脑血栓患者阿司匹林联合他汀类药物对颈动脉斑块的影响分析

目的探究脑血栓患者阿司匹林联合他汀类药物对颈动脉斑块的影响。方法资料随机选自2011年12月—2013年12月在本院诊治的脑血栓患者84例,按照随机数字表方法分成两组,每组42例,予以阿司匹林作对照组,予以阿司匹林联合他汀类药物作研究组,分析两组临床疗效、神经功能评分和颈动脉斑块的面积情况。结果研究组有效率95.24%,比对照组78.57%高,比较具统计学上的意义（P〈0.05）;且两组神经功能的缺损评分与颈动脉的斑块面积,均比治疗前低,比较差异明显具统计学上的意义（P〈0.05）;同时研究组神经功能的缺损评分与颈动脉的斑块面积,均比对照组低,比较差异明显具统计学上的意义（P〈0.05）。结论对脑血栓予阿司匹林联合他汀类药物,疗效显著,且颈动脉斑块改善明显,具有一定临床应用和研究价值。     

全髋关节置换术围手术期深静脉血栓形成防治的临床研究

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术围手术期深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的治疗措施.方法 回顾性分析300例行人工全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料.所有患者入院时均常规检测凝血功能,术后第1,3,5天监测D-二聚体（D-D）水平.疑似DVT患者,行下肢彩色多普勒超声检查,诊断不明确时行静脉造影.全部患者均接受物理治疗和预防性抗凝治疗.结果 术前共诊断DVT20例（30侧肢体）,中心型7例,周围型13例.所有患者进行术前抗凝治疗后,非DVT患者D-D水平呈逐渐下降趋势;DVT患者第1天和第3天D-D仍维持在高水平状态,平均D-D分别为6500,6800 μg/L.其他280例全髋关节置换术病例中共发现40例DVT.其中周围型DVT患者术后继续抗凝治疗6个月,中心型或混合型DVT患者骨科手术后放置临时腔静脉滤器,所有患者围手术期均未出现严重并发症.结论 全髋关节置换术患者术前需要充分监测评估,术后需早期进行功能锻炼,并联合抗凝治疗预防DVT.     

Limited early antiplatelet effect of 300 mg clopidogrel in patients with aspirin therapy undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions

Aim Our aim was to evaluate the early efficacy and variabilityof the platelet inhibition exerted by 300 mg clopidogrel forthe purpose of acute percutaneous coronary interventions usingplatelet function tests. Methods and results Elective percutaneous coronary interventionwas used as a timely model in which clopidogrel was added toongoing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (100 mg/day) at 2.5 hprior to procedure. Blood samples were collected before administrationof clopidogrel and immediately before the intervention from50 patients. Platelet functions were assessed with traditionalaggregation and PFA-100^®. At baseline, 14 (28%) patients were poor responders to aspirinaccording to PFA and 9 (18%) continued to show arachidonic acid-inducedaggregation. After clopidogrel ADP-triggered aggregation wasonly modestly inhibited in 40% of the patients. Eight percentof the study population was left without any measurable antiplateleteffect. The patients with modest response to clopidogrel hadhigher levels of c-peptide (1.5 nmol/L) than the ones respondingwell (0.9 nmol/L, ). Conclusion Neither ongoing aspirin treatment nor added clopidogreldid reach an expected extent of platelet inhibition. This studyshows that aspirin-treated patients undergoing PCI gain highlyvariable levels of platelet inhibition with short-term clopidogrel300 mg. At 2 h after adding clopidogrel it failed to enhance platelet inhibition in 40% of the patients.In future, targeted platelet function tests may be helpful toindividually select an effective antiplatelet medication forthese patients. This study suggests that for acute PTCA clopidogreldoes not reach the optimal antithrombotic efficacy in all patients.     

冠心病患者者的高凝状态

目的:探讨冠心病凝血功能变化的临床意义。方法:选择冠心病人79例,对照组61例,测定血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体含量,并进行比较。结果:冠心病组血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体含量均高于对照组(P<0.05～<0.01),且冠脉病变支数越多,纤维蛋白原含量越高。结论:冠心病患者存在高凝状态,其机制可能与血栓形成有关。     

Optimizing Platelet P2Y12 Inhibition for Patients Undergoing PCI

Guidelines recommend that dual antiplatelet therapy using aspirin and clopidogrel should be administered to the majority of patients with acute coronary syndromes, including those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the results of a large randomized, placebo‐controlled study suggest that a 300‐mg loading dose of clopidogrel must be administered at least 15 h prior to PCI in order to achieve a significant reduction in peri‐PCI thrombotic events. Other data suggest that 2 h of pretreatment may be sufficient if a 600‐mg loading dose is used. Since it is often difficult to achieve an adequate pretreatment goal with clopidogrel in clinical practice, more rapid achievement of platelet P2Y₁₂ inhibition may improve patient outcomes. Prasugrel, [6‐[2‐(3,4‐diflurophenyl) cyclopropyl1‐1‐y1] amino‐2‐propylthio‐9?‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐9H‐purine (AZD6140), and cangrelor are platelet P2Y₁₂ receptor antagonists currently in development that offer faster acting inhibition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)—induced platelet aggregation. These agents act upon the same platelet receptor as clopidogrel, but are distinguished by their routes of administration, reversibility, and pharmacodynamic properties. Prasugrel is an orally administered agent that provides faster, higher, and more consistent inhibition of platelet aggregation than clopidogrel. The results of Phase II testing suggest that the risk of bleeding is similar in prasugrel‐ and clopidogrel‐treated patients. AZD6140 is another orally administered platelet inhibitor with rapid and reversible action. Again, Phase II testing suggests similar bleeding risk for clopidogrel. Preliminary evidence suggests that clinical outcomes may be better in prasugrel‐ and AZD6140‐treated patients than in clopidogrel‐treated patients. Cangrelor is an intravenously administered, reversible, short‐acting agent with a rapid onset of activity. Bleeding risk and clinical outcomes data are similar in cangrelor‐ and abciximab‐treated patients. The results of ongoing Phase III clinical trials involving more than 40,000 patients will demonstrate whether these agents fulfill their potential to improve outcomes in PCI‐treated patients by providing faster, higher, and more consistent inhibition of platelet aggregation.     

