An Experimental Investigation of Parameters Affecting Oil Recovery Efficiency Alteration during a Microbially Aided Water Flooding Process

Abstract

In order to evaluate the potential of microbial recovery in the Iranian Maroon oilfield, laboratory core flood tests were designed and conducted. The effect of biosurfactant production on the recovery of crude oil during waterflooding and the effect of bioproducts on wettability alteration of the cores was investigated. Three different kinds of microbes in two different kinds of growth media as nutrient media were studied. The results showed that the oil recovery was affected by adjustment time, source of carbon, type of microorganism, phosphorus and nitrogen quantity, and salt concentration. In addition, it was found that there are optimum values of adjustment time, phosphorus and nitrogen quantity, and salt concentration that maximize the oil recovery factor. The results of this work can be helpful for designing and developing successful microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) operations.     

Mixed poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol) brushes: Study of switching behavior in selective solvent

The mixed polymer brushes composed of two incompatible polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene glycol), were successfully synthesized via a sequential grafting to method, which was confirmed by water‐contact angle and ellipsometric measurements. The resulted mixed polymer brushes could undergo conformational rearrangements upon exposure to different selective solvents, and then the lateral segregation in nonselective solvent and perpendicular segregation in selective solvent happened. As a result, the mixed polymer brushes exhibited the ripple morphology and dimple morphology in corresponding solvent, respectively, and which led to changes in water‐contact angle and surface composition as a function of bulk composition of the mixed polymer brushes. Moreover, the switching properties as the surface composition, wettability and topographical images could occur in a controlled and reversible fashion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Hydraulic Performance of an Annular Pulsed Disc-and-Doughnut Column

The annular pulsed disc-and-doughnut column (APDDC) is an important type of solvent-extraction equipment used in the PUREX process. Though it has been used in several commercial reprocessing plants in the world, there are few research results reported in the literature. In the present work, experiments were carried out in a stainless steel annular pulsed disc-and-doughnut column with aqueous phase and organic phase as the continuous fluid separately. The air-purge method was used to measure parameters including the two-phase densities, column weight, and two-phase interface location, which were fed back to a computer for column control. The holdup and Sauter drop diameter, the latter of which was calculated based on the gravitational settling model, are correlated as functions of the operating conditions (such as pulsation intensity, total flux, and flow ratio). Flooding holdup and throughput were determined experimentally and found in good agreement with those predicted by the model of the Sauter drop diameter. Based on the experimental data, operating regimes are divided referring to existing models. In addition, the effects of internal wettability on the hydraulic characteristics are also discussed.     

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF FOAM STABILIZERS ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECONSTITUTION PROPERTIES OF FOAM-MAT DRIED SOYMILK

Soymilk, a colloidal dispersion obtained by wet milling of soya bean (Glycine max (L) Merill), was subjected to the foam-mat drying process at 65°C using two foam stabilizers namely, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and glyceryl distearate (GDS) at 5, 10 and 15% levels. While CMC did not produce a stable foam at any of the levels used, it was however, found that a minimum of 10% GDS was required to produce a stable foam. The physical characteristics and reconstitution properties of 10% GDS foamed soymilk powder and 15% GDS foamed soymilk powder were found to be similar but better than those of unfoamed soymilk powder and inferior to those of a spray dried powder sample.     

The influence of metallic surface wettability on bacterial adhesion

The wettability of AISI 304 stainless steel with 2B and 2RB surface finishes expressed in terms of the solid surface free energy was investigated with respect to the cleaning process. It was shown that cleaning affects the wettability of a solid surface. Depending on the cleaning method, ranged from 43.4 to 277.8 mJ m^-2 for the 2RB surface and from 34.4 to 122.8 mJ m ² for the 2B surface. There was no direct relationship between the number of adhering bacteria and or the wettability of solids. However, it was found that the adhesion of Streptococcus thermophilus was driven by a balance between and The experimental results are as expected based on thermodynamic predictions when the spreading pressure is accounted for in the surface free energy of bacteria, determination.     

