华南的格林威尔造山带及其坍塌:在罗迪尼亚超大陆演化中的意义

华南的格林威尔造山运动始自约1200MaB.P.,在约1000～950MaB.P.扬子与湘赣—华夏微大陆发生碰撞 ,继之以岩石圈的拆沉作用和造山带的快速坍塌 ,在仰冲板片和下插板片上分别形成华南裂谷的北支和南支 ,部分地区可能有新生洋壳出现。裂谷以北地区的造山活动持续到约740MaB.P.,碰撞高原控制了长安冰期的沉积 ,至南沱冰期沉积时它已近剥蚀夷平。文章重塑了新元古代时华南裂谷的演化 ,探讨了它在罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解中的意义     

A Rifting Story of South China, With Particular Reference to Rodinia Breakup

A RIFTING STORY OF SOUTH CHINA, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO RODINIA BREAKUP     

孔兹岩系事件与太古宙地壳构造演化

孔兹岩系是太古宙高级变质岩区中较为常见的变质沉积岩石地层单位 ,它以富铝(含墨 )的矽线榴云片麻岩为特征 ,伴有石英岩、钙硅酸盐岩及富镁大理岩等组合而成的一套岩石地层。内蒙古大青山地区近年来研究工作的重要进展之一 ,是对发育在该区的孔兹岩系进行了系统构造地层学研究 ,提出了由下至上三个岩层单位组成的地层序列 :即榴云片麻岩岩组、含黑榴云片麻岩岩组及大理岩岩组或透辉片麻岩岩组 ,下与兴和岩群的麻粒岩系 ,上与浅变质的古元古代美岱召岩群呈不整合接触。根据侵入孔兹岩系中的单斜辉石斜长角闪岩的Sm Nd同位素年龄 2 80 0Ma(杨振升等 ,另文发表 ) ,确定孔兹岩系时代应属中太古代 ,按区域太古宙地层构造格架 ,在大青山—乌拉山及色尔腾山地区孔兹岩系应位于新太古代色尔腾山群之下。大青山地区所建立的孔兹岩地层层序及其在太古宙地层系统中的位置 ,无疑对相邻地区高级变质区的岩石地层研究有重要借鉴意义。联系到全球太古宙高级变质区中相当于孔兹岩系的组成分布的广泛性与其惊人的相似性 ,作者建议使用孔兹岩系事件一词来表达 350 0～ 2 80 0Ma时期地壳上曾经存在超洲际规模的克拉通大陆 ,这规模巨大的克拉通的富铝 (含黑 )碎屑岩—石英岩—碳酸盐岩 (钙硅酸盐 )的沉积事件 ,即孔兹岩系事     

Metamorphic imprint of accretion and ridge subduction in the Pan‐African Damara Belt,Namibia

Ridge subduction is an inescapable plate tectonic process, but has only been documented in modern circum‐Pacific environments and not yet been recognized from suture zones associated with supercontinent assembly, likely because its imprint is obliterated by later collision. The formation of the Pan‐African Damara Belt of central Namibia involved northward subduction of the Khomas Sea underneath the Congo Craton, prior to final suturing of the Congo and Kalahari Cratons. The accretionary history of the Belt is preserved in the Southern and Southern Marginal Zones, which consist of turbiditic metasedimentary and intercalcated mafic rocks with MORB affinity. Two localities in the Kuiseb and Gaub canyons reveal that aluminous metapelites contain a fabric‐defining assemblage of fine‐grained muscovite, chlorite, biotite, quartz and graphite that is overprinted by randomly oriented porphyroblasts and poikiloblasts of garnet, staurolite, kyanite and biotite. Associated metamafic rocks consist of hornblende, chlorite, epidote, rutile and quartz, with actinolite cores preserved in amphibole porphyroblasts. Metamorphic conditions for the fabric‐defining assemblage are estimated at ～10 kbar and 540–560 C, whereas peak metamorphism likely occurred at 10–10.5 kbar and 600 C. Consequently, these rocks preserve a two‐stage prograde metamorphic history, where initial tectonic burial was followed by relatively rapid, near‐isobaric heating without attendant deformation to peak metamorphic conditions. We propose that initial burial occurred through subduction and underplating to the accretionary prism, before ridge subduction and opening of a slab window heated the rocks to peak metamorphic conditions. The exceptional preservation of the tectono‐thermal imprint of the accretionary orogenic stage is due to the relatively soft, largely aborted collision that characterized the Damara orogeny, which can be attributed to the confined extent of the Khomas Sea.     

