一种基于独立成分分析的功能磁共振数据处理方法

独立成分分析（ICA）是统计信号处理中的一项新技术，用来从混合信号的多维观测中提取具有统计独立性的成分。我们针对功能磁共振数据处理，采用先对相邻的两体元信号作ICA分离，然后与参考信号进行相关，把相关系数大于一定阈值的体元作为刺激引起兴奋的体元，从而实现刺激的功能定位。经实际脑功能磁共振数据试验，初步证明了方法的有效性。     

二段式柱状种植义齿修复的临床研究

目的通过分析二段式柱状(BLB)种植体的植入并修复,观察其成功及失败相关因素,探讨其临床应用效果。方法选择30例共54颗牙列缺损行BLB种植体的植入并修复,进行3年不同时期的观察,统计种植体成功率、种植体骨吸收及满意度调查等。结果 30例共54颗种植体3年成功率达98%,满意度为90.7%,骨吸收量1个月、1年、3年分别为(0.52±0.20)mm,(0.74±0.25)mm,(1.02±0.31)mm。结论 BLB种植体植入后骨结合形成良好,短期内成功率高,适用于各种类型的牙列缺损的种植修复,是一种较理想的种植体。     

中国汉族正常成人扣带回的高分辨率MRI测量

Objective To explore the normal range of cingulate cortex volumes of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers ( age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 15 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A (age range = 18 to 30), B (age range=31 to 40), C (age range =41 to 50), D (age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.Cingulate cortex volume (including bulk volume and the left/right volume) was measured semi-manually using 3D volume analysis software.Cingulate cortex volumes among age groups were compared by one-way ANOVA.Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes between sexualities were analyzed by paired samples t test.The relationship between cingulate cortex volume and age was analyzed by Pearson correlations and regression analysis.Results Cingulate cortex volumes of male and female were (20 347 ± 2504) and ( 19 432 ± 2184) mm3 respectively, and the male's was significantly larger than that of female's (two sample t'-test for independent samples, t'= 6.156, P < 0.05 ).Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes of male were ( 10 717 ± 1629) and (9630 ± 1498) mm3 respectively, and those of female's were ( 10 064 ± 1407 ) and ( 9368 ± 1441 )mm3 respectively.The volumes of cingulate cortex were significantly different between right and left in male or female ( t = - 12.960, - 8.511, P < 0.05 ),and right was larger than left.Bilateral cingulate cortex volume in male among group A, B, C, D and E[left: ( 10 132 ± 1291 ), ( 10 113 ± 1638), (9599 ± 1576), (9594 ± 1288), (8710 ± 1212) mm3 ; right:(11 212±1442), (11 096±1602), (11 040±1403), (10 633±1638), (9604±1522) mm3] had statistical differences (F = 16.738, 18.707, P < 0.01 ) ; and those in female among five age groups[left:(9689 ± 1426), (9652 ± 1676), (9347 ± 1500), (9098 ± 1225), (9053 ± 1233) mm3 ; fight: ( 10 558 ±1325), ( 10 266 ± 1463), ( 10 100 ± 1497), (9779 ± 1304), (9617 ± 1254) mm3] also had significant differences (F = 16.859,7.528,P <0.01 ).Bilateral cingnlate cortex volume in both male and female were negatively correlated with age ( r = - 0.330, - 0.324, - 0.169, - 0.243, P < 0.05 ), though the correlation coefficient is not high.Conclusions Cingnlate cortex volume could be accurately measured on the high-resolution MRI with 3D volume analysis software, which can provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.The results may provide normal range for the diagnosis of the volumetric deficits of cingulate cortex.     

