川西康定—丹巴地区新元古代基性岩墙成因及源区性质

提要：扬子地块西缘新元古代岩浆岩分布广泛,目前对其成因和构造背景的认识还存在很大争议。本文报道了川西康滇裂谷北段康定—丹巴地区新元古代基性岩墙的岩石学、元素地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素特征,探讨其岩石成因、岩浆源区性质和岩浆熔融深度。结果表明岩石样品属拉斑系列,形成于板内裂谷环境,岩浆在上升侵位过程中受到了初生岛弧地壳物质不同程度的混染。岩浆起源于亏损地幔源区,是尖晶石地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物,很可能与导致Rodinia超级大陆裂解的新元古代地幔柱事件有关。     

哥伦比亚超大陆在扬子陆块西缘的探秘

在扬子陆块西缘的拉拉、小关河-东川、大红山等地区出露了3套古元古代Statherian期（1.6～1.8Ga）的浅变质岩系,被分别命名为河口群、通安组-汤丹群-东川群、大红山群。从2.0Ga至1.4Ga期间,其地质历史演化经历：（1）约2.2～1.8Ga的造山运动;（2）约1.7～1.5Ga发生的非造山裂解事件群;（3）约1.7～1.5Ga侵入到古元古代地层的基性岩墙群、层状侵入体事件;（4）因民、落雪地区,约1.5～1.2Ga发生的陆架裂陷事件;（5）上扬子古陆块西缘,约1.0Ga发生的碰撞造山事件。本文重点阐述了扬子陆块西缘1.8～1.6Ga时期大规模裂解事件群的性质、特点和同位素年龄数据,认为上扬子陆块裂解事件群的性质、特点和时代等特征与华北、北美、西伯利亚和西北欧有很大的相似性,并提出了古元古代扬子陆块与其它陆块曾经联合的证据。     

Mid-Late Neoproterozoic China： Geological records Rodinia rift-related volcanic rocks in of rifting and break-up of

Early Cambrian and Mid-Late Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks in China are widespread on several Precambrian continental blocks,which had aggregated to form part of the Rodinia supercontinent by ca.900 Ma.On the basis of petrogeochemical data,the basic lavas can be classified into two major magma types:HT(Ti/Y>500) and LT(Ti/Y<500) that can be further divided into HT1 (Nb/La>0.85) and HT2(Nb/La≤0.85),and LT1(Nb/La>0.85) and LT2(Nb/La≤0.85) subtypes, respectively.The geochemical variation of the HT2 and LT2 lavas can be accounted for by lithospheric contamination of asthenosphere-(or plume-) derived magmas,whereas the parental magmas of the HT1 and LT1 lavas did not undergo,during their ascent,pronounced lithospheric contamination.These volcanics exhibit at least three characteristics:(1) most have a compositional bimodality;(2) they were formed in an intracontinental rift setting;and(3) they are genetically linked with mantle plumes or a mantle surperplume.This rift-related volcanism at end of the MidNeoproterozoic and Early Cambrian coincided temporally with the separation between AustraliaEast Antarctica,South China and Laurentia and between Australia and Tarim,respectively. The Mid—Late Neoproterozoic volcanism in China is the geologic record of the rifting and break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia.     

Continental flood basalts of the Huashan Group,northern margin of the Yangtze block – implications for the breakup of Rodinia