冠状动脉内药物支架与裸金属支架支架内血栓形成原因对比分析

目的：分析冠状动脉内药物支架（drug-eluting stent,DES）支架内血栓（stent thrombosis）及裸金属支架（bare metalstent,BMS）内血栓形成的原因。方法：回顾分析1502例术后发生支架内血栓的支架植入患者的临床资料,观察其性别、年龄、病变血管、支架长度和服药情况,分析支架内血栓形成原因。结果：植入药物洗脱支架后9例患者发生支架内血栓,年龄为（70.3±8.3）岁。9例发生支架内血栓患者中,有7例经冠状动脉造影证实,急性血栓1例,亚急性血栓2例,晚期血栓2例,极晚期4例。临床表现为急性心肌梗死7例,其中2例为不稳定心绞痛,死亡2例。其中3例停用氯吡格雷,1例因上消化道出血停用阿司匹林。植入裸金属支架后发生支架内血栓11例,患者平均年龄为（78.2±6.6）岁,其中3例经冠状动脉造影证实,发生率为1.51%,其中表现为急性心梗为5例,6例表现为不稳定心绞痛,死亡5例。结论：冠脉支架内血栓大多与抗血小板治疗不充分有关,但由于患者数较少,对支架植入术后支架内血栓问题还应进行更深入的研究。     

两种不同原因脾切除术后深静脉血栓形成分析

目的探讨两种不同原因脾切除（肝硬化伴脾功能亢进,肝硬化组;外伤性脾破裂,外伤组）术后深静脉血栓形成原因及对策。方法统计分析两种不同原因脾切除患者WBC和PLT计数、Hb变化规律,比较术前凝血功能,并计算两组脾切除术后深静脉血栓形成率。结果脾切除可使肝硬化组术后短时期内WBC恢复正常;对两组Hb没有影响;两组术后PLT均高于正常,但外伤组更明显;两组术前凝血功能没有差异;肝硬化组深静脉血栓形成率较外伤组更高。结论深静脉血栓形成与PLT升高有一定关系,但不是主要的,术后需要增强CT和多普勒超声监测,一旦明确深静脉血栓形成应即予积极抗凝等冶疗。     

克栓胶囊对实验动物体内血栓形成的影响及其机制

目的 研究克栓胶囊对实验动物体内血栓形成的影响及其机制.方法 将50只Wisar大鼠随机分成5组,分别为克栓胶囊高、中、低剂量组和阳性药物组,空白对照组.采用大鼠动、静脉旁路循环血栓模型法,以血栓形成状况与测试血栓素A2(TXA2)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)为指标,观察克栓胶囊的抗血栓作用.结果 克栓胶囊中、高剂量组、阿司...     

急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成CT诊断

目的探讨急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的CT征象和诊断价值。方法回顾性分析20例临床确诊的急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的64层螺旋CT表现。结果 CT直接征象表现为平扫见管腔内等密度或略高密度血栓,CT值约53～73HU,增强后显示病变段管腔内不同程度充盈缺损。间接征象表现为病变段管腔不同程度增粗,10例出现腹腔不同程度积液,14例出现肠管扩张积气积液,11例显示肠壁增厚水肿,3例出现肠壁及门脉积气,2例显示肠壁出血,密度增高,5例门脉期显示受累段肝脏灌注不良。结论 CT平扫及增强扫描能够发现急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成,是早期确诊的最有效影像检查方法。     

心血管介入手术后D-二聚体的变化及其意义

探讨介入术后D-二聚体(DD)变化及其起对血栓性疾病的预测意义。892例行心血管介入诊疗的患者在术前、术后第1,2,3天定量测定DD,对DD高于正常值上限2倍以上(≥1000μg/L)者则在第7,14天再监测DD。结果:①患者术后3天DD较术前明显升高(496.32±28.15μg/Lvs310.28±26.87μg/L,P<0.01);②各组患者术后1,2,3天DD均较术前显著升高(P<0.01),术后1天的增幅最大,术后3天的增幅较小;③有128例患者DD显著升高(≥1000μg/L),其中8例为持续性升高,第7,14天分别为3526.38±1045.45μg/L和3376.75±1015.31μg/L,2例为冠状动脉支架内急性闭塞,5例为深静脉血栓形成,1例为肺栓塞。结论:心血管介入可导致患者血液中DD升高,多为一过性,持续性增高往往提示血栓性疾病的发生。