中国汉族正常成人扣带回的高分辨率MRI测量

Objective To explore the normal range of cingulate cortex volumes of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers ( age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 15 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A (age range = 18 to 30), B (age range=31 to 40), C (age range =41 to 50), D (age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.Cingulate cortex volume (including bulk volume and the left/right volume) was measured semi-manually using 3D volume analysis software.Cingulate cortex volumes among age groups were compared by one-way ANOVA.Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes between sexualities were analyzed by paired samples t test.The relationship between cingulate cortex volume and age was analyzed by Pearson correlations and regression analysis.Results Cingulate cortex volumes of male and female were (20 347 ± 2504) and ( 19 432 ± 2184) mm3 respectively, and the male's was significantly larger than that of female's (two sample t'-test for independent samples, t'= 6.156, P < 0.05 ).Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes of male were ( 10 717 ± 1629) and (9630 ± 1498) mm3 respectively, and those of female's were ( 10 064 ± 1407 ) and ( 9368 ± 1441 )mm3 respectively.The volumes of cingulate cortex were significantly different between right and left in male or female ( t = - 12.960, - 8.511, P < 0.05 ),and right was larger than left.Bilateral cingulate cortex volume in male among group A, B, C, D and E[left: ( 10 132 ± 1291 ), ( 10 113 ± 1638), (9599 ± 1576), (9594 ± 1288), (8710 ± 1212) mm3 ; right:(11 212±1442), (11 096±1602), (11 040±1403), (10 633±1638), (9604±1522) mm3] had statistical differences (F = 16.738, 18.707, P < 0.01 ) ; and those in female among five age groups[left:(9689 ± 1426), (9652 ± 1676), (9347 ± 1500), (9098 ± 1225), (9053 ± 1233) mm3 ; fight: ( 10 558 ±1325), ( 10 266 ± 1463), ( 10 100 ± 1497), (9779 ± 1304), (9617 ± 1254) mm3] also had significant differences (F = 16.859,7.528,P <0.01 ).Bilateral cingnlate cortex volume in both male and female were negatively correlated with age ( r = - 0.330, - 0.324, - 0.169, - 0.243, P < 0.05 ), though the correlation coefficient is not high.Conclusions Cingnlate cortex volume could be accurately measured on the high-resolution MRI with 3D volume analysis software, which can provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.The results may provide normal range for the diagnosis of the volumetric deficits of cingulate cortex.     

二段式柱状种植义齿软组织美学临床研究

<正>种植义齿是一种新型口腔修复体,其目的不仅要恢复缺失牙齿的咀嚼功能,还需要满足其美观功能,达到外观上和天然牙齿形态相似,而牙龈及龈乳头在这里起着极其重要的角色。本研究通过测量及分析前牙单颗种植义齿牙龈乳头形态与变化,讨论牙龈成形及后期变化相关美学因素,报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料:本研究病例来自2008年7月至2009年12月在我科进行前牙单颗二段式西半柱状(BLB)种植修复治     

基于高分辨率MRI的正常中国成人杏仁核体积测量

目的应用高分辨率磁共振和三维体积分析软件（Aquariusws）测量中国正常成人杏仁核的体积。方法对43例健康成年中国人行大脑T1加权三维磁化强度预备梯度回波序列扫描,应用Aquariusws软件确定和测量杏仁核边界和体积。结果经Aquariusws软件对高分辨率MRI图像进行三维重建后,能清楚显示杏仁核的边界。杏仁核平均体积：右侧1596.525mm3（男1566.773mm3,女1604.877mm3）,左侧1564.318mm3（男1623.987mm3,女1545.244mm3）。双侧、男女杏仁核体积无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论基于高分辨率磁共振图像和三维体积分析软件（Aquariusws）可以动态三维确认杏仁核轮廓,进而准确测定其体积。     

