大于3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗初探

目的 回顾分析>3 cm脑转移瘤分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)的初步疗效,评价其临床应用价值.方法 搜集2006年前10年间采用FSRT且资料完整的直径>3 cm的脑转移瘤患者47例,其中男34例,女13例,年龄31～87岁(中位值58岁).原发灶病理为腺癌19例,鳞癌7例,小细胞癌7例,腺鳞癌3例,黑色素瘤2例,低分化癌、透明细胞癌、移行细胞癌各1例,病理类型不明6例.初治组26例,复发组21例.脑转移瘤直径3.1～6.0 cm(中位值3.8 cm).计划靶体积2.5～33.8 cm3(中位值9.4 cm3).FSRT总剂量16～68 Gy(中位值31 Gy)分2～15次(中位值5次).原发灶治疗方法 :手术23例,放、化疗22例,未治2例.结果 随访截止2008年4月,随访率为100%,满5年随访的例数为28例.1、2、5年局部控制率分别为49%、44%、44%.中位生存期11.0个月(0.5～88.0个月,95%CI=8.1～13.8个月);1、2、5年总生存率分别为40%、17%、6%.在死亡的46例中,21例死于颅内病变进展,17例死于颅外病变进展,8例死于其他原因.结论 FSRT通过分次治疗、个体化给量、全脑放疗或一程FSRT后推量,能有效控制最大径>3 cm的脑转移瘤、延长生存并改善生活质量.     

侵袭性纤维瘤病诊治进展

侵袭性纤维瘤病不同于普通良性软组织肿瘤，表现为局部浸润生长．但未见转移。侵袭性纤维瘤病手术切除后，具有高局部复发率。放疗提高局部控制率，化疗应用于不宜手术和放疗患者是有益的。全文就侵袭性纤维瘤病的诊治作一综述。     

己酮可可碱增强 (E)－ (2′ )－脱氧－氟亚甲基胞苷的细胞毒性和对宫颈癌细胞的放射增敏作用

目的：观察己酮可可碱 (pentoxifylline, PTX)对 (E)－ (2')－脱氧－氟亚甲基胞苷 [(E)－ 2－ deoxy 2 (fluoromethylene) cytidine, FMdC]的细胞毒性和放射增敏作用的影响。方法 : 在人类宫颈癌细胞系 C33 A和 C4 I, FMdC和 PTX的细胞毒性和放射增敏作用应用 MTT和克隆形成分析。两种药物的细胞毒性相互作用应用 Isoborogram分析。常规照射剂量 2 Gy时的放射增敏比（ sensitive enhancement ratio, SER）定义为 2 Gy时对照组存活分数（ survival fraction, SF）和药物处理组 SF之比 (SER2Gy)。结果： PTX增加 FMdC 对 C33 A和 C4 I 细胞的细胞毒性,并呈剂量依赖关系。单药 FMdC对 C4 I和 C33 A的 50％抑制浓度（ 50％ inhibition concentration, IC50）分别为 139.5 nmol/L和 46.7 nmol/L。在 C4 I细胞, 0.25 mmol/L、 0.5 mmol/L和 1.0 mmol/L PTX降低 FMdC的 IC50至 58.0 nmol/L、 40.6 nmol/L和 20.9 nmol/L。在 C33 A细胞, 0.25 mmol/L、 0.5 mmol/L和 1.0 mmol/L PTX降低 FMdC的 IC50至 32.1 nmol/L、 23.3 nmol/L和 9.1 nmol/L。 Isoborogram分析表明 , FMdC和 PTX的细胞毒性效应为相乘作用。应用克隆形成分析,照射前用 30 nmol/L FMdC处理指数生长期 C33 A和 C4 I细胞 48 h或照射后立即单用 0.25～ 1.0 mmol/L PTX, 均能观察到各自的放射增敏作用 ; 如果两药联合应用,细胞放射敏感性明显增加。在 C4 I细胞系 , 单药 30 nmol/L FMdC和 0.5 mmol/L PTX的 SER2Gy分别为 2.08± 0.66和 1.76± 0.30,而两药联合时的 SER2Gy为 3.18± 1.32。在 C33 A细胞系,单药 30 nmol/L FMdC和 0.5 mmol/L PTX的 SER2Gy分别为 1.32± 0.24和 1.36± 0.10,而两药联合时的 SER2Gy为 1.96± 0.18。结论：己酮可可碱能增强体外 FMdC的细胞毒性和对宫颈癌细胞的放射增敏作用。     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗后等待观察策略疗效分析

目的:比较局部进展期直肠癌新辅助治疗后临床完全缓解(cCR)的患者等待观察(W&W)与直肠癌全系膜切除术(TME)后病理完全缓解(pCR)患者的疗效。方法:回顾性队列研究,收集2014—2019年中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的新辅助放化疗Ⅱ-Ⅲ期直肠癌患者,纳入标准为完成新辅助治疗后规律随访≥1年且达到cCR者(W&W组...     