It is generally accepted that Neoproterozoic extension and dispersal of the supercontinent Rodinia was associated with mantle plume or superplume activities. However, plume-generated contemporaneous continental flood basalts (CFBs) have rarely been identified. In this study, we present geochronological and geochemical evidence for the basalts from the Liufangzui Formation of the Huashan Group in the Dahongshan region of east-central China. A representative sample yields a SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age of 824 ± 9 Ma, interpreted as the crystallization age of the rocks. Geochemically, these basalts belong to the subalkaline tholeiite series and display slight enrichments in light rare earth elements (LREE) and varying degrees of deficiency of high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. This pattern is very similar to that of CFBs from the Bikou Group and Tiechuanshan Formation in the northwestern Yangtze block in China and Siberia in Russia. The basaltic magmas underwent partially-fractional crystallization during ascent, but were not intensely influenced by crustal contamination. The characteristic element ratios and negative Hf isotopic analyses (?_Hf(t) = ?6.6–2.6) in zircons indicate that the parental magmas of the basalts might have been derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle rather than from the depleted mantle such as normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORBs). The geochemical signatures and regional geological characteristics show that these basalts were formed along intraplate continental rifts rather than in island arcs or ocean basins. Considering the coeval basic volcanic rocks in South China, we propose that these Huashan Group basalts represent the remnants of plume-generated CFBs and have close spatiotemporal ties with a coeval basic igneous province in Australia. Our results support the Neoproterozoic location of the South China block adjacent to southeastern Australia in the reconstruction model of the supercontinent Rodinia.     

北大巴山凤凰山岩体锆石U Pb LA ICP MS年龄及其构造意义

北大巴山凤凰山岩体是扬子陆块北缘典型的新元古代侵入岩群,对采自岩体的6个花岗岩(闪长岩)样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年分析。定年数据显示,岩浆活动可分为早期(797±6Ma)、中期(770±6Ma、774±5Ma)、晚期(755±6Ma、750±13Ma和743±6Ma)三个阶段,证实凤凰山岩体为多期岩浆侵入形成。这几期岩浆活动在扬子陆块具同步性和普遍性,广泛被记录在黄陵、汉南等其它新元古代杂岩中。凤凰山花岗岩完整记录了扬子陆块北缘南华纪初期的区域拉张—裂陷事件,其形成可能与导致Rodinia超大陆裂解作用的幕式地幔柱活动有关。本次研究对认识扬子陆块新元古代地壳生长与再造过程及Rodinia超大陆裂解机制具有重要意义。     

浙江次坞地区晋宁晚期双峰式岩浆杂岩带的地球化学特征：Rodinia超大陆裂解的岩石学记录

次坞地区晋宁晚期火山岩与侵入岩由基性岩（上墅组下段基性火山岩与次坞辉绿岩体）和酸性岩（上墅组上段酸性火山岩与道林山碱长花岗岩体）组成,它们在时空上紧密伴生,成因上密切相关,SiO₂ 含量集中分布在两个区间,缺乏SiO₂为57％~68％的中性及中酸性成分,构成一套双峰式岩浆杂岩组合。酸性岩在化学组成上富硅碱而贫钙镁,准铝-过铝质,富含Zr、Nb和稀土元素,FeO^*/MgO、Rb/Sr比值大,显示出A型花岗质岩石的成分特征;基性岩具有富铝、钠、钛和偏碱性的特征,形成于陆内至陆缘张裂环境。基性岩与酸性岩由不同的源区熔融形成,基性岩起源于亏损程度较低的地幔或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到陆壳物质的混染,酸性岩可能起源于地壳中既含有基性地壳组分和又含有酸性地壳组分的源区的部分熔融。双峰式岩浆杂岩的形成,是华南Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的岩石学记录,揭示了华南Rodinia超大陆裂解始于青白口纪。     

塔里木盆地北部志留系碎屑锆石测年及其地质意义

志留系是塔里木盆地第一套砂岩储层广泛分布的沉积盖层,其沉积来源与成因对志留纪构造演化及周边造山带的研究具有重要意义。塔里木盆地北部地区2个志留系代表性样品的碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究表明,志留系具有比较集中的三期物源年龄:中元古代早期1500～1600Ma、新元古代早期750～900Ma、奥陶纪450～500Ma。碎屑锆石定龄表明东部地区志留系物源主要来自阿尔金地区奥陶纪火成岩,而西部塔北地区志留系物源主要来自北部古隆起前寒武纪基底。前寒武纪锆石年龄揭示塔里木板块在新元古代时期与Rodinia超大陆具有相似的聚合与裂解演化史,塔里木北部地区在中元古代存在与Columbia超大陆裂解时间一致的构造-热事件。     