塔里木盆地东南缘阿克塔什塔格地区古元古代精细年代格架的确定及其地质意义

塔里木盆地东南缘的阿克塔什塔格地区,基底变质杂岩中含有较多的古元古代变质侵入体及敦煌岩群孔兹岩系.变质侵入体规模一般较小,它们以岩体特征明显、与米兰岩群的侵入接触界线清晰、钠质混合岩化不发育、角闪岩相变质等特征区别新太古代TTG岩系.其中,以岩体形式较大规模出露的有闪长质片麻岩、片麻状石英闪长岩、角闪石英正长岩、碳酸岩...     

Pe trology and SHRIMP zircon geochronology of granulites from Vesleknausen,Lützow-Holm Complex,East Antarctica: Neoarchean magmatism and Neoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism

We report new petrological data and geochronological measurements of granulites from Vesleknausen in the highest-grade section of the L＆#252;tzow-Holm Complex, part of the Gondwana-assembling collisional orogen in East Antarctica. The locality is dominated by felsic to intermediate orthogneiss （charnockite and minor biotite gneiss）, mafic orthogneiss, and hornblende-pyroxene granulite, with deformed and undeformed dykes of metagranite and felsic pegmatite. Pseudosection analysis of charnockite in the system NCKFMASHTO, supported by geothermometry of mafic orthogneiss, was used to infer peak metamorphic temperatures of 750e850 ？C, approximately 150 ？C lower than those estimated for met-asedimentary gneisses from Rundv？gshetta, 6 km to the northeast. SHRIMP U-Pb analysis of zircons from feldspar-pyroxene gneiss, which corresponds to a partially molten patch around mafic orthogneiss, yielded a Concordia upper intercept ages of 2507.9 ？ 7.4 Ma, corresponding to the time of formation of the magmatic protolith to the orthogneiss. Partial melting during peak metamorphism probably took place between 591 and 548 Ma, as recorded in rims overgrew around magmatic zircon. Our results suggest that Rundv？gshetta-Vesleknausen-Strandnibba region in southwestern L＆#252;tzow-Holm Bay, where orthogneisses are dominant, consists of a single crustal block, possibly formed by ca. 2.5 Ga arc mag-matism. The Neoarchean magmatic terrane was tectonically mingled with other fragments （such as metasedimentary units in northern L＆#252;tzow-Holm Bay） by subduction/collision events during the as-sembly of Gondwana supercontinent, and subsequently underwent w850 ？C granulite-facies meta-morphosed during Neoproterozoic to Cambrian final collisional event.     

扬子北缘晚古元古代A型花岗质岩:Columbia超大陆裂解的证据

为约束扬子陆块晚古元古代构造演化历史,以华山观岩体的钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展地球化学、年代学、全岩Nd同位素及锆石Hf同位素分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为1860±12 Ma(MSWD=0.69)和1832±14 Ma(MSWD=0.48)。两类岩石都显示铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,一致的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-10.9～-13.8)及其二阶段模式年龄(2962～3183 Ma),揭示其由同一套太古宙的地壳部分熔融形成。综合已有ε_(Hf)(t)值资料,表明扬子陆块广泛存在两套太古宙长英质地壳(3.0～3.5 Ga; 3.5～3.9 Ga),为华山观两类花岗岩的岩浆形成提供了物源。华山观岩体两类花岗岩的锆石饱和温度揭示源岩位于较深的地壳,且二长花岗岩的形成有更多热源的参与。结合扬子陆块同期(～1.85Ga)A型花岗岩的地球化学数据,认为华山观钾长花岗岩具有后碰撞A_2型花岗岩的特征,形成于后碰撞伸展环境,而华山观二长花岗岩具有A_1型花岗岩的地球化学特征,暗示造山后伸展到陆内裂谷过渡的构造背景,可能与Columbia超大陆裂解有关。     

