确炎舒松A瘢痕内注射联合扩张治疗儿童食管瘢痕狭窄46例

目的探讨儿童食管瘢痕狭窄的治疗方法与疗效。方法我们于近期采用确炎舒松A食管瘢痕内注射联合扩张治疗儿童食管瘢痕狭窄46例,观察其症状变化、狭窄直径、吞咽困难分级及并发症情况。结果 46例中,获及时扩张成功32例,于注射治疗后2~3周再行食管扩张14例。显效24例(占52.2%),有效19例(占41.3%),无效3例(占6.52%),总有效率93.5%。狭窄部位直径由(0.28±0.11)cm增至(0.95±0.34)cm,t=13.81,P0.01,差异有统计学意义。吞咽困难分级由(2.17±0.79)级降至(0.40±0.93)级,P0.01,差异有统计学意义。结论确炎舒松A食管瘢痕内注射联合扩张治疗儿童食管瘢痕狭窄是一种安全可靠的方法。     

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Treatment Is Inversely Associated With the Risk of Developing Alzheimer Disease or Other Dementia Among Patients With Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

BackgroundThe immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), but it remains unclear whether bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) may affect the risk of AD or not.MethodsUsing retrospective chart review, we collected data regarding demographics, comorbidities, cancer diagnosis, BCG treatment, and subsequent diagnosis of AD or other dementia in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NIMBC) receiving treatment between 1984 and 2020 in the Bronx, New York. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine association between BCG treatment and risk of incident AD or other dementia, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and major comorbidities.ResultsIn our cohort of 1290 patients with NMIBC, a total of 99 (7.7%) patients developed AD or other dementia during follow-up. Patients who received BCG treatment (25%) had a 60% lowered incidence of AD or other dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.80) in comparison to those who did not receive BCG. There was also suggestive evidence that the reduction in risk of AD or other dementia associated with BCG treatment was stronger in men (adjusted HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.81) but not in women (adjusted HR, 0.75; 95% CI 0.25-2.24). When we stratified the patients who received BCG by type of treatments, patients who received both induction and maintenance rounds of BCG had a further lowered incidence of AD or other dementia (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.96) than patients who did not receive BCG.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, our study is one of the first to suggest that BCG treatment is associated with a reduced risk of developing AD or other dementia in a multiethnic population, independent of significant comorbidities. Larger cohort studies are needed to corroborate our findings.     

中西医结合治疗慢性盆腔炎的临床效果

〔摘 要〕 目的：探究中西医结合治疗慢性盆腔炎的临床效果。方法：选取 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 11 月佛冈县人民医 院收治的慢性盆腔炎患者 120 例为研究对象，基于随机数字表法分为对照与观察组，各 60 例。对照组给予常规西医治疗， 观察组则实施中西医结合治疗。比较两组患者临床有效率、各项症状消失时间及复发率情况。结果：观察组患者临床治疗 总有效率为 90.00 %，高于对照组的 78.33 %，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组患者白带异常增多、呕吐恶心、 腰部疼痛症状消失时间均短于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组患者的复发率为 3.33 %，明显低于对照 组的 15.00 %，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：采用中西医结合治疗慢性盆腔炎效果显著，能有效提高治疗有效率， 改善患者症状，降低复发率。     

Current Options for Third-line and Beyond Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Spanish TTD Group Expert Opinion

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem: it is the third most common cancer in men (746,000 new cases/year) and the second in women (614,000 new cases/year), representing the second leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. The survival of patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) has increased prominently in recent years, reaching a median of 25 to 30 months. A growing number of patients with mCRC are candidates to receive a treatment in third line or beyond, although the optimal drug regimen and sequence are still unknown. In this situation of refractoriness, there are several alternatives: (1) To administer sequentially the 2 oral drugs approved in this indication: trifluridine/tipiracil and regorafenib, which have shown a statistically significant benefit in progression-free survival and overall survival with a different toxicity profile. (2) To administer cetuximab or panitumumab in treatment-naive patients with RAS wild type, which is increasingly rare because these drugs are usually indicated in first- or second-line. (3) To reuse drugs already administered that were discontinued owing to toxicity or progression (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluoropyrimidine, antiangiogenics, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor [if RAS wild-type]). High-quality evidence is limited, but this strategy is often used in routine clinical practice in the absence of alternative therapies especially in patients with good performance status. (4) To use specific treatments for very selected populations, such as trastuzumab/lapatinib in mCRC human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, immunotherapy in microsatellite instability, intrahepatic therapies in limited disease or primarily located in the liver, although the main recommendation is to include patients in clinical trials.     