Role of water wettability,water transport,and adhesion in vision

Water plays an important role in life processes, although the specifics are not always known. In the past 25 years, major progress has been made in vision science by applying the principles and techniques of interface science to tear film physiology and pathophysiology, to novel surgical techniques, and to contact lens wear. In this paper, the role and structure of the preocular tear film are discussed, as well as the factors affecting its stability. This double-layered fluid film plays an important role not only in vision and the health of the exposed ocular tissues, but also in deciding contact lens tolerance and functioning. The little-known, misunderstood, and often misdiagnosed dry eye syndrome that is effected by the compromised stability of the tear film is also discussed. A newly recognized role of water as a bioabhesive in ocular tissue adhesion and its failure in terms of disjoining pressure and weak boundary layer are examined in the vision-threatening and painful adhesion failure of corneal epithelium and epithelial trauma during routine ophthalmic procedures such as tonography. The modalities to prevent undesirable contact adhesion in intraocular surgery that could result in surgical complications arc explored. Retinal tears are thought to result from the adhesion failure of the retina to the underlying tissues. A concentric double membrane model of retinal adhesion is proposed that analyzes the role of certain biophysical factors such as elasticity and hydraulic conductivity in promoting or diminishing the adhesion of retina to the choroid.     

Ultrafiltration Behavior of Organic Mixtures Simulating Sweetwater Solutions

In the present study, attempts were made to examine the filtration behavior of organic mixtures (oleic acid-triglycerides) compared to single organic solute (triglycerides) contained in synthetic glycerol-water solutions (known as sweetwater). Furthermore, the rejections of individual solutes were studied. The TG-FA mixtures permeated preferentially when compared with single TG which is mainly due to the solubility as well as diffusivity of small fatty acid in the TG-FA mixtures. Furthermore, PVDF membrane provided higher fluxes and experienced less fouling than PES membrane for both cases. In case of the PVDF membrane the rejection of fatty acid was 6.20% while oil rejection in glycerol-water plus TG and TG-FA mixtures was 82.42% and 84.67%, respectively. However, the PES membrane underwent higher fatty acid rejection (20.93%) as well as oil rejection in single TG (94.70%) and TG-FA mixtures (91.08%). It is noteworthy that the nature of the membrane, membrane MWCO, and the feed characteristics had a significant effect on the fouling potential and filtration performance.     

掘进爆破水炮泥烟尘抑制剂的试验研究

为了最大限度地降低矿山掘进巷道爆破作业中产生的大量烟尘,结合水炮泥抑尘降毒机理,以试验为基础,对不同配方的溶液进行表面张力、润湿能力及降毒性能的测定,得出水炮泥烟尘抑制剂最优配方为表面活性剂A_2、表面活性剂A_5、吸湿剂B_1、凝胶剂C_1、降毒剂D_1、降毒剂_E1,对应的质量浓度分别为0.1%、0.04%、0.5%、1%、0.03%及0.1%,此配方具有较低的表面张力,能快速润湿粉尘以及加速CO和氮氧化物的转化,从而提高掘进巷道爆破降烟尘效率。     

铜酞菁磺酰胺衍生物对铜酞菁的表面处理

合成了一系列铜酞菁磺酰胺衍生物,并用它们对铜酞菁颜料进行表面处理以改进铜酞菁颜料的分散性、润湿性.通过研究初步认为:添加铜酞菁磺酰胺衍生物能提高铜酞菁颜料在水中的分散性,以添加5%具有短脂肪链的铜酞菁磺酰脂肪胺衍生物组份的分散率为最高.     

FDY油剂的润湿性及其对纺丝加工性能的影响

介绍了 FDY油剂润湿性的意义及其在纺丝加工过程中的作用。讨论了润湿性对加工纤维的摩擦系数、抗静电性、强伸度的均匀性及可纺性的影响程度