滇西北石鼓岩群新元古代变质基性岩锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

滇西北石鼓岩群位于羌塘-三江造山系中咱-中甸地块南缘丽江地区石鼓-巨甸一带,石鼓岩群变质岩系中发育的新元古代变质基性岩是Rodinia超大陆裂解的重要构造-岩浆记录。通过对石鼓岩群中的变质基性岩岩石学、地球化学的研究表明,其主要为大洋拉斑玄武岩,具有介于EMORB与OIB之间的地球化学特征,岩浆起源于富集地幔区,是尖晶石地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物,并经历了地壳的混染作用。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明石鼓岩群变质基性岩形成于新元古代中期(833.9±3.5Ma),时代与扬子陆块西缘大量分布的新元古代岩浆岩一致,其形成可能与该时期的地幔柱活动有关。     

吉林通化地区中元古代辉绿岩墙的发现及其地质意义

报道了吉林通化地区中元古代辉绿岩墙LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果及地球化学特征,进而探讨了华北板块东北部中元古代辉绿岩墙形成的构造背景及其与哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的关系。辉绿岩中锆石呈自形,具有较高的Th/U值（0.21～1.45）,其稀土配分型式显示轻稀土(LREEs)亏损、重稀土(HREEs)富集以及正Ce异常和负Eu异常,上述特征暗示所测锆石为岩浆锆石。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示: 7个分析点构成一条不一致线,上交点年龄为(1 244±28) Ma,该年龄代表了辉绿岩的形成时代,即中元古代。辉绿岩的SiO₂质量分数为49.3%～49.5%,Mg^#值为42.2～42.6,TFe₂O₃为13.6%～14.1%,属于拉斑玄武岩系列。微量元素特征显示: LREEs及大离子亲石元素(LILEs)相对富集,HREEs相对亏损,具有弱的Nb、Ta的亏损和Ti的富集,无明显Eu异常,Ba/Nb和La/Nb值分别为15.8～17.3和1.15～1.20,上述特征暗示通化地区中元古代辉绿岩来源于岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并有软流圈组分的涉入。结合前人对华北板块北缘前寒武纪地质事件的研究成果,认为通化地区中元古代辉绿岩墙形成于强烈伸展环境,其形成与哥伦比亚超大陆的裂解有关。     

扬子克拉通南华纪碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素对华南新元古代岩浆事件的指示

对采自宜昌三峡地区南华纪沉积岩中碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb定年,新元古代锆石U-Pb年龄在833Ma、785Ma出现高峰,说明此时期有两期大规模岩浆活动.结合前人的Hf同位素结果,新元古代锆石U-Pb年龄与ε_Hf(t)值关系图表明: 910~890Ma之间锆石ε_Hf(t)值表现为高正值(≈10,接近亏损地幔演化值),890~840Ma锆石ε_Hf(t)值明显降低,并有负值出现,另外在890Ma处有年龄峰出现.笔者认为扬子和华夏板块的拼合可能在890Ma发生了由俯冲到陆-陆或陆-弧的碰撞,之前的高ε_Hf(t)值由洋壳俯冲造成,之后碰撞作用陆壳物质熔融造成了ε_Hf(t)值的降低; 840~800Ma的锆石ε_Hf(t)值有正也有负,800~780Ma的锆石ε_Hf(t)值小于0,780~750Ma的锆石ε_Hf(t)值大于0.这些数据与830~795Ma、780~745Ma两期地幔柱事件吻合.