野黄芩苷通过hedgehog信号通路抑制结肠肿瘤干细胞分化的研究

该文旨在研究野黄芩苷对结肠肿瘤干细胞体外和体内分化的影响,揭示野黄芩苷基于hedgehog信号通路的抑制结肠肿瘤干细胞分化的作用机制。用3D细胞培养法观察野黄芩苷对结肠肿瘤干细胞HT-29CSC体外生长的影响;用软琼脂克隆形成实验研究野黄芩苷对HT-29CSC细胞转化的影响;用胎牛血清诱导干细胞分化实验,研究野黄芩苷对HT-29CSC细胞体外分化的影响;用qRT-PCR法检测野黄芩苷对HT-29CSC细胞中Lgr5,c-Myc,CK20和Nanog mRNA表达的影响;用Western blot法检测野黄芩苷对HT-29CSC细胞中c-Myc,Gli1,Lgr5蛋白表达的影响。通过裸鼠皮下接种HT-29CSC细胞建立肿瘤干细胞体内分化成瘤模型,研究野黄芩苷对裸鼠体质量和HT-29CSC细胞分化成瘤的影响;用qRT-PCR法检测肿瘤组织中CD133,Lgr5,Gli1,Ptch1,c-Myc,Ki-67,CK20,Nanog mRNA表达水平;用Western blot法及免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织中c-Myc,Gli1,Lgr5,CD133,Ki-67蛋白表达水平。体外研究表明,野黄芩苷能够抑制HT-29CSC细胞生长、转化与分化,同时显著下调HT-29CSC细胞中Lgr5,c-Myc,CK20,Nanog mRNA水平和c-Myc,Gli1,Lgr5蛋白表达。动物实验表明,野黄芩苷显著抑制裸鼠皮下HT-29CSC细胞分化成瘤,并且下调肿瘤组织中CD133,Lgr5,Gli1,Ptch1,c-Myc,Ki-67,CK20,Nanog mRNA表达和c-Myc,Gli1,Lgr5,CD133,Ki-67蛋白表达。综上所述,野黄芩苷能够抑制结肠肿瘤干细胞的体外和体内分化,其作用机制在于下调hedgehog信号通路活性。     

Investigation of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein metabolites in rats by ultra-flow liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Context Scutellarin (1) has been widely used in China to treat acute cerebral infarction and paralysis induced by cerebrovascular diseases. However, scutellarin (1) has unstable metabolic characteristics.

Objective The metabolic profile of 6-O-scutellarein was studied to determine its metabolic stability in vivo.

Materials and methods In this study, a method of UFLC/Q-TOF MS was used to study the 6-O-methyl-scutellarein metabolites in rat plasma, urine, bile and faeces after oral administration of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3). One hour after oral administration of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) (34?mg/kg), approximately 1?mL blood samples were collected in EP tubes from all groups. Bile, urine and faeces samples were collected from eight SD rats during 0–24?h after oral administration. The mass defect filtering, dynamic background subtraction and information dependent acquisition techniques were also used to identify the 6-O-methyl-scutellarein metabolites.

Results The parent compound 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) was found in rat urine, plasma, bile and faeces. The glucuronide conjugate of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (M1, M2), diglucuronide conjugate of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (M3), sulphate conjugate of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (M4), glucuronide and sulphate conjugate of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (M5), methylated conjugate of 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (M6) were detected in rat urine. M1, M2 and M3 were detected in rat bile. M1 was found in rat plasma and M7 was detected in faeces.

Discussion and conclusion Because the parent compound 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) was found in rat urine, plasma, bile and faeces, we speculate that 6-O-methyl-scutellarein (3) had good metabolic stability in vivo. This warrants further study to develop it as a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.     

JAK2/STAT3信号通路介导灯盏花乙素抗人心脏微血管内皮细胞缺氧-复氧损伤

Objective: To investigate the antagonistic cell injury effect and molecular mechanism of scutellarin(SCU)in hypoxia reoxygenation(HR) treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(HCMECs).Methods: The method of 12 h hypoxia following by 12 h reoxygenation was used to culture HCMECs in vitro to built cell injury model. The groups were divided into control group, model(HR) group, and HR + SCU(0.1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, and 10 μmol/L) group. The cell viability was determined by MTT, and oxidative stress was detected by malondialdehyde(MDA) levels by biochemical assay kit. Protein expression of JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were evaluated by Western blot.Results: The results of MTT and MDA showed that HR decreased the cell viability(P 0.05) and increased MDA level significantly(P 0.05), SCU played a contrary role in these processes. Western blot analysis indicates that, the expression of JAK2 and p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 were increased in model group when compared with control group(P 0.05); Compared with model group, their expression were reduced by SCU(P 0.05).Conclusion: SCU took a protective effect on HR-treated HCMECs, and the molecular mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction pathway.     

