Occurrence and traceability of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from sheep's milk cheese-making plants environment

The aim of the study was to conduct an extensive survey on Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. environmental contamination in 13 cheese-making plants. A total of 409 environmental and food samples were collected during years 2011–2013. Listeria spp. contamination was observed in all the facilities, while L. monocytogenes was recovered from 12 facilities with a prevalence ranging between 3.0% and 22.6%. Floor drains were the most contaminated sampling sites (48.8% of positive samples), serving as harbourage site for subsequent contamination. Out of 616 isolates, 277 (45.0%) were Listeria innocua, 274 (44.5%) L. monocytogenes, 41 (6.6%) Listeria ivanovii, 14 (2.3%) Listeria welshimeri and 10 (1.6%) Listeria gravyi. Serotyping carried out by PCR and agglutination method for L. monocytogenes revealed that 169 strains (61.7%) were serotype 1/2a, 65 (23.7%) 4b, 20 (7.3%) 1/2b, 10 (3.6%) 3a, 7 (2.5%) 1/2c and 3 (1.1%) 3b. PFGE conducted on L. monocytogenes isolates using AscI and ApaI restriction enzymes, yielded 6 clusters. Two predominant PFGE clusters were observed including respectively 36 and 32 strains. Within cheese-making plants, L. monocytogenes showed wide variability with strains distributed up to 4 different clusters. Pulsotypes isolated from raw milk filter were never detected in the processing environment, indicating that the contamination originated from sources other than raw milk. The isolation of strains with similar profile from different sampling sites, within and among cheese-making plants, indicated the possible transfer of L. monocytogenes contamination along production lines and from one facility to another. Strains recovered from food were confirmed as originating from the processing environment.     

Intra-muscular and inter-muscular variation in carbon turnover of ovine muscles as recorded by stable isotope ratios

In the case of muscle-based foods, the incorporation of dietary isotopic signals into muscle tissue is a dynamic process and it is not known whether all muscles, or locations within a muscle, have the same isotopic composition. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in which 28 lambs were switched from a control diet to an isotopically distinct experimental diet offered at two different energy allowances (EA). Small, albeit significant, differences were detected in tissue carbon (C) turnover within the muscle Longissimus dorsi. Inter-muscular comparison showed similar C half-lives for four of the five analysed muscles. The results also clearly demonstrated that the EA had a significant impact on intra- and inter-muscular C turnover. The findings of similar tissue C turnover of several muscles sold as meats and the comparable tissue-diet fractionation of the analysed muscles (both within the same EA) will enable scientists to analyse different meat samples according to availability without introducing large biases. However, EA must be considered a factor of uncertainty.     

Data and process requirements for product recall coordination

When an organisation becomes aware that one of its products may pose a safety risk to customers, it must take appropriate action as soon as possible or it can be held liable. The ability to automatically trace potentially dangerous goods through the supply chain would thus help organisations fulfil their legal obligations in a timely and effective manner. Furthermore, product recall legislation requires manufacturers to separately notify various government agencies, the health department and the public about recall incidents. This duplication of effort and paperwork can introduce errors and data inconsistencies. In this paper, we examine traceability and notification requirements in the product recall domain from two perspectives: the activities carried out during the manufacturing and recall processes and the data collected during the enactment of these processes. We then propose a workflow-based coordination framework to support these data and process requirements.     

激光跟踪仪现场评定装置

介绍了一种用于激光跟踪仪现场快速评定装置,采用激光干涉仪作为标准器,能够生成任意标准长度,符合美国ASME B89.4.19的评价方法,同时还具有动态参数校准和角度标定功能,实现了激光跟踪仪在工业现场的快速评定.     

微米、纳米颗粒国家标准测量装置的研究

研究的目标是建立一套可溯源至激光波长的微米、纳米颗粒国家标准测餐装置,它用扫描电子显微镜高倍数放大、对准和定位颗粒影像,采用纳米位移扫描工作台和激光干涉仪测量微米、纳米量级的标准颗粒直径,其测量标准不确定度可优于5 nm+5×10~(-3).通过文中测量认证的标准颗粒校准各类不同原理和测量范围的颗粒测量仪器,达到各型颗粒测量仪器的量值准确和统一,并溯源至激光光波波长.     

基于RFID的机车检修配件质量追溯管理系统的研究

本文通过对铁路局现有机车检修配件的管理方式进行研究和分析,将信息化融合到铁路机车检修配件管理过程中。设计了基于RFID的机车检修配件质量追溯管理系统的四层架构体系模型,并对机车检修配件使用的全生命周期过程的业务流程进行了分析,详细阐述了RFID在机车检修配件各个环节的应用。该系统由于采用了RFID射频识别技术,具有较强的实时性,可以实现对机车检修配件的全生命周期追溯管理。     

基于条码技术的叶片制造过程质量追溯系统研究

针对企业对产品制造过程质量追溯性的迫切需求,提出了一种基于条码技术的制造过程质量可追溯模式。通过分析叶片制造过程的质量信息和质量追溯数据流程,确定基于条码的质量数据自动采集方案,建立了质量追溯系统的运行模式和体系结构。开发了叶片制造过程质量可追溯系统原型,实现了快速查找质量问题产生的原因,及时发现工艺系统缺陷,采取纠正及预防措施,有效控制产品质量,降低制造成本。     

基于物联网的猪肉产品质量安全监管与溯源系统

我国是猪肉产品生产与消费大国。在分析了影响我国猪肉产品质量安全的主要因素之后,针对猪肉产品质量安全监管技术落后、方法单一、信息化水平低、效果差等问题,设计并实现了基于物联网技术和RFID技术的猪肉产品质量安全监管与溯源系统。首先阐述了系统的功能设计,接着介绍了系统网络架构设计与软件架构设计,然后讨论了猪肉产品追溯编码体系设计。在佛山中南农产品交易中心的应用结果表明,该系统能有效提高猪肉产品质量安全监管的成效。     

Design-code traceability recovery: selecting the basic linkage properties

Traceability ensures that software artifacts of subsequent phases of the development cycle are consistent. Few works have so far addressed the problem of automatically recovering traceability links between object-oriented (OO) design and code entities. Such a recovery process is required whenever there is no explicit support of traceability from the development process. The recovered information can drive the evolution of the available design so that it corresponds to the code, thus providing a still useful and updated high-level view of the system.

Automatic recovery of traceability links can be achieved by determining the similarity of paired elements from design and code. The choice of the properties involved in the similarity computation is crucial for the success of the recovery process. In fact, design and code objects are complex artifacts with several properties attached. The basic anchors of the recovered traceability links should be chosen as those properties (or property combinations) which are expected to be maintained during the transformation of design into code. This may depend on specific practices and/or the development environment, which should therefore be properly accounted for.

In this paper different categories of basic properties of design and code entities will be analyzed with respect to the contribution they give to traceability recovery. Several industrial software components will be employed as a benchmark on which the performances of the alternatives are measured.