The Measurement of Tidal Volumes in Spontaneously Breathing Children during General Anaesthesia using a Haloscale Infant Wright Respirometer

The accuracy of tidal volume measurements made with a Wright Haloscale infant respirometer in children breathing spontaneously during general anaesthesia was assessed by a bench test. The tidal volumes and peak flow rates of 20 spontaneously breathing, anaesthetised children were measured with a pneumotachograph before and during surgery, and similar volumes, at the same flow rates, were delivered by a calibrated syringe simultaneously to the respirometer and a pneumotachograph. The results reveal that the mean (+/- s.d.) peak gas flow rates of children aged 6 years and less, 7.5 (+/- 1.6) and 9.3 (+/- 0.1) l/min before surgery and during surgery respectively, are significantly less than the peak flow rates, 11.3 (+/- 1.0) and 11.9 (+/- 1.5) before and during surgery, respectively, of children aged more than 6 years; and that the respirometer underestimates tidal volume by 10% when the peak flow rate is 11 l/min, and the percentage error in tidal volume estimation by the respirometer increases as the peak gas flow declines below 10 l/min.     

Rosette-forming non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

Homer Wright rosettes, typically found in neuroblastomas and consisting of neoplastic cells surrounding an eosinophilic fibrillary centre without a lumen, have been considered as an important finding in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumours. Rosettes in a neoplasm involving lymph nodes or bone marrow traditionally excluded a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. In this report, we describe three cases of malignant lymphoma (two small lymphocytic and one diffuse large cell) with pronounced rosette formation. One of the two cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma was observed in the bone marrow, the other small lymphotic lymphoma and the large cell lymphoma were in lymph nodes. The rosettes consisted of neoplastic lymphoid cells, often with participation of reactive macrophages, and ultrastructurally they had a central mass of interdigitating fibrillary cytoplasmic projections. Two cases were of B-cell lineage and one was of T-cell lineage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T-cell lymphoma with rosettes. Based on these findings, it is suggested that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma be included in the differential diagnosis of rosette-forming round cell neoplasms.     

滇黄芩不同炮制品中黄芩苷的含量测定研究

目的测定滇黄芩不同炮制品中黄芩苷的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件为:十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,甲醇-0.2%磷酸(45∶55)为流动相,柱温为25℃,流速为1 ml.min-1,紫外检测波长为280 nm。结果滇黄芩不同炮制品中黄芩苷的含量差异很大,含量依次为生药5.98%,生片4.96%,酒片4.03%。结论该法简便易行,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于滇黄芩药材及其制剂的质量控制。     

瑞-姬氏混染在Cr(Ⅵ)诱导的HepG2细胞微核试验中的应用

背景与目的:将瑞-姬(Wright-Giemsa)氏混染法用于Cr(Ⅵ)诱导的HepG2细胞微核试验,探讨瑞-姬氏混染配比浓度和不同染色时间对染色效果的影响.材料与方法:以瑞-姬氏混染对HepG2细胞进行染色,采用不同的染液配比和染色时间,观察其对染色效果的影响.结果:3:1瑞-姬氏混染3-5 min可以获得较瑞氏或姬氏单一染色更好的染色效果.结论:瑞-姬氏混合染色法可应用于微核试验中的细胞染色,并可获得良好的染色效果.     

盾叶薯蓣鲜根茎中甾体皂苷的分离鉴定

目的 研究盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis鲜根茎中的甾体皂苷成分,寻找新的生物活性物质.方法 运用正相和反相C18硅胶柱色谱对其甾体皂苷成分进行分离,用IR、MS、NMR等光谱方法进行结构鉴定.结果 从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了3个甾体化合物,分别为纤细皂苷(gracillin,Ⅰ)、盾叶皂苷A(zingiberenin A,Ⅱ)和26-O-βD-吡喃葡萄糖基-3β,26-二醇-25(R)-呋甾烷-5,20(22)-双烯-3-O-{α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)])-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,26-dioi-25(R)-furosta-5,20(22)-dien-3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅱ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为一新化合物.命名为盾叶皂苷G(zingiberenin G).     