利用正交千伏级X线透视图像修正肝癌放疗摆位误差的可行性研究

目的 评价正交千伏级X线透视图像(OKVFI)对肝癌术后植入银环放疗患者修正摆位误差的可行性.方法 在带千伏级X线容积成像(XVI)系统加速器上每次对患者摆位后分别在planar View模式下获取多帧合成的平均化OKVFI和在volume View模式下获取锥形束CT(CBCT)图像.共得到10例患者OKVFI和CBCT图像各90套.将OKVFI与基于四维CT得到的数字重建射野影像配准得到的摆位数据以及CBCT图像与四维CT图像配准后得到的摆位数据进行比较.用Pearson法相关分析两种配准方法 相关性及一致性的可信区间(CI).结果 两种配准方法 在左右、前后、头脚方向上的相关系数分别为0.821、0.771、0.909,95%CI分别为-2.30～1.53、-2.06～3.01、-2.69～1.53,3mm内摆位误差占总摆位误差的百分比分别为97.78%、95.56%、96.67%.结论 OKVFI在确定肝癌患者摆位误差方面与CBCT图像有高度相关性和一致性,利用它修正肝癌患者摆位误差是可行的.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using orthogonal kilo voltage fluoroscopic imaging(OKVFI)for setup correction in image guided radiotherapy of the liver.Methods After positioned the patients with liver cancer implanted with silver rings on the accelerator equipped with kilo voltage X-ray volume imaging(XVI),averaged OKVFI and cone beam CT(CBCT) volumetric images were acquired.A total of 90 datasets of averaged OKVFI and 90 datasets of volumetric images for 10 patients were obtained.The couch shifts obtained by the matching between OKVFI and digitally reconstructed radiograph were compared tu those achieved by the registration between CBCT and 4D reference average CT.On the comparison of the two different matching metheds.the Pearson coefficient was used to analyzed the correlation and Bland-Altman analysis to discern the consistence.Results The Pearson coefficient of correlation for the patient position shifts were R2=0.821.0.771 and 0.909 in the left-right (LR),anterior-posterior(AP)and superior-inferior(SI)directions respectively.95% CI were-2.30 -1.53(LR),-2.06-3.01(AP)and-2.69-1.53(SI)respectively.Within a±3 mm tolerance were 97.78%.95.56%and 96.67%respectively.Conclusions OKVFI has hish correlation and consistence with CBCT image on the setup correction.It is feasible to implement position correction with OKVFI in clinic practice.     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

Ⅰ期睾丸精原细胞瘤放射治疗结果和远期并发症

195 8年至 1 990年 1 2月 ,收治 2 0 0例Ⅰ期睾丸单纯精原细胞瘤。所有病人在睾丸切除术后行膈下放疗。全组 5、1 0和 2 0年生存率分别为 98 9%、98 2 %、和 96 8%。 7例治疗后复发 ,多数远处转移 ,腹腔复发和照射剂量低有关。远期并发症中 ,3%的患者合并十二指肠球部溃疡和胃粘膜脱垂 ,下肢水肿和放射性膀胱炎少见。 9%的病人发生第二原发肿瘤 ,其中 4 5 %发生在 1 0年后。无论是否经阴囊手术或肿瘤侵犯白膜 ,均不必行阴囊和腹股沟照射。我们认为 ,腹主动脉旁和同侧髂血管淋巴引流区预防照射仍然是安全有效的 ,并发症极少 ,照射剂量以DT2 5Gy为宜。     

乳腺癌保乳治疗的临床研究体会

回顾乳腺癌保乳治疗的演变，结合206例实践及学习体会，从病例选择，手术要点，放疗及其它辅助治疗，前哨淋巴结活检，保乳美容评估等方面，探讨保乳综合治疗模式。     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

59例脊椎血管瘤放射治疗疗效分析

目的　探讨脊椎血管瘤放射治疗的适应证、剂量、疗效。方法　脊椎血管瘤 5 9例 ,女 36例 ,男 2 3例。 5 7例有脊椎局部疼痛和 (或 )肢体感觉和 (或 )运动功能障碍。 6例曾在外院接受手术治疗 ,其中 4例为椎板减压加部分肿瘤切除术后复发。采用深部X线、电子线、60 Coγ线、6～ 8MVX线等照射 ,总剂量 2 8～ 90Gy ,中位剂量 4 0Gy。结果　 5 4例可评价疗效 ,总有效率为 87.0 % ;其中剂量30～ 4 0Gy和剂量 >4 0Gy组的有效率分别为 90 .2 %和 83.3% (χ2 =0 .4 1,P =0 .6 0 8)。 9例不完全截瘫者中 ,治愈和显效各 4例 ,1例无效。结论　 (1)放射治疗对有症状的脊椎血管瘤是安全有效的方法 ,有效剂量在 30～ 4 0Gy;而无症状或症状轻微无神经压迫症状者可暂不治疗 ;(2 )放射治疗起效慢 ,大多数病例在疗后 3个月至 7年内 (中位时间 1.5年 )症状逐步减轻或消失 ;(3)放射治疗后影像检查多无明显改变。