miR-149与肿瘤关系的研究进展

miRNAs是一类长度约为20~25个核苷酸，参与基因调控表达的内源性非编码RNA。miR-149作为miRNAs的重要成员，在多种肿瘤中表达异常，其表达水平与肿瘤细胞增殖、转移、凋亡、耐药、患者的早期诊断及预后密切相关。因此，miR-149有望成为新一类抗肿瘤治疗的靶点。     

高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体的表达和形态计量学观察

目的 观察高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体 (OPG，RANKL)的表达，并与骨形态计量学指标进行相关分析。 方法 选择10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者和3例正常人进行髂骨活检术，获得骨组织标本。采用免疫组化方法检测OPG和RANKL蛋白质的表达。采用全自动图像分析系统进行骨组织形态计量学测定。结果 10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者经骨病理学检查证实均为高转换型骨病，以破骨细胞活化形成骨吸收陷窝伴或不伴骨矿化不全为特点。免疫组化显示尿毒症患者骨组织中以RANKL阳性表达为主。与正常对照相比，RANKL阳性表达细胞数目显著增加，OPG阳性表达细胞数目显著减少。尿毒症患者RANKL的阳性表达细胞数目与骨吸收面积和破骨细胞数目呈显著正相关。结论 高转换型肾性骨病中，PTH的溶骨作用可能是通过OPG/RANKL/RANK系统介导的。     

保留冠状动脉的猪心螺旋形心室肌带的解剖

Objective Based on the Helical Ventricular Myocardial Band (HVMB) theory proposed by Torrent-Guasp,the ventricular myocardial hand extends from the root of the pulmonary artery to the root of the aorta with two helical coils.This new theory is considered as a revolutionary concept for further understanding the global, three-dimensional and functional architecture of the ven- tricular myocardium. No repot had described techniques for disecting HVMB while keepin～ the integrity of the coronmy artery sys- tern. We explored techniques for dissecting HVMB in swine.Methads 33 fresh swine hearts were randomly divided intoll groups, 3 bearts in each. 160% barium sulfate (type I)suspmmion was injected into the coronary artery system. The coronary arteries were li- gated. The strial tissue was removed following puuing the hearts in boiling water then cooling for several hours. The superficial coro- nary vessels and fat tissue around the atrio-ventricular taxi inter-ventricular sulcus we～'e preserved. Some branches of the left anterior descending artery, distal segment, of posterior descending branch, and middle and distal segment of obtuse marginal branches were mu- tilated appropriately. HVMB dissection was completed with fingers in accordnce with Torrent Guasp' s technique. Results A contin- ued bundle of muscle, originated at the root of pulmonary artery and ended at the root of aorta, was unwrapped along the major dire- tion of the cardiac muscle fiber in all of the 33 hearts with spating of the coronary artery. The swine hearts' ventricular myocandium was cumosed of two loops, with basal loop firm the root of the pulmonart artery to the anterior papillary muscle and apical from the beginning of the anterior papillary muscle to the root tithe aorta. Each loop consisted of two segments: the right segment-coincid- ing with the right ventricular free wall and the left segment-coinciding with the basal d the left ventricular free wall. Posterior papillary muscle, which belongs to the descendant segment, denmrcated the border between the descendent and the ascendant of the HVMB's apical loop. Conclusion Although controversies about the theory of the HVMB remain, we have dissected the HVMB in the swine hearts' ventricular myocardium successfully with sparing of the coronary artery systems. This dissection procedure provides technical information for the studies of associated diseases based on the theory of HVMB.     

宁夏某县乡村卫生机构人力资源现状调查

为了解分析宁夏盐池县乡村两级卫生机构卫生人力资源的现状及其存在的问题,利用盐池县2006年卫生人力资源统计报表资料,对盐池县15所乡村两级卫生机构的卫生人力数量、卫生技术人员的年龄、性别、职称结构等进行统计分析.结果,全县乡村两级卫生机构卫生技术人员144人,医护比例为1:0.3,医疗和防保人员的比例为1:0.13,卫生技术人员多数在40岁以下(占73.6%),乡村两级卫生机构的卫生技术人员学历以大中专为主(占84.3%),大部分卫生技术人员是员级和初级职称(占63.2%),副高及以上职称很少(仅为2.8%).调查结果表明盐池县乡村两级卫生机构卫生技术人员总体素质不高,提高乡村卫生人员的素质是当前加快农村卫生改革的当务之急.     

