红外光谱技术在鱼产品质量检测与安全评估中的应用

近年来消费者对鱼产品的掺假问题愈发关注,从而针对鱼产品的质量评估的相关研究也逐渐增加。传统的鱼类成分分析和质量检测技术方法繁琐、费力、昂贵、费时,而光谱技术因其具有速度快、使用方便、样品制备最少或不需要样品制备,及避免样品破坏等优点而受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了以红外光谱技术为主的光谱技术,包括近红外光谱(near infrared spectroscopy,NIR)、中红外光谱(mid-infrared spectroscopy,MIR)等的在鱼产品的成分和其他质量特性监测中的应用,并对光谱技术的应用前景和发展方向进行了展望,以期为红外光谱技术在鱼类及鱼产品质量监测体系中推广应用提供指导,为解决鱼产品及相关行业的质量问题提供了一种新的途径。     

Blockchain for trustworthy provenances: A case study in the Australian aquaculture industry

We explore the potential for a blockchain ledger to record supply chain provenances in an inherently trustworthy manner. The use of blockchain in this setting may allow for traceability of products through the supply chain without fear that an item’s provenance is fraudulent or has been tampered with. We compare the desirable properties of a blockchain ledger to those of a traditional database. We also consider challenges to the trustworthiness of a provenance idiosyncratic to the context of supply chains. We present a case study in which we conduct a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the prawn aquaculture industry in Australia. This industry was chosen as it stands to gain from robust provenances due to international competition. We find that blockchain based technology is unlikely to deliver substantial gains to the industry when compared to alternatives. Rather, most gains are likely to arise from the industry becoming digitalized, which would be a precondition for any blockchain technology to be operational.     

爆炸物品示踪剂抗侵蚀试验研究

爆炸物品示踪技术是由我国自主研发的新技术,该技术的研发成功攻克了一项国际难题,填补了爆炸物品安全管控领域的一项技术空白,实现了对爆炸物品的跟踪、溯源、安检、打非等目标(其中包括炸后溯源),为爆炸物品安全管理提供了一种综合治理手段。该技术的核心是示踪剂,示踪剂的价值在于化学编码。为确保化学编码持久不变,化学稳定性是先决条件。分别用去离子水、0.1mol/L盐酸、1mol/L盐酸和硝酸铵水溶液,分别在120℃、110℃、100℃、90℃等温度条件下,对示踪剂进行侵蚀试验,以样品的特征荧光和特征谱图两个指标在侵蚀前后的变化情况作为依据,研究示踪剂的稳定性。试验结果表明,经侵蚀之后,示踪剂的特征荧光和特征谱图均无明显变化,说明示踪剂的稳定性优良。优良的稳定性为示踪剂的研发成功奠定了基础。     

美国国家遗产廊道（区域）模式溯源及其启示

遗产廊道（区域）模式是美国立足自身文化资源特点,摸索出的一种针对大尺度文化景观的保护方法。经过30年的探索,其运作机制与保障体系已日臻成熟。该模式发展过程中,有很多经验和教训值得我国学习和借鉴。尽管近年来国内已有学者陆续对该模式进行了引介,然而由于这一模式出现的原因错综复杂,目前学界尚未做出全面、权威的论断。本文首先介绍了该模式的概况,然后详细梳理了该模式出现的时代背景、原因、重要相关事件与时间节点,接着提出该模式对我国遗产区域化保护模式的启示,最后强调我们在借鉴美国经验时,应立足现实国情,而不能盲目照搬。     

迈思肯条码扫描器QX-830帮助食品工厂提高生产自动化管理

条码技术的应用在食品饮料生产行业的应用,大大提高了工艺运行质量和产品管理效率。本文介绍了迈思肯条码扫描技术在某跨国食品制造公司的应用实例,通过阐述该其技术特点和所显示的优越性,展现了这项新技术在食品饮料生产行业的前景。     

Application of a multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation of traceability of extra virgin olive oil