老年特应性皮炎：一个新的临床亚型

【摘要】 特应性皮炎是一种高度异质性的皮肤病，近年来疾病精准分型的研究揭示了特应性皮炎的一个新亚型——老年特应性皮炎。以往认为特应性皮炎多发生于儿童，近年发现老年人也是AD的高发人群。老年特应性皮炎在流行病学、临床表现、发病机制和治疗等方面与儿童和成人特应性皮炎具有显著不同的特点。应高度重视老年特应性皮炎的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。     

热疗联合放化疗治疗局部晚期直肠癌疗效观察

目的 观察局部晚期直肠癌患者采用卡培他滨、放疗、热疗联合治疗的临床应用效果。方法 选取2015年2月—2019年2月本院收治的48例局部晚期直肠癌患者作为观察对象，根据不同治疗方案将患者分为联合组、对照组各24例。对照组采用卡培他滨、放疗治疗，联合组在对照组基础上联合热疗治疗。比较两组总有效率、T淋巴细胞亚群、不良反应发生率、复发率、转移率。病情达到完全缓解、部分缓解患者行手术治疗，记录两组手术率、无进展生存时间（PFS）。结果 联合组总有效率（87.50%）明显优于对照组（58.33%），有统计学意义（χ² = 5.1692，P < 0.05）；联合组不良反应发生率（12.50%）、复发率（4.17%）、转移率（8.33%）均低于对照组（45.83%）、（25.00%）、（33.33%），有统计学意义（χ² = 6.4538，4.1812，4.5474，P < 0.05）；联合组T淋巴细胞亚群各项指标水平均比对照组高（P < 0.05）；研究组手术率（83.33%）明显高于对照组（50.00%），有统计学意义（χ² = 6.0000，P < 0.05）；联合组PFS时间（56.2 ±5.2）月明显长于对照组（42.6 ±5.8）月，有统计学意义（t = 8.5531，P < 0.05）。结论 对局部晚期直肠癌患者采用卡培他滨、放疗、热疗联合治疗可优化整体治疗效果，增强机体免疫力，减少不良反应，防止肿瘤转移，近期疗效突出，手术率提高，PFS明显延长。     

肠道子宫内膜异位症的临床特点及腹腔镜治疗21例分析

目的：探讨肠道子宫内膜异位症（bowel endometriosis，BE）的临床特点、诊断方法及腹腔镜手术治疗优势。方法：回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院妇科肿瘤科自2014年2月—2018年1月收治的21例BE患者的临床表现、诊断方法及腹腔镜手术治疗优势及要点。结果：21例BE患者均有不同程度的肠道症状，如腹泻、便秘、排便痛等不适主诉。所有患者均接受腹腔镜手术治疗，其中7例（33.33%）行肠壁浆肌层病灶切除，14例（66.67%）行节段性肠切除吻合术。21例患者术后均无肠瘘、吻合口出血、吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄等并发症。术后发生小肠梗阻1例（4.76%），尿潴留2例（9.52%），术后盆腔感染1例（4.76%）。术后患者痛经、性交痛、排便痛、下腹痛视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analogue Score，VAS）评分较术前均显著降低（P＜0.05），腹泻、便秘等不适主诉均较术前有所缓解。结论：BE的临床表现不典型，诊断困难。腹腔镜手术能有效缓解相关疼痛症状，是首选的手术方式。     

盐酸多西环素治疗游泳池肉芽肿9例临床分析

目的分析游泳池肉芽肿的临床特点及应用盐酸多西环素治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2017年12月期间本院皮肤科门诊游泳池肉芽肿患者的临床资料,总结单独口服盐酸多西环素治疗效果。结果共收集9例患者,男4例,女5例,平均年龄(47.89±5.99)岁,平均病程(10.33±6.60)个月。所有皮损均累及上肢,5例皮损为局限性肉芽肿样斑块(Ⅰ型),4例皮损呈孢子丝菌病样沿淋巴管播散(Ⅱ型)。8例全程单一服用多西环素治疗,1例因胃肠道不适换用左氧氟沙星治疗。所有患者全部治愈,治愈平均时间是(2.28±0.67)个月。结论Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型游泳池肉芽肿可以单独使用盐酸多西环素治愈。