中国健康成人丘脑体积与年龄的相关性

目的测量1000名中国健康成人丘脑体积,分析丘脑体积与年龄的相关性,为临床诊断丘脑病变提供依据。方法从全国不同地区选择健康汉族成人志愿者1000名,按年龄分为5组:18~30、31~404、1~50、51~606、1~80岁组,每组200名,男、女各半。采用1.5T MR采集图像,应用Aquariusws软件手动逐层勾画出丘脑边界,软件自动测算出其体积。分析丘脑体积与年龄之间的相关性及不同年龄段之间丘脑体积的差异。结果 18~30、31~40、41~50、51~60、61~80岁组右侧丘脑体积正常值范围分别为(6069.38±531.90)mm3、(5894.67±538.93)mm3、(5357.43±479.97)mm3、(5396.08±445.58)mm3、(4791.44±558.15)mm3,左侧丘脑体积正常值范围分别为(6179.82±534.29)mm3、(6046.97±561.83)mm3、(5425.67±470.90)mm3、(5551.65±526.47)mm3、(4866.00±551.73)mm3。分别比较各年龄组间左侧和右侧丘脑体积,除18~30岁与31~40岁、41~50岁与51~60岁年龄组差异无统计学意义外,其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。左、右侧丘脑体积均与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.63、-0.65,P<0.05)。结论丘脑体积与年龄呈负相关,即随着年龄增大,丘脑体积逐渐减小。     

高分辨力MRI测量中国汉族正常成人3脑室体积

目的通过高分辨率MRI测量正常国人3脑室体积,获得3脑室体积正常参考值,并分析3脑室体积与年龄的相关性。方法选择1000名健康志愿者,汉族,右利手,年龄18~70岁,并按18~30岁、31~40岁、41~50岁、51~60岁、61~70岁进行分组,共分为5组,每组200名,组内男、女各100名。对所有受试者行全脑T1加权三维磁化强度预备梯度回波(T1WI 3D MP RAGE)序列成像,采用Midob专用图像处理软件测量3脑室体积;使用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行统计学处理。结果 1000名健康国人3脑室的体积为(0.935±0.487)cm3。男性、女性的3脑室体积均与年龄呈正相关(P<0.001)。男性3脑室体积大于女性(t=14.326,P<0.001)。结论健康成人3脑室体积具有随年龄增长逐渐增加的生理变化趋势;3脑室先天发育存在显著性别差异。     

聋人与正常人枕叶视皮层对亮度敏感性的功能磁共振成像研究

目的　利用血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像 (BOLD fMRI)技术 ,探讨聋人在固定频率、不同亮度的点光源刺激下 ,枕叶视皮层的兴奋情况 ,并比较兴奋区的分布、范围、强度与正常人是否一致。方法　对 12例聋人和 15例正常人给予闪烁频率为 8Hz、亮度为 0 7、2 2、5 0 0、180 0lm的点光源刺激 ,同时应用GE 1 5TSignaHorizonLX超导型磁共振成像系统 ,采集其脑部的BOLD fMRI数据。通过AFNI软件进行统计分析得到脑功能活动的图像。结果　在 4种不同亮度的点光源刺激下 ,聋人与正常人的枕叶视皮层均有明显兴奋区 ,且主要兴奋区位于枕叶矩状裂周围的视皮层内 ;随着亮度的增加 ,聋人与正常人视皮层兴奋区内的活动像素数 (numberofactivatedpixels)显著增加 (F正常人 =4 2 7,P <0 0 5 ;F聋人 =6 41,P <0 0 5 ) ,且在较高亮度刺激下 ,聋人枕叶视皮层的兴奋性高于正常人 ,但两者差异无显著性意义 (F =2 17,P >0 0 5 ) ;聋人与正常人视皮层内所有兴奋像素的平均活动水平(activationlevel)随亮度的增加变化不大 ,而在 4种亮度刺激下均兴奋的像素的平均活动水平却随着亮度的增加而有较明显的增加 ,但无显著性差异 (F正常人 =0 79,P >0 0 5 ;F聋人 =1 6 ,P >0 0 5 )。结论聋人与正常人对亮度的基本反应特性是相     

