A review on ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys

As a solid state joining process, ultrasonic spot welding has been proven to be a promising technique for joining copper alloys. However, challenges still remain in employing ultrasonic spot welding to join copper alloys. This article comprehensively reviews the current state of ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys with a number of critical issues including materials flow, plastic deformation, temperature distribution, vibration, relative motion, vertical displacement, interface friction coefficient, online monitoring technique, coupled with the macrostructure and microstructure, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. In addition, the future trends in this field are provided.     

Fatigue performance of friction stir welded Al2024 alloy in a different corrosive environment

The study examines the corrosion fatigue behavior of friction stir welded Al2024 alloy in the corrosive medium. The fatigue tests are conducted at a stress ratio of -1 in the different corrosive medium. The decrease in the fatigue life of welded joints in the corrosive environment is attributed to an increase in the crack initiation susceptibility in the presence of corrosive media. The fractured surfaces are investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of the corrosive compounds was studied using x-ray diffractometry.     

Effect of multi pulse current treatment on microstructure and microhardness of resistance spot welded dual phase steel DP590

In this paper, microhardness and microstructural characteristics of dual phase DP590 steel resistance spot weld joint under two different welding conditions (i. e. single pulse and multi pulse) were studied. It was observed that applying multi pulse currents resulted in quasi-equiaxed grains of tempered martensite in fusion zone (FZ) of the weldment. The refinement of microstructure in fusion zone using multi pulse current treatment resulted in reduced hardness of the weld joint.     

2195铝锂合金电子束焊接头的焊后热处理

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪等微观分析手段,研究不同热处理工艺条件下2195铝锂合金电子束焊接头焊缝区的显微组织演变,探讨接头的焊后热处理强化机制。结果表明,焊后热处理可显著改善接头区域的显微组织,促进强化相的析出,有利于提高接头的力学性能。经过焊后固溶+双级时效热处理,焊态下接头熔合线附近存在的等轴细晶区消失,β′、θ′和T₁等强化相在接头焊缝区析出,与单级时效处理工艺相比,双级时效处理的析出强化效果更为显著。力学性能测试表明,经过双级时效热处理后,接头的抗拉强度达到492.5 MPa,为母材强度的90.4%。接头拉伸断口表面存在许多小韧窝,并伴随出现解理面,接头呈韧-脆混合型断裂特征。     

激光扫描焊接熔池及等离子体动态行为

以5A06铝合金为试验材料，采用高速摄影技术对激光扫描焊接过程中的熔池及等离子体羽辉动态行为进行拍摄，对比分析了常规单激光焊接与激光扫描焊接条件下的熔池表面流动特征和等离子体羽辉波动特征. 结果表明，一定条件下的摆动激光光束相比于单激光光束，能够极大地增强等离子体羽辉的稳定性，延长其存在周期，同时熔池流动的方向性增强，稳定性提高，整个焊接液态熔池表面不存在“回流”现象，熔池流动产生的流体动压力对匙孔的冲击力作用降低，匙孔的稳定性提高.     

Role of cube texture on toughness variation of electric resistance welded steel

Properties changes of an X52 microalloyed steel processed by a full-scale industrial electric resistant welding (ERW) equipment was studied. Lack of proper toughness level in the weld zone was investigated. Results show that the low toughness value could only be satisfactorily addressed after a two-stage annealing process. {100} pole figures for each processing step revealed a completely random texture for the initial plate. However, after the ERW process, a textured structure with the main components of brass, S and copper was obtained. Texture components were substantially weakened after the second stage of annealing and instead a cube texture was developed which could explain satisfactory level of toughness for the ERW pipe after conducting the two-step annealing process.     

海洋工程和船舶焊接变形预测方法研究

目前,影响海洋工程和船舶焊接结构质量的重要影响因素之一就是焊接变形,其产生的根本原因就是在焊接过程中因结构体受热不均、热梯度、残余应力等。基于此,本文对焊接变形预测的理论发展进程及其相关理论内涵进行详细阐述,并对基于神经网络的新型焊接变形预测理论的研究发展简单概述。     

NiTi形状记忆合金超声波焊接温度场数值计算与分析

NiTi形状记忆合金因具有优异的超弹性、形状记忆效应而被广泛应用。超声波焊接作为一种固相连接技术，在NiTi合金薄片材料的连接方面具有一定的优势，由于超声波焊接方法具有瞬时性且焊接过程十分复杂，所以难以通过试验观察的手段来研究其连接机理。针对NiTi形状记忆合金超声波焊接过程中温度难以监测的问题，采用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立NiTi合金的超声波焊接二维有限元分析模型，探究了超声波振幅对焊接温度场分布的影响规律，搭建热电偶测温平台采集焊接试验过程的温度数据对模型进行验证，结合数值模拟结果，分析了NiTi合金超声波焊接的连接机理。结果表明，焊接温度场与振幅呈正相关，在固定焊接条件下，振幅每增加5 μm，焊接最高温度约提高45℃。经试验测定，模拟结果与试验数据吻合较好，最高温度仅相差4℃，误差不超过最高温度的3%。将试验结果与模拟结果相结合，NiTi合金的超声波过程中铝没有熔化，接头为固相连接。     

Q690钢焊接接头微观组织对冷裂纹的影响研究

分析了Q690钢手工电弧焊与气体保护焊焊接冷裂纹产生与微观组织的联系。结果表明: 焊接冷裂纹起源于斜Y坡口根部, 沿熔合区、焊缝扩展至焊缝表面;2种工艺焊接的接头组织硬度均较母材高, 而塑性较差。热影响区为马氏体、贝氏体与铁素体混合组织, 焊缝组织由先共析铁素体、侧板条铁素体、贝氏体和针状铁素体等组成, 针状铁素体抗裂纹扩展能力较其他组织强。在2种焊接方法对应断口中观察到了冷裂纹起裂、扩展与断裂区的不同形貌, 起裂与扩展区存在塑性变形, 而断裂区为解理断裂。