HPLC测定滇黄芩中黄芩苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定滇黄芩药材中黄芩苷的含量。方法色谱柱为AgilentZorbaxSB-C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),甲醇-0.2%磷酸(45∶55)为流动相,柱温25℃,流速1ml.min-1,紫外检测波长280nm。结果线性范围0.2336~1.1680μg(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.13%,RSD=1.13%(n=9)。结论所用方法简便、准确、重复性好,可作为滇黄芩药材质量控制的有效方法。     

Emergency medicine practice environment and impact on concert examination performance

Objective

The ABEM ConCert Examination is a summative examination that ABEM-certified physicians are required to pass once in every 10-year cycle to maintain certification. This study was undertaken to identify practice settings of emergency physicians, and to determine if there was a difference in performance on the 2017 ConCert between physicians of differing practice types and settings.

近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定盾叶薯蓣药材醇浸出物的含量

目的应用近红外光谱(NIR)技术和化学计量学分析软件,对盾叶薯蓣药材中醇浸出物的含量进行快速测定。方法应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对盾叶薯蓣醇浸出物的结果与NIR建立定量校正模型。结果建立的模型内部交叉验证决定系数(R2)为0.991 09,内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)为0.010 13,预测均方差(RMSEP)为0.004 59。结论近红外漫反射光谱技术的运用具有快速方便、结果准确的特点,该方法可应用于盾叶薯蓣药材醇浸物的快速检测,对于其他的中药材指标成分测定也有一定的参考价值。     

Comparison of the ATS Versus EU Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter in Normal Volunteers

Objectives. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Union (EU) have precise and accurate Mini Wright peak flow meters. The purpose of this investigation was to compare both 1) for accuracy using a pneumotachometer, 2) in volunteers to determine whether they are interchangeable, and 3) to spirometrically predicted peak flows. Methods. Lab testing: A pneumotachometer was connected in series with each peak flow meter and varying flows pushed through both meters for comparison. Human subjects: Nonsmoking adult volunteers did three standing peak flows. The order of peak flow meter used was random. The best of three efforts was used for analysis. The t-test, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Deming regression, and Bland–Altman plot were the analytic strategies used to determine agreement. Peak flow results were compared to spirometrically predicted values. Results. Fifty-seven volunteers, average age 37 ± 12 years and mean BMI 24.9 ± 2.5 years, were included. The average peak flows were different at 541 ± 114 and 526 ± 112 L/min for the ATS and EU meters, respectively (p < .01). Both peak flow meter values were significantly different than spirometrically predicted values of 483 ± 86 L/min (p < .01). The CCC was 0.98 (0.97–0.99) and regression revealed a slope and y-intercept consistent with 1 and 0, respectively. The Bland–Altman plot revealed no increase in scatter of values over the range of peak flows versus the difference with a mean bias of 15 ± 15 L/min. Laboratory testing revealed that the ATS and EU peak flow meters read 3.0 ± 2.1% above and ?2.0 ± 1.5% below the comparison pneumotachometer, respectively. The pneumotachometer comparison was significantly different for both meters at p < .01, paired t-test. Conclusions. The ATS peak flow meter reads 2.8% higher than the EU peak flow meter across a range of flows. Both meters have similar accuracy with a different bias compared with a pneumotachometer. Finally, both peak flow meters read slightly and significantly higher than spirometrically derived peak flows. Therefore, the peak flow meters are not interchangeable and both may obtain slightly higher values than those determined using current spirometrically derived prediction equations.     

Peak Expiratory Flow in Normals: Comparison of the Mini Wright versus Spirometric Predicted Peak Flows