酶解法与LC-MS-MS相结合研究灯盏乙素在健康人体内的药代动力学

目的建立β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶解法与LC-MS-MS法相结合测定人体血浆中灯盏乙素的苷元,研究健康男性单剂量口服灯盏花素分散片的药代动力学。方法血浆样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶水解,甲醇蛋白沉淀,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,5μm),运用乙腈-甲醇-水洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)灯盏乙素苷元([M-H]-,m/z285.0/136.8)和内标槲皮素([M-H]-,m/z 301.1/120.8)。12名健康男性单剂量口服灯盏花素分散片120 mg后,采用该方法测定血浆中灯盏乙素苷元,使用DAS 1.0软件处理数据,计算药代动力学参数。结果灯盏乙素苷元在4.01~513.38μg·L-1范围内线性良好,日内日间精密度小于7.22%,提取回收率大于84.23%。12名健康男性单剂量口服灯盏花素分散片120 mg后,以灯盏乙素苷元为检测对象的主要药动学参数为:Cmax(μg·L-1):159.97±58.14;AUC(0-19)(μg·L-1·h):1151.37±279.80;AUC(0-∞)(μg·L-1·h):1194.13±264.51;Tmax(h):6.33±1.67;T1/2(h):2.83±0.60。结论建立的酶解与LC-MS-MS相结合分析方法准确灵敏,适用于灯盏乙素人体内的药代动力学研究。     

A New Procedure for Separation and Purification of Scutellarin from Erigeron multiradiatus

Objective To establish a new procedure for isolating scutellarin from Erigeron multiradiatus. Methods A proposed method was developed by combining macroporous resins with ODS column. Firstly, E. multiradiatus was extracted by ultrasound with 80% methanol. Preliminary separation was performed on macroporous resin column. The performance and adsorption characteristics of three macroporous resins, D140, D141, and D605, were compared and the enrichment procedure was optimized. Further purification was carried out by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) with ODS column. Results It was demonstrated that D141 had better extractive effects on scutellarin. The MPLC conditions were optimized as follows: 15% ethanol aqueous as mobile phase with flow rate at 2.5 mL/min. The yield and purity of the isolated scutellarin were 1.20 mg/g and 96.5%, respectively. Conclusion The overall procedure is efficient and low-cost, which is considered suitable for the separation and purification of scutellarin from E. multiradiatus. The results provide the scientific basis for developing and using scutellarin in clinic.     

白莲参胶囊质量标准研究

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定白莲参胶囊中野黄芩苷成分的方法.方法 色谱柱为ZORBAX SB(4.6 mm× 250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.2％磷酸溶液(33:67)为流动相,检测波长为335nm.结果 野黄芩苷进样量在0.080 8～0.404μg范围内,进样量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,Y=224.84X+ 21.61,r=0.9999,平均回收率为97.64％,RSD=0.79％.结论 本文建立的方法准确可靠,可用于质量标准的确立.     