In this work, a multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation of extra virgin olive oil traceability (geographical provenience and botanical differentiation) is presented. Conventional techniques such as major chemical component determination (triacylglycerols, TAG and fatty acids) and other novel approaches as stable isotopic ratio (¹³C/¹²C in combination with ¹⁸O/¹⁶O) and thermal properties obtained from cooling curves and their deconvoluted peaks by means of differential scanning calorimetry were compared. Fifty‐three samples from different Italian regions, diverse cultivars, and two Mediterranean areas (Italy and Croatia) were analyzed with all the three techniques. The oils exhibited different values especially for δ¹⁸O and thermal properties of the deconvoluted peaks of crystallization according to Italian regions and/or cultivars. Data were treated by means of linear discriminant analysis inserting all parameters as predictors in models where the potentiality to discriminate oils was tested. All models revealed a good resolution among categories with selected TAG, δ¹⁸O values, and thermal properties of the deconvoluted peak set at the highest temperature exhibiting the highest weight for the discriminant functions. These findings could give strength to the utilization of new analytical techniques supporting those traditionally employed, also sustained by proper chemometric procedures, as suitable for the resolution of extra virgin olive traceability. Practical applications: Consumers' awareness of extra virgin olive oil traceability has recently increased the interest for new methods that can assess its geographical and botanical origins and new findings in this sector represent a key factor affecting the purchases in non‐producer countries. Multidisciplinary approaches supported by chemometric procedures enable the building of large databases and classification models for the determination of the provenience of extra virgin olive oil.     

Advances in DNA typing in the agro-food supply chain

BackgroundDNA typing is increasingly being applied to assess the genetic origin and authenticity of products entering and exiting the food supply chain. The growing interest in DNA typing has arisen from an expanding array of contexts, such as the need to protect manufacturers, ensure compliance with food regulations, validate labels, fight misbranding, evaluate product ingredients and defend consumers' rights and freedom of choice.Scope and approachThis review presents current practices and emerging technologies about the genetic traceability in the agro-food chain, providing an overview of the specificity and challenges related to the analysis of commercial products of plant origin. We also discuss unsolved needs and specific features of DNA testing in the agro-food supply chain. These include the biochemical and physical variability of the samples under investigation, the possible DNA degradation, and the necessity to distinguish among plant varieties and not only different species.Key findings and conclusionsWe acknowledge that a number of DNA typing systems have been successfully used, and the vast majority are based on the PCR technique. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies are expected to greatly expand data range and the amount of information accessible to a DNA analysis. The evaluation and implementation of novel technologies and tools, along with concerted efforts to increase information sharing and to establish standard operating protocols, are main priorities of genetic typing in the agro-food chain.     

Quantifying impacts on the measurement uncertainty in flow calibration arising from dynamic flow effects

Traceability of the measurement units in fluid flow metering, as the state-of-the-art approach, is practiced as a so-called element-by-element method which relies upon the idealistic assumption that the measurement process in a flow calibration facility can be run under exact steady-state conditions, that is, absolutely no fluctuations of the flow quantities are assumed to occur during the flow measurement process. Practical experiences, combined with a model-based analytical view of the measurement process in a flow standard, have revealed that dynamic impacts on the measurement uncertainty due to flowrate fluctuations have to be taken into account, in addition to the steady-state traceability chain.     

DNA barcoding reveals commercial and health issues in ethnic seafood sold on the Italian market

The number of seafood species sold on Western markets is constantly growing and many unconventional species are sold in ethnic food outlets. In this work, 68 ethnic seafood products variously processed were collected from the Italian market and a molecular analysis was performed by sequencing a full cytochrome c oxidase (COI) DNA barcode (FDB, ∼655 bp) or a mini COI DNA barcode (MDB, ∼139 bp) using universal primers. Barcodes were then compared with sequences available in BOLD and GenBank. In addition, the label information was assessed according to the European legislation. By using the IDs analysis on BOLD a maximum species identity ≥98% was retrieved for 84% of the sequences. Of these, 67% were unambiguously identified at species level (51.3% of the FDB and 74% of the MDB). Using NCBI BLAST, 74% of the sequences scored a maximum species identity ≥98%, of which 73% were identified at species level (52% of the FDB and 61% of the MDB). Both databases performed better in mollusk identification. Overall, 45 products (66%) were not correctly labeled according to the European requirements. Finally, the comparison between the molecular and the label analysis highlighted that 48.5% of the products presented discrepancies between labeling and molecular identification. In particular, health implications were highlighted for 2 samples labeled as squid but identified as Lagocephalus spp., a poisonous puffer fish species banned from the EU market. The present results confirm DNA barcoding as a reliable tool for protecting consumers' health and economic interests.