Objectives. U.S. prediction equation estimated peak flows were obtained spirometrically and may not correctly predict actual peak flows that are obtained using a peak flow meter. The purpose of this investigation was to compare actual Mini Wright peak flows in normal volunteers as compared with spirometric predicted values to determine whether they are similar. Methods. Nonsmoking, nonobese adult volunteers with no history of lung disease underwent peak flow testing with an American Thoracic Society (ATS) Mini Wright peak flow meter. All subjects did three peak flows by taking a maximal deep breath and expiring as hard and fast as possible while in the standing position. The best of three efforts was taken as the peak flow value for analysis and compared with prediction equation estimates. The paired t test compared differences between actual and predicted values. The concordance correlation coefficient evaluated whether the actual peak flows were interchangeable with predicted. Results. Seventy-two volunteers, average age 44 ± 10 years and mean BMI 25.2 ± 2.9, were included. The Mini Wright peak flow values of 508 ± 113 L/min were significantly different than the predicted values of 471 ± 84 (p < 0.01). The predicted values were reduced on average by 7.3 percent compared to actual values. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.72 (95% C.I.; 0.60 – 0.80) suggesting the actual and predicted values are not interchangeable. Conclusions. The ATS Mini Wright peak flow values are slightly higher than spirometrically derived predicted peak flow values in subjects without lung disease. This suggests that predicted peak flow values should be generated by a peak flow meter and would be higher than current spirometrically predicted values.     

不同光强对弱光型盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元和生物量的影响

目的在生长光强为1.5、10、30、55、100、270μmol/(m2.s)下对弱光生态型盾叶薯蓣的薯蓣皂苷元和生物量分别进行测定,以探讨不同光强与盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元和生物量的关系,并找出弱光生态型盾叶薯蓣的最适生长光强。方法采用TLC法和RP-HPLC法测定其根状茎中薯蓣皂苷元的量。结果不同光强对盾叶薯蓣的薯蓣皂苷元的量有显著影响。在100、55μmol/(m2.s)的光强下,根状茎中薯蓣皂苷元的量最高,分别占其干质量的0.45%和0.55%。光照强度对盾叶薯蓣的生长有显著的影响,在30、55、100μmol/(m2.s)下长势良好,其中在100μmol/(m2.s)下生长最好。光照强度影响叶片的形状,随着光照强度的增加,叶片长与宽的比率也随之增加。在270μmol/(m2.s)的强光照射下,叶片长与宽的比率最大。光照强度能显著地影响植株的总叶面积,在100μmol/(m2.s)光强下植株总的叶面积最大,总的生物量最高,根状茎的生物量与整个植株生物量的比值最大。结论弱光型盾叶薯蓣是一种薯蓣皂苷元量较高的薯蓣变种,这将为该药源植物的选择育种以及栽培提供理论指导。     

血液分析仪白细胞分类不准确的因素

目的探讨迈瑞血液五分类分析仪检测外周血细胞白细胞分类不准确的影响因素。方法运用迈瑞公司生产的BC-5800全自动五分类血液分析仪对外周血细胞进行自动分析,然后用手工涂片端氏染色进行显微镜手工分类。对两种方法的白细胞分类结果进行比对。结果全自动血液分析仪白细胞不准确包括两种情况：白细胞完全不分类;白细胞分类比例不正确。发现标本离体后立即上机进行检测,单核细胞的比例将会明显增高,有严重肝病、肾病、脂质代谢严重紊乱、新生儿等患者白细胞不分类的比例明显增高,经稀释后再上机,该白细胞分类与手工分类结果基本一致。重度病毒感染、核左移、血液病时所谓的单核细胞比例增高。经手工涂片染色分析,标本中的异淋、幼稚细胞、杆状核细胞都基本已被血液分析仪误认为单核细胞。放疗、化疗患者出于受射线、药物的影响,细胞的形态、结构也有所改变,血液分析仪白细胞分类也有较大误差。     

慢性病贫血骨髓细胞学及病理学改变的观察研究

目的研究慢性病贫血（ACD）和缺铁性贫血（IDA）骨髓涂片及骨髓活检的特点及临床意义。方法患者行两步法骨髓穿刺术,获取骨髓涂片和骨髓活组织标本。骨髓涂片常规做瑞氏染色和铁染色,骨髓活检切片做苏木精-姬姆萨-酸性品红（HGF）染色和Gomori网状纤维染色。结果骨髓涂片中：ACD骨髓增生程度高于IDA,ACD患者的粒红比高于IDA患者,ACD患者的铁染色中外铁增高,多为2＋～3＋。骨髓活检中：ACD患者中约有1／3的患者可见到反应性浆细胞增多,有将近一半的ACD患者可见到网状纤维染色增高。结论骨髓活检塑料包埋切片在ACD诊断及鉴别诊断中有重要的参考意义,骨髓涂片和骨髓活检切片的联合应用可以提高ACD实验诊断的准确率。