下肢深静脉血栓形成的溶栓抗凝治疗：附139 例报告

目的:探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的溶栓抗凝治疗的有效性和安全性.方法:回顾性分析139例下肢DVT患者的临床资料,其中左下肢106例,右下肢28例,双下肢5例,均通过下肢静脉彩超检查确诊.患者均予以低分子肝素钙4 100 U/12 h皮下注射,根据患者起病时间长短及有无禁忌,57例患者予以尿激酶10万U/12 h溶栓治疗,所有患者均同时给予低分子右旋糖酐250～500 mL/d静脉滴注祛聚治疗.若患肢红肿明显,血象增高,辅以头孢类抗生素治疗.出院后服用华法林继续抗凝治疗至少半年.结果:所有患者肢体肿胀、疼痛症状均缓解出院,其中1例合并晚期肿瘤患者为签字要求出院.1例患者入院时即有肺栓塞症状,由于经济原因未安装下腔静脉滤器,经溶栓及抗凝治疗后好转出院.所有患者治疗过程中未发生明显出血等并发症.121例患者获得随访,随访时间1个月至3年,平均14个月.患者症状均明显缓解,恢复正常生活.结论:低分子肝素钙抗凝,尿激酶溶栓治疗在下肢DVT中的应用是安全有效的.     

A prospective study of the efficacy of B-scan sonography in the detection of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities

Between 1 July and 31 December, 1985, 53 patients, clinically suspected of having deep venous thrombosis (DVT), were prospectively studied by B-scan ultrasound prior to lower-limb venography. Criteria for a positive ultrasound examination included visualization of frank clot, failure of the vein to collapse with compression, and absence of normal phasic flow with pulse Doppler sampling. All (100%) of the contrast venograms were considered of diagnostic quality. Fifty of the 53 ultrasound examinations (94%) were considered diagnostic. Of the 50 patients having venous ultrasound of diagnostic quality, contrast venography was positive in 25 and negative in 25 for DVT. Venous ultrasound was correct in 46 patients, for an accuracy of 92% (46/50). Sensitivity was 88% (22/25), specificity was 96% (24/25), the positive predictive value was 96% (22/23), and the negative predictive value was 89% (24/27). The single most useful sign of thrombosis in ultrasound examinations was the failure of the involved vein to collapse with compression. Venous ultrasound appears to be highly accurate in the detection of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity.     

动静脉内瘘术中应用硬膜外导管对内瘘功能的影响

目的探讨在动静脉内瘘术中应用硬膜外导管对内瘘功能的影响。方法将2008年6月至2009年12月行动静脉内瘘成形术97例,按手术方式不同分为,对照组（A组,46例）采用常规动静脉造瘘和治疗组（B组,51例）手术过程中采用硬膜外导管扩张及探查,测定两组患者内瘘术后4w时血流量、内瘘成熟率及1年内瘘血栓形成率。结果A组内瘘术后4w时血流量为（452．4±15．4）ml／min,内瘘成熟率为84．8％,1年内瘘血栓形成率为10．9％;B组内瘘术后4w时血流量为（480．6±16．8）ml／min,内瘘成熟率为96．1％,1年内瘘血栓形成率为13．7％。2组内瘘术后4w时血流量及内瘘成熟率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在动静脉内瘘成形手术过程中,应用硬膜外导管探查及扩张,能增加内瘘术后4周时血流量,提高内瘘成熟率,且不增加1年内内瘘血栓发生率。     

明胶海绵微粒联合基因药物栓塞治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓1例

患者男,54岁,因＂胃区不适4个月,发现肝内占位3个月＂入院。查体：右上腹轻压痛。实验室检查：HB-sAg（＋）,AFP 48.60ng/ml。增强CT：肝脏Ⅵ、Ⅶ段约13cm×12cm×10cm占位,动脉期可见不均匀明显强化;门静脉主干及左、右支可见条状充盈缺损,增强期明显强化（图1）。BCLC分期：C期。Child-Pugh分级：     

