北祁连山镜铁山地区镜铁山群岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

镜铁山铁(铜)矿床是我国西北地区发现和勘探最早的大型铁(铜)矿床。对于铁矿床的成因,目前还存在不同的观点。笔者等对镜铁山铁铜矿床赋矿地层开展了岩石学和岩石化学成分分析,结果显示：变质石英砂岩的SiO₂平均含量为96.95%、Al₂O₃平均为1.36%、Fe₂O₃平均为0.31%,SiO₂/Al₂O₃平均值为73.26,K₂O/Na₂O平均值为12.54;除Sn以外,其他微量元素平均含量均低于后太古宙澳大利亚页岩(PAAS)值,稀土元素总量显著低于PAAS值,具有弱的Eu正异常,Ce异常不明显;铁碧玉岩SiO₂平均含量为85.67%、Fe₂O₃平均含量为10.19%、SiO₂/Al₂O₃平均为430.47、K₂O/Na<...     

扬子西缘新元古代裂谷盆地演化的年代学新证据及其意义

扬子西缘康滇裂谷是华南新元古代裂谷系的主要组成部分,对理解华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化与Rodinia超大陆裂解的响应关系具有重要意义。澄江组是康滇裂谷最为典型的沉积充填序列,其时代的准确限定是解析Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下盆地演化的重要前提。本文对滇东北巧家谓姑地区澄江组火山岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学分析,获得澄江组底部玄武岩年龄806.4±6.7 Ma和下部凝灰岩年龄788.4±5.9 Ma。结合已有年龄数据,将澄江组沉积时代准确限定为800～720 Ma,与开建桥组及陆良组上部为同期异相产物。康滇裂谷的三个次级盆地演化基本同步,均于800 Ma左右开始全面接受沉积,是Rodinia超大陆的裂解的响应。     

华夏地块新元古代沉积记录与超大陆重建

新元古代-早古生代,Rodinia超大陆裂解至Gondwana大陆聚合的过程对华南构造格局与古地理演化具有重要的制约作用,然而在这过程中华夏地块的位置、华夏与扬子之间的关系等问题仍存在争议。本文通过同位素地层年代学、新元古代冰期事件及成矿事件对比了华夏地块武夷南部-南岭地区及华夏西缘新元古代中-晚期地层。在此基础上,对新元古代沉积物进行碎屑锆石物源分析,发现华夏西缘拉伸纪晚期-埃迪卡拉纪曾出现多次物源方向的转换,并在成冰纪晚期同时出现来自华南内部和外部的双向物源。结合浅海陆棚的沉积环境,表明此时扬子与华夏之间并没有宽阔的大洋相隔。华夏地块拉伸纪晚期-埃迪卡拉纪碎屑岩中包含了大量中元古代至新元古代早期的碎屑锆石,与东冈瓦纳北部印度、东南极等地区的沉积记录吻合,指示华夏地块至少自750 Ma时期就接收到来自印度北缘的碎屑物质。在Rodinia超大陆裂解至Gondwana大陆聚合期间,华南一直保持在超大陆边缘的古地理位置,与印度北缘相连。     

湘西北花垣县下寒武统清虚洞组浊积岩沉积特征及其地质意义

湘西北花垣县及邻区,在下寒武统清虚洞组下部发育一套地质特征典型、沉积序列明显的浊积岩。其底面侵蚀构造清楚,覆盖于底面上的各层段厚度变化较大,在各层段内由下往上碎屑粒度依次变细,并相继出现有变形纹层、平行纹层和波痕纹层理等沉积构造,是典型的浅海浊积岩。据各层段的发育情况可总结为5种剖面结构。因冰川消融而使海平面上升,故清水洞组浊积期海水深度增大。浊流活动受北东东向保靖—花垣断裂控制,其活动与新元古代发生并延续到早古生代的罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件有关。     

浙闽地区新元古代变火山岩系岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙闽地区华夏地块前寒武纪上基底主要由出露于阈西北和浙西南的马面山群、万全群和龙泉群组成.对比研究表明,以上3个岩群具有相似的构造演化、岩石组合、元素地球化学特征及形成时代,它们共同组成了统一的华夏地块变质上基底,在构造上是相连的,主要由经历了高绿片岩相-低绿帘角闪岩相变质变形作用的绿片岩和变粒岩组成,其原岩为一套双峰式火山岩,形成于新元古代中期.绿片岩的稀土配分型式右倾,轻重稀土分异较大,具洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的特征,其微量元素表现为左部"大隆起"式的特征,大离子素石元素(LILE)K,Rb,Ba,Th明显富集,Nb相对La富集,表现出大陆裂谷玄武岩的特征.绿片岩和变粒岩具有统一的岩浆演化趋势,为同源岩浆演化的产物,地球化学特征和构造判别图解显示它们形成于板内拉张的大陆裂谷环境,可能是新元古代Rodinia泛大陆裂解在华南的记录,与地幔柱的活动有关.马面山群第二类绿片岩表现出岛弧特征,可能为陆壳物质混染所致.     

柴达木地块南缘昆北单元变质新元古代花岗岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄

侵入于香日德南昆北单元金水口岩群白沙河岩组中的变质花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄约为904Ma.该年龄与东昆仑地区已有的定年数据一道,表明柴达木地块南缘存在一条中-新元古代的花岗岩深成侵入岩带,整个柴达木地块可能曾响应了全球Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件.     