磨浆-超声法提取黄姜中薯蓣皂苷元的工艺研究

目的优化磨浆-超声法从黄姜中提取薯蓣皂苷元工艺条件。方法采用对黄姜磨浆预处理后超声提取,再进行酸水解的方法从黄姜中提取薯蓣皂苷元。结果通过正交试验得到提取过程优化的工艺条件:磨浆时间5min,超声时间50min;料液比1∶18g/mL。其中料液比和磨浆时间对提取过程影响显著。与传统的直接酸水解法相比,收率提高了18%。结论磨浆-超声法用于黄姜提取具有收率高、污染少、节约能源的特点。     

黄姜中薯蓣皂苷元提取方法的比较研究

目的:考察超声波提取技术在薯蓣皂苷元提取中的应用,并寻求一种高效节能的薯蓣皂苷元提取方法。方法:采取先溶剂提取再酸水解的方法提取黄姜中的薯蓣皂苷元,对提取环节进行了五种不同方法优化组合和对比研究,以及反应机理的探讨,并与传统的直接酸水解法进行了比较分析。结果:对黄姜磨浆后进行超声提取的方法提取效率最好,收率比传统提取法提高15,用酸量降低90以上,提取物纯度高。结论:对黄姜磨浆预处理后进行超声提取能充分发挥超声波的作用,该方法具有收率高,节约能耗、减少环境污染的特点。     

冷水花化学成分研究

目的 研究冷水花的化学成分.方法 冷水花的醇提物经乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,再经柱层析分离纯化,并根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果 从冷水花中分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(1),亚麻油酸乙酯(2),十六酸乙酯(3),咖啡酸乙酯(4),α-香树脂醇(5),β-谷甾醇(6),槲皮素(7),β-胡萝卜苷(8).结论 以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

表面活性剂-超声法提取黄姜中薯蓣皂素的研究

目的考察表面活性剂-超声法提取黄姜中薯蓣皂素的最佳工艺条件。方法以薯蓣皂素收率为指标,通过正交实验优化提取工艺。结果表面活性剂异丙苯磺酸钠(SCS)结合超声法提取效果最好,最优工艺条件为固液比1∶12,超声45min,超声温度65℃,SCS浓度为10 mg/ml。结论表面活性剂-超声法对薯蓣皂素的提取具有方法简便,收率高等特点。     

Zirconia Phase Transformation in Zirconia-Toughened Alumina Ceramic Femoral Heads: An Implant Retrieval Analysis

BackgroundZirconia-toughened alumina ceramic was introduced as a femoral head material for total hip arthroplasty. The material combines the stability of alumina with the toughness of zirconia. Despite inherent benefits for bearing surfaces, concern exists in the medical field that phase transformation of the zirconia grains could worsen wear resistance and lower the strength of the head. We examined these concerns in retrieved and artificially aged ceramic heads.MethodsTwenty-eight ceramic composite heads retrieved at revision surgery were combined with 5 pristine heads (as negative controls for phase transformation) and 5 artificially aged pristine heads (as positive controls). The extent of zirconia phase transformation at the bearing surfaces was examined through confocal Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Burst testing was conducted on all pristine and aged heads and the 4 retrieved implants with the longest lengths of implantation.ResultsRetrieved heads had higher maximum average volume fractions of the monoclinic phase compared to pristine or aged heads. Length of implantation was not correlated to the volume fraction of the monoclinic phase. All the heads achieved a burst load far above the 46 kN Food and Drug Administration acceptance criterion; 3 of the 4 retrieved heads had burst strengths exceeding 100kN.ConclusionOur results showed that phase transformation occurs in vivo in ceramic composite femoral heads, but the amount transformed did not increase with the length of time the head had been implanted. The negligible effect upon burst strength of the retrieved and artificially aged heads is reassuring. These results support continued clinical use of this alumina-zirconia composite material as a head material.