The effect of allopurinol on the degree of early myocardial ischemia

The effect of allopurinol on the size of ischemic injury was evaluated following ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 37 open-chest dogs. Heart rate, aortic blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, cardiac ouptut, and total peripheral resistance were continuously monitored. Arterial blood was obtained and analyzed for electrolytes, enzymes, uric acid, total inorganic phosphates, lactate, and pyruvate before and after two hours of LAD ligation. At two hours, the hearts were perfused with fluorescein dye to delineate the flow/no flow areas of the excised cross-section myocardium. Planimetry and section thickness were used to calculate the volume of ischemic myocardium.Heart rate and cardiac output were higher and peripheral resistance was lower at baseline and two hours after ligation in the allopurinol intravenously pretreated dogs than in controls. Uric acid was significantly lower at baseline and two hours after LAD ligation and lower levels of total inorganic phosphate, calcium, and magnesium were present at two hours after ligation. The stained cross-sectioned hearts showed that the control and postligation allopurinol treated animals had respective ischemic areas of 19.42% and 21.56% of the total myocardium below the section of the LAD ligation obtained perpendicular to the long axis of the heart. In contrast, animals pretreated with allopurinol, whether orally or intravenously, showed 14.19% and 12.28% ischemic areas, respectively. The latter represented 36.74% less (p < .005) than in the control group. Postmortem angiographic studies performed on hearts from each group demonstrated collateral connections to the distal LAD in the allopurinol intravenously pretreated group and an absence of open collaterals in the control group.The study suggests that allopurinol pretreatment has a protective effect on the ischemic myocardium. This is probably due to opening of coronary collaterals either by direct vasodilatory action or by maintaining locally high levels of adenosine by enzyme inhibition which in turn acts as a vasodilator.     

Parental intervention in the treatment of chronic constipation

Chronic constipation was successfully eliminated in a 3-yr-old girl through a regimen combining behavioral and medical treatments. The onset of constipation was at birth. The procedures entailed use of mineral oil to produce reflex defecation concurrent with a token economy established by the parents in the home. After symptom remission, the behavioral- medical interventions were systematically faded. At 39-, 67-, and 93-week follow ups there was no recurrence of constipation and no symptom substitution.     

Specific but limited role of new imaging techniques in decision-making about intraabdominal abscesses

Despite the very high accuracy rate of imaging studies (ultrasound, computed tomography, liver-lung-spleen scans and gallium-67 scans) in detecting intraabdominal abscesses, our experience with 80 recent cases indicate that these techniques have not significantly altered traditional methods of decision-making about when and where to drain such abscesses. In only 12.5 percent of cases were such decisions based on special imaging techniques alone, and most of these cases subphrenic abscesses were diagnosed late after surgery. In the remainder, physical examination and routine radiologic studies sufficed, with special imaging techniques primarily corroborating clinical evidence based on these methods. We conclude that the use of special imaging techniques alone in a search for the cause of fever early after abdominal surgery does not provide evidence upon which clinical decisions can be based unless there are already physical signs of an abscess.     

The relative efficacy of covert modeling procedures and guided participant modeling on the reduction of avoidance behavior

The present study compared the effectiveness of two covert modeling procedures with guided participant modeling (GPM) and a delayed treatment control. Avoidance behavior was assessed using a behavior test, fear reports, and Fear Survey Schedule ratings. Results indicated greater improvements for the GPM condition than for all other conditions. The difference in approach behavior between covert modeling groups and the control group was of borderline significance. Subsequent reassignment of unsuccessful subjects to GPM treatment produced gains comparable to the original GPM group. The theoretical significance and clinical application of these findings are discussed.     

盾叶薯蓣中甾体皂苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的 对盾叶薯蓣进行化学成分研究.方法 利用反相色谱技术分离盾叶薯蓣水相部分中的化学成分,用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、135DEPT、HMQC和HMBC等方法鉴定其结构.结果 从新鲜的盾叶薯蓣根茎分得3个甾体皂苷,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ二醇-7-羰基3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]0β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ).结论 化合物Ⅱ为一新甾体皂苷,命名为盾叶薯蓣皂苷H(zingiberenin H).     

