Animal Biomass as a Raw Material for Basic Organic Synthesis Products

Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils - The review examines biomass of animal origin in terms of a potential renewable raw material for obtaining CO2-neutral fuel unaffecting the carbon...     

The Requirements for the Calibration Conditions in Large-Aperture Fizeau Interferometers

The problems that arise during the calibration of the reference plates of large-aperture interferometers are discussed and the methods for solving them are presented. It is shown that the repeatability of shapes of the reference plates after their rearrangements can be provided by selecting the mechanism of their fixing in place. It is demonstrated that the temperature deformations of the reference-plate surfaces can be determined from a numerical model. These measures have made it possible to calibrate the reference plates of the 630-mm interferometer with an accuracy of λ/1000 RMS (λ = 632.8 nm).     

Formation of an iron-containing catalytic nanoparticle during the three-phase Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Molecular modeling

The effect of a polyacrylonitrile additive on the catalytic behavior of an iron-containing suspension under the conditions of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a slurry reactor is studied. Modeling of the formation of a catalytic particle using the molecular dynamics method is performed.     

Ensemble of clustering algorithms for large datasets

The ensemble clustering algorithm ECCA (Ensemble of Combined Clustering Algorithms) for processing large datasets is proposed and theoretically substantiated. Results of an experimental study of the algorithm on simulated and real data proving its effectiveness are presented     

Maximum likelihood estimation via the extended covariance and combined square-root filters

The method of maximum likelihood is a general method for parameter estimation and is often used in system identification. To implement it, it is necessary to maximize the likelihood function, which is usually done using the gradient approach. It involves the computation of the likelihood gradient with respect to unknown system parameters. For linear stochastic system models this leads to the implementation of the Kalman filter, which is known to be numerically unstable. The aim of this work is to present new efficient algorithms for likelihood gradient evaluation. They are more reliable in practice and improve robustness of computations against roundoff errors. All algorithms are derived in measurement and time updates form. The comparison with the conventional Kalman filter approach and results of numerical experiments are given.     

A new controlling system for the solar tower telescope of IZMIRAN: I. Guide

A new guiding system for the solar tower telescope is described. Two mutually perpendicular CCD arrays are used as photodetectors. The guide provides a positional error of no larger than 0.2″ in a frequency band of 0–10 Hz. The software allows for referring the spectrograph slit position to solar coordinate systems and provides for various guide operation modes.     

Treatment of polymer-compounded hydraulic oils by ultrafiltration

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 11, pp. 11–13, November, 1989.