辛芍组方中5个指标成分在大鼠体内的组织分布情况

目的:研究大鼠灌胃辛芍组方后其5个指标成分在体内的组织分布情况。方法:建立同时测定大鼠组织中灯盏甲素、灯盏乙素、灯盏乙素苷元、芍药苷、芍药内酯苷的UPLC-MS/MS,将辛芍组方灌胃给予SD大鼠(剂量25 g·kg~(-1)),分别于给药后20,90 min和12,24 h取其主要脏器和组织,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定各个时间点下5个指标成分在脏器和组织中的分布情况。结果:大鼠灌胃辛芍组方后,5个指标成分可广泛分布于大鼠各组织器官中。对于灯盏甲素,其质量浓度20 min时在肺和心中达到峰值,分别为48.2,59.8μg·L~(-1);90 min时在脑和小肠中达到峰值,分别为138.7,292.7μg·L~(-1);12 h时在肾和肌肉中达到峰值,为517.3,56.5μg·L~(-1);24 h时在肝脏中达到峰值,为352.9μg·L~(-1)。对于灯盏乙素,其质量浓度20 min时在心中达到峰值,为38.3μg·L~(-1);90 min时在肺、脑、小肠和肾中达到峰值,分别为30.6,220.0,1 644.2,859.9μg·L~(-1);12 h时在肌肉中达到峰值,为86.9μg·L~(-1);24 h时在肝脏中达到峰值,为344.8μg·L~(-1)。对于灯盏乙素苷元,其质量浓度90 min时在脑、小肠和肌肉中达到峰值,分别为875.4,52 468.0,5 114.7μg·L~(-1);12 h时在肺、心和肾中达到峰值,分别为609.7,1 718.6,1 736.5μg·L~(-1);24 h时在肝脏中达到峰值,为1 366.5μg·L~(-1)。对于芍药苷,其质量浓度20 min时在肺、肝、肾和肌肉中达到峰值,分别为10 634.1,13 889.0,16 672.0,7 750.4μg·L~(-1);在90 min时,在心、小肠和脑中达到峰值,分别为6 851.1,870 563.9,7 474.0μg·L~(-1)。对于芍药内酯苷,其质量浓度20 min时在肝和肾中达到峰值,分别为15 249.7,56 817.0μg·L~(-1),在90 min时,在肺、心、脑、小肠和肌肉中达到峰值,分别为4 211.5,4 425.3,4 631.3,631 871.5,5 673.6μg·L~(-1)。结论:大鼠灌胃辛芍组方后,5个指标成分可迅速、广泛地分布在各组织器官中,但5个指标成分在各组织脏器中的达峰时间和分布存在一定差异,在肾脏和小肠中的分布最高,其次为肝和肌肉,同时在脑组织中也有分布,并且随着给药时间的延长,灯盏甲素、灯盏乙素和灯盏乙素苷元可能在大鼠的肝脏中会发生蓄积。     

野黄芩苷对人脑胶质瘤U87细胞的增殖抑制作用及其机制

目的：探讨野黄芩苷（SCU）对人脑胶质瘤U87细胞的增殖抑制作用,并初步阐明其作用机制。方法：培养U87细胞,采用不同浓度（20、40和80 mg·L^-1） SCU处理U87细胞（野黄芩苷组）,同时设空白对照组。MTT法检测各组U87细胞存活率,倒置显微镜观察U87细胞的形态表现,Annexin Ⅴ/PI双染检测各组U87细胞凋亡率,Western blotting法检测各组U87细胞中bax和bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果：MTT法,与空白对照组比较,20、40和80 mg·L^-1SCU组细胞存活率均明显降低（P<0.01）。倒置显微镜观察,与空白对照组比较,80 mg·L^-1SCU组细胞数明显减少,细胞体积变小,细胞间距变大;细胞出现皱缩、脱落,贴壁细胞轮廓模糊。Annexin Ⅴ/PI双染,与空白对照组比较,80 mg·L^-1SCU组细胞晚期凋亡率和总凋亡率均明显升高（P<0.01）。Western blotting法,与空白对照组比较,20、40和80 mg·L^-1 SCU组U87细胞中bcl-2蛋白水平降低,80 mg·L^-1SCU组差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;与空白对照组比较,80 mg·L^-1 SCU组U87细胞中bax/bcl-2比值升高（P<0.01）。结论：SCU通过上调U87细胞中bax/bcl-2比值诱导细胞凋亡从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。     

微波与索氏提取野黄芩苷的正交实验比较

目的：研究不同方法提取野黄芩苷的最佳工艺．方法：采用正交实验，考察灯盏花粒度、提取剂浓度、提取剂用量和提取时间等4个因素，以野黄芩苷收率为指标，比较微波提取与传统索氏提取方法对野黄芩苷的提取效果．结果：索氏提取优化工艺条件为A282C2D2，微波提取最佳条件为A282C1D1．微波辐照10min的提取效果与索氏提取2h效果相当，提取速率是索氏的10～15倍．结论：微波提取的时间短、提取速率高、温度低．微波技术用于中草药提取有其独特的优越性．     

超高效液相色谱法测定热炎宁颗粒中大黄素、咖啡酸、绿原酸、野黄芩苷、木犀草素和虎杖苷

目的：建立超高效液相色谱（UPLC）同时测定热炎宁颗粒中大黄素、咖啡酸、绿原酸、野黄芩苷、木犀草素、虎杖苷6种成分的方法。方法采用UPLC法,Acquity UPLC HSS C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm）;流动相为[甲醇–乙腈（35∶65）]–0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量0.5 mL/min,分段变波长测定,柱温35℃;进样量1.0μL。结果6种成分在选定的范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.9993）;平均加样回收率在99.08%～102.31%,RSD值均小于2.53%（n=6）。结论采用UPLC法对热炎宁颗粒中大黄素、咖啡酸、绿原酸、野黄芩苷、木犀草素、虎杖苷6种成分进行测定,方法操作快速,高效,准确,可用于热炎宁颗粒的质量控制。