北祁连山镜铁山地区镜铁山群岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

镜铁山铁（铜）矿床是我国西北地区发现和勘探最早的大型铁（铜）矿床。对于铁矿床的成因,目前还存在不同的观点。本文对镜铁山铁铜矿床赋矿地层开展了岩石学和岩石化学成分分析,结果显示：变质石英砂岩的SiO2平均含量为96. 95%、Al2O3平均为1. 36%、Fe2O3平均为0. 31%,SiO2/Al2O3平均值为73. 26,K2O/Na2O平均值为12. 54;除Sn以外,其他微量元素平均含量均低于后太古宙澳大利亚页岩(PAAS) 值,稀土元素总量显著低于PAAS值,具有弱的Eu正异常,Ce异常不明显;铁碧玉岩SiO2平均含量为85. 67%、Fe2O3平均含量为10. 19%、SiO2/Al2O3平均为430. 47、K2O/Na2O平均为0. 79;除Cu、Ba和Pb平均含量显著高于PAAS外,其他微量元素平均含量均低于PAAS,具有极低的稀土总量、较明显的Eu正异常和不明显的Ce异常;千枚岩SiO2平均为63. 56%、Al2O3平均为14. 35%、Fe2O3平均为5. 04%,K2O平均为5. 08%,MgO平均为2. 46%,SiO2/Al2O3=4. 2~4. 95,平均为4. 44,除了Cu、Sr和U外,其他微量元素均高于PAAS,尤其是Sn和Ba显著高于PAAS。稀土元素总量与PAAS相当,Ce和Eu异常不明显。认为镜铁山群下岩组千枚岩和变质石英砂岩为陆源石英质沉积岩和中—中酸性火成岩在半干旱—潮湿的气候条件下经历了中等—强烈的风化并在被动大陆边缘的氧化—贫氧—次氧化水体环境沉积而成,铁碧玉岩源岩主要为火成岩,形成于氧化的水体环境,为典型的热水成因。镜铁山铁矿为SEDEX型矿床,其形成与哥伦比亚超大陆裂解有关。     

红安造山带南缘古元古代杂岩体的发现对扬子板块古元古代造山事件的约束

识别并研究扬子板块古元古代的岩浆-变质-沉积事件,是探讨扬子板块古元古代构造演化的基础,也是重建该陆块在Columbia超大陆中位置的前提。新发现的金盆杂岩体为进一步揭示扬子板块古元古代岩浆事件和造山过程提供了新的制约信息。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,金盆片麻状二长花岗岩、奥长花岗岩和基性岩脉的形成年龄分别为～2478Ma、～2049Ma和～19991Ma。奥长花岗岩具有高的SiO_2(71.62%～76.92%)、Na_2O (4.58%～6.47%)含量,低的K_2O (0.50%～1.06%)、FeO~T+MgO (0.81%～3.86%)、Y (5.34×10~(-6)～14.7×10~(-6))和 Yb (0.55×10~(-6)～1.07×10~(-6))含量,显示变化的 Sr/Y(10.9～28.5)和(La/Yb)。(4.7～21.6)比值和负的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(-13.1～-3.4)。这些特征表明,金盆奥长花岗岩可能为陆壳物质在加厚地壳源区部分熔融的产物,其类似TTG岩的地球化学特征主要受控于部分熔融过程中石榴石+角闪石在源区的残留。基性岩脉具有相对富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素、亏损重稀土和高场强元素的微量元素配分模式,以及富集的Nd-Hf同位素组成(全岩ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.47～-2.47、锆石ε_(Hf)(t)=-11～-5.6)这样的弧型地球化学特征和富集的同位素组成是由地壳混染和富集地幔源区共同造成。高的Nb含量(11.4×10~(-6)～14.8×10~(-6))以及Nb/U (19.2～23.6)、Nb/La (0.53～0.65)和Nb/Th (3.71～4.67)比值指示其源区遭受了再循环沉积物熔体的交代。综合本文和前人的数据推测,扬子东、西陆块在2.15～2.0Ga不断汇聚,并可能在2.0～1.95 Ga沿着黄陵-钟祥一线拼贴,最终形成古元古代统一的基底,这一过程可能与全球Columbia超大陆的形成有关。