Nutritional quality and safety of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from three lakes of Central Italy

European perch (Perca fluviatilis) harvested from three lakes of Central Italy were studied in different seasonal periods of a year to evaluate their nutritional quality and some safety aspects related to the pollution of the aquatic environment. The lakes considered, located in the Latium region, differed with respect to their volcanic (Bolsena and Bracciano Lakes) or artificial (Salto Lake) origin. Fillets of fish caught in the three lakes were characterised by good protein (17–19%) and mineral contents and low lipid levels (0.6–1.2%) throughout the year. Total lipids were characterised by low cholesterol levels (41.9–74.7 mg/100 g) and high percentages of total n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (27.7–33.8% of total fatty acids), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (14.2–25.3% of total fatty acids). The qualitative analysis of the stomach content of perch confirmed their predatory feeding behaviour. The chemical and nutritional profiles of perch from the three lakes were comparable except for rubidium and cesium levels, which were higher in the muscle tissues of perch from the volcanic lakes. These minerals may represent elements of traceability of the origin of fish. Low levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, well below the Italian and European action limits, were detected in the muscle tissue of perch from all three lakes.     

美国国家遗产廊道（区域）模式溯源及其启示

遗产廊道（区域）模式是美国立足自身文化资源特点,摸索出的一种针对大尺度文化景观的保护方法。经过30年的探索,其运作机制与保障体系已日臻成熟。该模式发展过程中,有很多经验和教训值得我国学习和借鉴。尽管近年来国内已有学者陆续对该模式进行了引介,然而由于这一模式出现的原因错综复杂,目前学界尚未做出全面、权威的论断。本文首先介绍了该模式的概况,然后详细梳理了该模式出现的时代背景、原因、重要相关事件与时间节点,接着提出该模式对我国遗产区域化保护模式的启示,最后强调我们在借鉴美国经验时,应立足现实国情,而不能盲目照搬。     

Indian perspective in food traceability: A review

India is the second largest producer of fruit and vegetables in the world. Fruit production in India has increased 89% in the last decade. In the present paper It is exposed the necessity for a proper traceability in the Indian food industry, because the sector is demanding an adequate system due to the precarious nature of existing supply chain, and to reduce the numerous cases of food safety incidents and fraudulence. This work also presents the existing traceability techniques in India which include RFID, Holograms, Barcode, Nuclear techniques and other tracking media to monitor production process. Furthermore it is revealed the initiatives implementation from APEDA and its association with GS1 India in the form of Anarnet, Peanut.net, Meat.net, and Grapenet for the Indian farming products, as well as several ICTs initiatives that are actively working in many states of India.However the development of an effective food traceability system is affected by a numbers of factors like restrictive government marketing standardization, insecure policies and unstable actions for food safety, underdeveloped and unorganized infrastructure in market area and the supply chains, from the farmers to non-existent cold chain facilities and small local stores, and inadequate agricultural practices with large number of small and medium industries and famers. Therefore an effective food traceability system is not only an important tool to manage food quality and safety risks, but also to promote the development of effective supply chain management in India.     

Some issues of traceability in the field of surface topography measurement

This paper highlights some of the reasons that surface topography measurements can have an ill-defined traceability route. Whereas the most common instruments on the shop floor are two-dimensional (2D) or profiling systems, there is a clear industrial trend towards three-dimensional (3D) surface topography instruments. Currently, there is no clear traceability route for three-dimensional measurements, and recent comparisons show alarming discrepancies between the various commercial instruments. This paper reviews these instrumental problems and highlights the need for unambiguous mathematical definitions for surface texture parameters and rigorous uncertainty evaluations. This paper also reviews some of the metrology issues that will be encountered when using three-dimensional surface texture measuring instruments to measure complex features on microsystems.     

Food safety and assurance: the role of information technology

The dairy industry is under pressure to improve product security, implement efficient risk management and rapid response capabilities, and manage quality 'from trough to table' to achieve full, verifiable traceability. In order to invest proactively in the future of the industry, individual processors must reassess their handling of quality and traceability data for strategic and competitive success, make appropriate physical configuration and operational adjustments, and deploy readily available technological tools to meet legislative and consumer demands, enhance product quality and increase operational efficiency and profits.     

环境样品放射性测量的溯源性实践和经验

环境样品放射性测量的溯源性是测量质量保证的核心。本文叙述了与环境样品放射性测量溯源性有关的一些问题:简要介绍了溯源性的概念及其演变;总结了本实验室近几年来在环境样品放射性测量中的质量保证工作,涉及标准的传递、参考物质的制备、Ge(Li)谱仪对体源的效率的刻度、以及比对测量等溯源性实践活动。本文还讨论了溯源性的保持,并对今后工作提出了一些建议。     

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)荧光检测研究

本研究了荧光能量传递技术（fluorescence ersonance energy transfer,FRET)，建立了一套基于该理论在聚合酶链式反应（PCR）中用于荧光检测和溯源性研究的实验装置，并进行了检验。     

Carotenoid, colour and reflectance measurements in bovine adipose tissue to discriminate between beef from different feeding systems

Our hypothesis was that carotenoids in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) together with colour and reflectance spectra could be used to differentiate between beef production systems based on grass, concentrates or combinations thereof. SAT was sampled from the carcasses of heifers fed pasture (P), a barley-based concentrate (C), silage followed by pasture (SiP) or silage followed by pasture with concentrate (SiPC). β-carotene in the SAT from the C group (0.09 μg g(-1)) was lower (P<0.05) than that from the P (0.54 μg g(-1)), SiP (0.49 μg g(-1)) and SiPC (0.49 μg g(-1)) groups. Lutein in the SAT differed (P<0.05) between all groups with 0.13, 0.10, 0.08 and 0.04 μg g(-1) for the P, SiP, SiPC and C groups, respectively. Principal component analysis of the carotenoid data, SAT colour variables ['L', 'a', 'b', 'C', 'H'] and the reflectance data made it possible to distinguish between the animals fed a barley-based concentrate diet and the animals fed pasture-based diets, but not between different pasture-based groups.     

Assessing IR-based traceability recovery tools through controlled experiments

We report the results of a controlled experiment and a replication performed with different subjects, in which we assessed the usefulness of an Information Retrieval-based traceability recovery tool during the traceability link identification process. The main result achieved in the two experiments is that the use of a traceability recovery tool significantly reduces the time spent by the software engineer with respect to manual tracing. Replication with different subjects allowed us to investigate if subjects’ experience and ability play any role in the traceability link identification process. In particular, we made some observations concerning the retrieval accuracy achieved by the software engineers with and without the tool support and with different levels of experience and ability.