体外循环下治疗布-加综合征合并下腔静脉血栓形成

目的总结在体外循环辅助下,经右房切口治疗合并下腔静脉血栓形成的布-加氏综合征的治疗经验。方法回顾我院自2002年9月至2010年7月共计49例在体外循环辅助下．经右心房切口治疗合并下腔静脉血栓的布加氏综合征的临床病例和随访资料。结果全组病人均成功的在体外循环辅助下完成经右房切口下腔静脉狭窄段扩张及血栓取出术。术中在手指破膜后再使用3．0×4．0cm球囊进行扩张。围手术期病人无死亡,无急性肺检塞等严重并发症的发生。术后随访0^-36个月,所有病人术后症状明显缓解,腹水及下肢水肿减轻至消失。1例病人术后1年后出现再狭窄,经股静脉行下腔静脉球囊扩张后好转。全组病人术后随访未见有血栓形成。结论在体外循环下,经右房切口对于合并下腔静脉血栓的布-加氏综合征是一种安全有效的治疗方法．     

Thymidylate synthase genotype and serum concentrations of homocysteine and folate in Behçet’s disease

The aim of this study was to assess whether thymidylate synthase (TYMS) genotype, serum homocysteine, and folate concentrations were related to venous thrombosis in Behçet's disease (BD) patients. The study included 104 BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group Criteria for the diagnosis of BD and 121 healthy individuals–controls. Out of 104 patients, 50 (48%) had vascular involvement: 34 had active–history of venous thrombosis, 16 had arterial involvement (aneurysm), and 11 of these patients had both venous and arterial lesions as confirmed by Doppler ultrasound and/or angiography. Genotype analysis of the TYMS promoter enhancer region was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of the TYMS genotypes 2R/2R, 2R/3R, 3R/3R, 4R/2R, and 3R/3R were not significantly different between BD patients and control group (p?>?0.05; 16.5% vs 8.3%, 49.0% vs 53.9%, 31.7% vs 38.0%, 1.9% vs 0%, and 1.0% vs 0%, respectively). TYMS genotypes were not associated with thrombosis and serum homocysteine concentration in BD patients. The mean serum homocysteine level in patients with thrombosis (14.87?±?8.99 μmol/L) was significantly higher than the level in patients without thrombosis (10.78?±?3.81 μmol/L; p?相似文献   

XANTUS-EL: A real-world,prospective, observational study of patients treated with rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation in Eastern Europe,Middle East,Africa and Latin America

Background

The prospective, observational XANTUS study demonstrated low rates of stroke and major bleeding in real-world rivaroxaban-treated patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) from Western Europe, Canada and Israel. XANTUS-EL is a component of the overall XANTUS programme and enrolled patients with NVAF treated with rivaroxaban from Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EEMEA) and Latin America.

Pathogenesis of Thrombosis in Patients with Malignancy

Cancer cells can contribute to activation of the clotting system by their capacity to produce and release procoagulant/fibrinolytic substances and inflammatory cytokines, and by their interaction with host cells (endothelial, monocytes, platelets, and neutrophils). Moreover, anticancer drugs (chemotherapy/hormone therapy) may greatly affect the risk of thromboembolic complications in cancer patients by similar mechanisms, eg, through the release of procoagulants by tumor cells, through endothelial damage, or stimulation of tissue factor production by host cells. The interactions between cancer/metastatic processes and thrombosis have been reviewed here from the pathogenetic viewpoint. We hope that better knowledge of these pathogenetic pathways will lead to the development of more targeted strategies to prevent thromboembolism in cancer patients.     

Hemostatic Changes in Patients with Malignancy

Alterations of hemostasis commonly accompany the progression of malignant disease and every known component of the hemostatic mechanism may be affected by this disease process. Nearly all patients with an active neoplasm will exhibit at least subtle biochemical changes in hemostasis, and a minority of these patients will also develop clinical thrombosis or hemorrhage. In this paper, we will review intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis, thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytosis, as well as more rare thrombotic and hemorrhagic events resulting from the direct interactions of neoplasms, or of their products, with the individual elements of hemostatic mechanisms. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic events resulting from the induction of autoimmune or thrombotic microangiopathic syndromes are also discussed. This review focuses on the clinical thrombotic and bleeding syndromes that may occur as a result of this interaction between neoplasia and hemostasis.