急性肾功能衰竭临床与病理类型分析

目的分析总结急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)病理类型与临床关联、治疗、转归情况,探讨ARF肾活检指征,提高ARF诊治水平.方法收集1998.7～2004.8我科ARF行肾活检患者的病理、临床资料、治疗以及转归情况.结果6年间肾活检ARF共261例,占同期ARF的38.7%(261/674).男性145例,女性116例;平均年龄(41.58±16.89)岁;Scr 444.24±366.19μmol/L,BUN(21.52±12.72)mmol/L.肾小管间质病变105例,占肾活检40.2%,占同期肾小管间质病变26.4%,47.6%的肾小管间质性ARF由药物引起,占首位,其中急性肾小管坏死(ATN)55例和急性间质性肾炎(AIN)30例,各占肾活检的21.1%和11.5%.肾小球小血管病变120例,占肾活检46.0%,占同期肾小球小血管病变88.9%,主要病变为新月体肾炎(CGN)58例和狼疮肾炎(LN)45例,分别占肾小球小血管病变的48.3%和37.5%,占ARF肾活检的22.2%和17.2%.肾病综合征伴肾前性ARF 36例,占13.8%.肾活检纠正诊断40例,占15.3%,主要是CGN误诊为其他类型的肾小球肾炎,AIN误诊为ATN,肾活检前后临床与病理符合率84.7%.31.8%行血液净化治疗,总治愈率达78.5%,肾小管间质病变治愈率82.9%,肾小球小血管病变68.3%.结论ARF中肾脏病理具有重要意义.CGN和LN是肾小球小血管病变ARF的主要病理类型.肾活检有助于鉴别AIN与非典型性ATN,两者治疗截然不同.早期肾活检可提高ARF诊断率、降低误诊率,及时治疗可改善或恢复肾功能.     

膜增殖性肾炎的临床病理分析及预后因素探讨

膜增殖性肾炎(MPGN)是比较少见的慢性肾炎,占原发性肾小球肾炎疾病的8%～15%,临床表现重,预后差,死亡率高.我院1988年至今共2 000例肾活检病例中原发性MPGN仅22例,占1.1%.我们分析探讨了22例MPGN临床、实验室检查及病理等资料,以期从中发现影响患者预后的主要因素,从而对指导临床治疗、改善预后起重要作用.     

腰椎横突骨折重要性评价

目的　研究腹部钝性损伤患者腰椎横突骨折的发生与腹部内脏损伤的关系。方法　收集 1997～ 2 0 0 0 -0 7我院收治腹部钝性损伤患者 169例。回顾患者CT片及手术记录 ,总结横突骨折以及内脏损伤的数量及类型。结果　CT显示 81例有横突骨折 ,14 8个横突骨折 ( 43例系单发 ,38例系多发 )。 33例左侧横突骨折 ,2 8例右侧 ,2 0例双侧。L1横突骨折最常见 (n =60 ) ,横突骨折伴发内脏损伤 15例 ,腰椎横突骨折的发生与腹部内脏损伤具有相关性 (Ρ <0 .0 5 )。结论　腰椎横突骨折与腹部内脏损伤具有相关性 ,对临床工作 ,尤其是急救工作具有重要意义     

泛素蛋白酶体系统与肾脏疾病

泛素蛋白酶体系统是ATP依赖的特异降解胞浆内蛋白的主要途径,它涉及DNA的修复、内质网中蛋白折叠的质量控制、细胞周期的调控、细胞凋亡、信号传导及转录活性的调节等.其成分的改变将引起蛋白降解异常,导致细胞功能紊乱.现已证明,一些肾脏疾病及肾组织损伤均与泛素蛋白酶体系统成分的缺陷或功能异常有关.