滇黄芩化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究滇黄芩 (ScutellariaamoenaC .H .Wright)化学成分。 方法利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化 ,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到 8个化合物 ,分别鉴定为 :5 ,7 二羟基 6 甲氧基二氢黄酮 (dihydrooroxylinA ,Ⅰ )、5 ,7,4′ 三羟基 8 甲氧基黄酮 ( 5 ,7,4′ trihydroxy 8 methoxyflavone ,Ⅱ )、千层纸素A(oroxylinA ,Ⅲ )、汉黄芩素 (wogonin ,Ⅳ )、白杨素 (chrysin ,Ⅴ )、黄芩素 (baicalein ,Ⅵ )、去甲汉黄芩素 (norwogonine ,Ⅶ )、( 2S) 5 ,7,2′ ,6′ 四羟基二氢黄酮 [( 2S) 5 ,7,2′ ,6′ tetrahydroxyflavanone ,Ⅷ ]。 结论化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ为该植物中首次分得     

Inner ear anomalies in two cases of trisomy 18

Two cases of trisomy 18 in which temporal bone defects were limited to the inner ears are described. Several abnormalities were present that have not been described previously in this syndrome. The first case involved a 1-month-old female infant who died of congenital heart defects. Cochlear nerve fibers were absent on the left side, with near-normal innervation on the right. Although the organ of Corti was present bilaterally, some of the outer hair cells were deformed, having small rounded cell bodies unsupported by Deiters' cells. On the right, similar abnormal cells were found in the tunnel of Corti. Vestibular defects in this case included reduced nerve supply of the left saccular macula, cysts in the superior and posterior cristae, and absence of the utriculoendolymphatic valve. The second case involved a newborn male infant with multiple congenital anomalies. The major cochlear defect was a deformity of the stria vascularis. In the lower apical turn, the stria was adherent to Reissner's membrane and extended beneath it into scala media. Large capillaries, which ran freely suspended in scala vestibuli, entered the upper portion of the stria. Severe atresia of the lateral and posterior semicircular ducts was found in the vestibular apparatus.     

Residual carcinoma in the surgical specimen of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma undergoing preoperative radiation therapy. A study of 80 patients and a literature review

Controversy continues to surround the significance of residual endometrial adenocarcinoma in the uterus following radiation therapy. Eighty patients with FIGO stage IA, IB, and II endometrial adenocarcinoma treated by preoperative radiotherapy were studied. No correlation was noted between the histologic grade of the lesion and the stage of disease. The frequency and the site of residual carcinoma were not related to the stage of disease but less-differentiated tumors persisted more frequently than grade I lesions. The modality of preoperative radiotherapy did not affect the frequency of residual tumor. Residual carcinoma within the uterus had no effect on the site or frequency of recurrence nor on patient survival.     

Ototoxicity of otic drops applied to the middle ear in the chinchilla

Previous studies have shown that the application of topical otic drops to the external ear canals of animals with patent tympanostomy tubes may result in hearing impairment and cochlear hair cell loss. Otic drops are used in patients with tympanostomy tubes or tympanic membrane perforations and could have deleterious effects on the human membranous labyrinth. This report describes the inner ear damage that occurred after direct application of aminoglycoside-containing otic drops to the middle ears of experimental animals. The membranous labyrinths of 25 chinchillas were studied two days to five months after application of Cortisporin otic suspension (which contains neomycin, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone, and propylene glycol) to the middle ear cavity. Application of 0.5 ml of Cortisporin resulted in degeneration of all inner and outer hair cells throughout the cochlea, as well as severe damage to the stria vascularis. Moderate to severe degeneration of the vestibular receptor organs was also observed. The endolymphatic sacs showed dark-staining endolymph, cellular debris, and macrophages in the sac lumina, as well as increased activity of the epithelial lining.     

盾叶薯蓣中甾体皂苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的 对盾叶薯蓣进行化学成分研究.方法 利用反相色谱技术分离盾叶薯蓣水相部分中的化学成分,用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、135DEPT、HMQC和HMBC等方法鉴定其结构.结果 从新鲜的盾叶薯蓣根茎分得3个甾体皂苷,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ二醇-7-羰基3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]0β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ).结论 化合物Ⅱ为一新甾体皂苷,命名为盾叶薯蓣皂苷H(zingiberenin H).