中国汉族正常成人垂体的高分辨率MRI研究

Objective To study the morphological characteristics of pituitary glands in healthy adult of the Han nationality on the High-resolution MRI and provide morphological data of pituitary glands for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.Nine hundred and seventy eight Chinese healthy volunteers (age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e., Group A ( age range = 18 to 30), B ( age range = 31 to 40), C ( age range = 41 to 50), D ( age range = 51 to 60 ), and E ( age range = 61 to 70).All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T, weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.By Multiplan reconstruction with 3D software, the pituitary gland's volume, size, and inclination of pituitary stalk were measured and the differences between sexualities and among age groups were compared by analysis of variance using SPSS13.0; those among five age groups were compared pair-wised by Tukey analysis; and the differences between male and female were analyzed by independent t test, and the differences of measurements of typing of pituitary glands were analyzed by Chi-square analysis.Results( 1 ) Volume of pituitary glands: the mean volume of male and female among 5 age groups were ( 1142±290), (996±223), (979 ±178), (971 ±174), (930 ±189) and (1247 ±210), (1199 ±216),( 1108 ± 196), ( 1059 ± 212 ), (984 ± 177 ) mm3 respectively.There were significant differences among the age groups(F = 13.811,27.091 ,P <0.01), the volume tended to decrease after 30 years old in male and 40 years old in female.Female has bigger volume than man in the same age group (P < 0.05).There were statistically correlation between sexes, age, typing, heights in middle sagittal width in coronal MR and anteroposterior diameter in middle sagittal MR.(2) The size of pituitary giands:the mean heights on middle sagittal MR images of male and female among 5 age groups were(6.6±1.5), (6.0±1.4), (5.6±1.1 ),(5.0±1.2), (4.9±1.4)and (7.9±1.6), (6.4±2.0), (5.6±1.7), (5.1±1.7), (4.4±1.4)mm respectively.There were significant difference among the age groups ( F = 24.582,62.978, P < 0.01 ).Females demonstrated larger pituitary glands than men in the age from 18 to 30 year old groups ( P < 0.01 ).The pituitary height tended to decline after 30 years old, minimum after 50 years old group in male and 40 years old in female.The heights were statistically correlated with sexes and age.The mean width in coronal MR images of male and female among 5 age groups were( 14.8± 1.8), ( 14.7 ± 1.4), ( 14.2±1.9), (14.3 ±2.1), (13.8 ±2.4) and (14.9±1.8), (15.8±1.7), (15.5±2.1), (15.6±2.2),( 14.9±2.1 ) mm respectively.There were significant difference among the age groups( F = 4.566,4.233,P<0.05),The width of pituitary before 30 years old and after 60 years old were smaller than the other groups (P <0.05 ), but man did not show this relationship.The widths were statistically correlation with sexes, age and weight.The mean anteroposterior diameter in middle sagittal images of male and female among 5 age groups were (11.2±1.2), (11.8±1.3), (11.8±1.5), (12.3±1.8), (12.2±2.0) and (11.9±1.3), (12.5±1.5), (12.4±1.5), (12.9±1.6), (12.7±1.6)mm respectively.There were significant difference among the age groups ( F = 7.270, 5.903, P < 0.01 ).Before 60 year old, the anteroposterior diameter was smaller in male than all female groups (P < 0.05 ), and there was a tendency to grow downwards with age.The anteroposterior diameter was statistically correlated with sexes and age.(3)The angle of inclination of pituitary stalks: on reconstructed coronal MRI imaging, the angle of inclination of pituitary stalk were in the middle, no significant differences in the angle measurements were found between male and female among 5 age groups ( P > 0.05).(4) The typing of pituitary glands in middle sagittal MR images : there were significant differences between each typing ( χ2 = 44.212, 107.518, P < 0.01 ), there was a tendency of pituitary upper border to depressed when age increased.Conclusions With highresolution MRI and 3D volumetric analytic software, volume and size of pituitary glands and the angle of inclination of pituitary stalks were accurately measured, and that provide morphological data of pituitary glands for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.