elevated temperature in stainless-steel autoclaves. Prepared mesoporous molecular sieves were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), physical adsorption of nitrogen at the temperature of −197°C, sorption capacity of benzene, and by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Acidity was measured for Al-MCM-41 by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (TPDA) and by FTIR of adsorbed pyridine. Acid catalytic activity of Al-MCM-41 was tested by isomerization of o-xylene. Influence of the synthesis reproducibility, surfactant used, source of silicon, synthesis time, source of aluminium, and Si to Al mole ratio on the properties of mesoporous molecular sieves were evaluated.     

Metastability of MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41

The apparent stability of MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 in water was appraised in a series of solubility experiments. MCM-41 is a siliceous, mesoporous material of hexagonal symmetry and exceptionally high surface area first synthesized in 1992. The dissolution experiments were carried out at several solid/water ratios: 1/200, 1/100, and 1/75. Results indicated that MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 are more soluble than amorphous silica at ambient temperatures. Using standard thermodynamic data, a minimum Gibbs free energy of formation of -847.9 kJ/mol for MCM-41 was calculated compared to -848.85 kJ/mol for amorphous silica and -856.3 kJ/mol for quartz. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of recovered solids indicated a progressive loss of crystallinity in MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 over the 79 day dissolution experiment. BET nitrogen surface area analyses of recovered solids revealed no appreciable change in the surface area of either material after 79 days of reaction in water. Field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) images taken of the 79 day MCM-41 sample showed some degradation of the initial structure-fine, worm-like particles.     

Mesoporous aluminosilicate-catalyzed Mukaiyama aldol reaction of aldehydes and acetals

A mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-MCM-41) was found to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction of both aldehydes and acetals with silyl enol ethers or ketene silyl acetals to give the corresponding aldol adducts in moderate to high yields. The remarkable high catalytic activity of Al-MCM-41 over amorphous silica-alumina and aluminum-free mesoporous silicate was observed in the reaction. The solid acid catalyst could be recovered easily by filtration and the recovered catalyst was reusable in the same reactions without a significant loss of catalytic activity.     

Mesoporous aluminosilicate-catalyzed allylation of aldehydes with allylsilanes

Mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-MCM-41) was found to catalyze the allylation of both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with allylsilanes although amorphous silica-alumina or mesoporous silicates (MCM-41, SBA-15) could not catalyze the reaction under the same reaction conditions. The solid acid catalyst Al-MCM-41 could be reused three times without significant loss of activity.     

Th(IV) adsorption on mesoporous molecular sieves: effects of contact time,solid content,pH, ionic strength,foreign ions and temperature

The mesoporous molecular sieves (Al-MCM-41) are synthesized with montmorillonite as silica–alumina source by hydrothermal method. The application of Al-MCM-41 for the adsorption of Th(IV) from aqueous solution is studied by batch technique. The effects of contact time, solid content, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, and temperature are determined, and the results indicate that the adsorption of Th(IV) to Al-MCM-41 is strongly dependent on pH values but independent of ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms are simulated by D–R and Freundlich models well. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH ⁰, ΔS ⁰, ΔG ⁰) are calculated from the temperature dependent adsorption isotherms at 293, 313 and 333 K, respectively, and the results suggest that the adsorption of Th(IV) on Al-MCM-41 is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Al-MCM-41 is a suitable material for the preconcentration of Th(IV) from large volumes of aqueous solutions.     

介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41接枝三甲基氯化锡的合成、表征及催化性能

将三甲基氯化锡与Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛在N2气气氛中135 ℃回流4.5 h,得到表面键合有机锡的分子筛(CH3)3Sn-O-MCM-41[(CH3)3SnM]。 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、有机元素分析、红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、热重分析（TG）、NH3程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）、X射线多晶衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜等测试技术对样品的组成、结构和表面物理化学性质进行表征。 结果表明,有机锡接枝率可达14.44%;接枝前后分子筛的NH3-TPD表面酸量(NH3)由0.652 6 mmol/g增加至1.294 4 mmol/g。 接枝后分子筛的比表面积减小,孔容变大,孔径变小,仍保持六方介孔结构;接枝分子筛(CH3)3SnM用于催化合成乙酸异戊酯,当n(异戊醇)∶n（冰乙酸）=1.0∶1.0,w（催化剂）=5%,138 ℃,回流5 h,反应转化率为96%;催化剂重复使用5次,酯化转化率仍可达到86%。