Geochronology of the khondalite belt of Trivandrum Block, Southern India: Electron probe ages and implications for Gondwana tectonics

In a comprehensive U–Pb electron microprobe study of zircon and monazite from the khondalite belt of Trivandrum Block in southern Kerala, we present age data on five key metapelite locations (Nedumpara, Oottukuzhi, Kulappara, Poolanthara and Paranthal). The rocks here, characterized by the assemblage of garnet–sillimanite–spinel–cordierite–biotite–K–feldsapr–plagiocalse–quartz–graphite, have been subjected to granulite facies metamorphism under extreme thermal conditions as indicated by the stability of spinel + quartz and the presence of mesoperthites that equilibrated at ultrahigh-temperature (ca. 1000 °C) conditions. The oldest spot age of 3534 Ma comes from the core of a detrital zircon at Nedumpara and is by far the oldest age reported from this supracrustal belt. Regression of age data from several spot analyses in single zircons shows “isochrons” ranging from 3193 ± 72 to 2148 ± 94 Ma, indicating heterogeneous population of zircons derived from multiple provenance. However, majority of zircons from the various localities shows Neoproterozoic apparent ages with sharply defined peaks in individual localities, ranging between 644–746 Ma. The youngest zircon age of 483 Ma was obtained from the outermost rim of a grain that incorporates a relict core displaying ages in the range of 2061–2543 Ma.The cores of monazites also show apparent older ages of Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic range, which are mantled by late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian rims. The oldest monazite core has an apparent age of 2057 Ma. Extensive growth of new monazite during latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian–Ordovician times is also displayed by grain cores with apparent ages up to 622 Ma. The homogeneous core of a sub-rounded monazite grain yielded a maximum age of 569 Ma, markedly younger than the 610 Ma age reported in a previous study from homogenous and rounded zircon core from a metapelite in Trivandrum Block. These younger ages from abraded grains that have undergone fluvial transport are interpreted to indicate that deposition within the khondalite belt was as young as, or later than, this range. Probability density plots indicate that majority of the monazite grain population belong to Late Proterozoic/Cambrian age (ca. 560–520 Ma) with major peaks defining sharp spikes in individual localities.The age data presented in this study indicate that the metasediments of the Trivandrum Block sourced from Archaean and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic crustal fragments that were probably assembled in older supercontinents like Ur and Columbia. The largest age population of zircons belong to the Neoproterozoic, and are obviously related to orogenies during the pre-assembly phase of Gondwana, possibly from terrains belonging to the East African Orogen. Several prominent age spikes within the broad late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian age range displayed by monazites denote the dynamic conditions and extreme thermal perturbations attending the birth of Gondwana. Our study further establishes the coherent link between India and Madagascar within the East Gondwana ensemble prior to the final assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent.     

How High Are the P-T Conditions for Paleoproterozoic Metamorphism of the Huangtuling Felsic Granulite, North Dabieshan, Central China？

This paper is supported by the Special Doctoral Grant of the Ministry of Education of China （No. 98049114） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 49972023）.     

川西新元古代玄武质岩浆岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、元素和Nd同位素研究:岩石成因与地球动力学意义

扬子块体西缘新元古代岩浆活动非常强烈 ,其成因对研究Rodinia超级大陆的演化有重要意义。目前对这些岩浆岩的成因和形成的构造背景存在地幔柱和岛弧两种截然不同的观点。文中对康定地区的冷碛辉长岩进行了SHRIMP锆石UPb、元素和Nd同位素研究 ,结果表明辉长岩结晶年龄为 (80 8± 12 )Ma ,与康定花岗质杂岩在时空上密切共生。虽然辉长岩浆在上升过程中受到富集岩石圈地幔和 /或基性下地壳物质的混染 ,但其元素和Nd同位素特征总体上与苏雄碱性玄武岩 (典型的板内型玄武岩 )相似 ,形成于板内裂谷环境。与玄武质岩石相反 ,扬子西缘新元古代花岗质岩石地球化学特征没有明确的构造岩石组合关系。目前的研究资料表明扬子块体西北缘在约 95 0～ 90 0Ma期间可能存在一个近东西向的俯冲带和火山弧 ,但在 86 0～ 75 0Ma期间不存在火山弧 ,这个时期的大规模岩浆活动很可能与Rodinia超级大陆下的一个超级地幔柱活动有关。     

关于我国前寒武纪研究中几个重点问题的分析

在综合分析国内外前寒武纪地质研究动向的基础上,强调应加强研究的几个问题,其中包括在古大陆上进一步识别始太古代地壳和深化对古老地壳组成及特点的研究;对我国古元古界系统年代地层单位的南华系建系进行了分折;对孔兹岩系,榴辉岩相变质和蛇绿岩等疑难地层和疑难地质事件时间维的确定应在进行微区测定的同时,深入对测年对象成因矿物学的研究;在前寒武纪超大陆和超大陆事件的研究过程中,应加强综合地层学方法的研究,立足于实际,重点解决我国几个古大陆之间的相互关系及它们在超大陆中的位置,同时强调微大陆块体地史演化对研究造山带和古大陆复原工作的重要性;最后讨论了重大地质事件所引发的资源与环境效应。