探究黑胡椒粉对SD大鼠肝脏七种主要P450酶亚型的影响

目的进行大鼠体内外实验探究黑胡椒粉对肝脏七种主要P450酶亚型的影响。方法采用体外探针底物孵育法结合LC-MS/MS技术测定黑胡椒粉乙醇提取物与大鼠肝微粒体共孵育各时间点七种酶亚型的酶活力;采用Cocktail探针法结合LC-MS/MS技术测定体内连续灌胃黑胡椒粉一、二和三天大鼠肝脏七种酶亚型的酶活力。结果与对照组相比,黑胡椒粉乙醇提取物在体外实验中对大鼠CYP2D2、CYP3A、CYP2C11、CYP2E1和CYP1A2具有抑制作用;与空白组相比,灌胃黑胡椒粉一天对大鼠CYP2A5、CYP2D2和CYP1A2具有明显的诱导作用,且诱导作用在连续灌胃二和三天随之减弱。结论黑胡椒粉对大鼠肝脏P450酶有诱导作用,且经P450酶代谢产生的代谢产物是其诱导作用的物质基础。     

颅脑损伤患儿血浆内毒素变化及其临床意义分析

目的　研究颅脑损伤患儿血浆内毒素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法　以2017年10月1日至2018年12月31日中国医科大学附属盛京医院儿科重症监护室（PICU）住院的颅脑损伤患儿29例为病例组，分别于颅脑损伤后1 d、3 d和5 d采集外周血；以10例健康体检儿童为对照组。采用内毒素鳌定实验动态检测血浆内毒素水平，比较其颅脑损伤后1 d、3 d和5 d的内毒素水平变化情况；同时收集患儿发热情况、住院时间、喂养方式、手术史、机械通气等资料，评估影响血浆内毒素水平的临床因素。结果　颅脑损伤后1 d、3 d及5 d的病例组内毒素水平均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05），且损伤后3 d及5 d的内毒素水平高于1 d（P＜0.05）。昏迷评分（GCS）与内毒素水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。重型颅脑损伤组内毒素水平高于轻型及中型组。多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）组内毒素水平高于非MODS组。胃肠功能障碍组内毒素水平高于非胃肠功能障碍组。入院时肠内喂养、GCS是内毒素血症的独立影响因素（P＜0.05），小儿危重症评分（PCIS）与内毒素血症呈负相关，但不是其独立影响因素。结论　颅脑损伤患儿损伤后3 d内毒素水平明显升高，颅脑损伤越重，内毒素水平越高；胃肠功能障碍及MODS患儿血浆内毒素水平明显升高；入院时予肠内喂养可降低内毒素水平，GCS及PCIS越低，内毒素水平越高。     

评估诱导化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌放射治疗中的作用

[目的]通过对配对研究患者进行长期随访,重新评价诱导化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌放射治疗中的作用。[方法]1999年全年放疗前进行诱导化疗的Ⅲ期、Ⅳa期患者127例(ICT/RT组),按照T分期、N分期、性别、年龄和病理类型的匹配条件,与来自同年接受单纯放疗的127例(RT组)相匹配。两组采用的放疗剂量和技术基本一致,化疗采用以顺铂为基础的联合方案,接受1、2和3个疗程化疗的患者分别为71例(56%)、50例(39%)和6例(5%)。生存患者的中位随访83个月(11～101个月)。[结果]ICT/RT组和RT组的5年总生存率分别为64.6%和52.2%(P=0.045),5年无远处转移生存率分别为86.7%和71.7%(P=0.003)。ICT/RT组生存受益来自于远处转移率的降低。无复发生存率两组比较无显著性差异,其原因可能与ICT/RT组患者接受1个疗程化疗的比例高达56%有关。[结论]配对研究结果显示以顺铂为基础的诱导化疗加放疗能改善局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的无远处转移生存率和总生存率,为临床选择该项治疗提供一个佐证。     

鼻咽癌调强放疗对腮腺功能的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) on parotid function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods Eighty-three NPC patients received prima-ry IMRT between 2001 and 2003. Xerostomia before radiotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy, at 6-month, 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year after radiotherapy were investigated, respectively. The relation between xerostomia and parotid dose distribution was analyzed. Results Of all the patients,4,31,31 and 17 had stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and ⅣA disease, respectively. Sixteen patients received chemo-radiotherapy. The median followed-up time was 65 months. The 5-year local control and regional control rate were 96% and 95% ,respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80%. The mild xerostomia rate at the seven time points was 42%, 51%, 71%, 77%, 58%, 38% and 26%. The corresponding moderate xerostomia rate was 52%, 53%, 21%,8%, 3%, 2% and 2%, respectively. No serious xerostomia was observed. The mean dose of the bilateral parotid glands was 34.34 Gy. Xerostomia at 6-month after radiotherapy was positively correlated with the mean dose of the parotid glands, and D50 was the independent factor in predicting the xerostomia. Parotid function was well protected when the mean dose and D50 were no more than 33 Gy and 29 Gy,respectively. Conclusions IMRT can improve the local-regional control of NPC and protect the parotid glands from radiation-induced in-jury.     

鼻咽癌调强放疗对腮腺功能的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) on parotid function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods Eighty-three NPC patients received prima-ry IMRT between 2001 and 2003. Xerostomia before radiotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy, at 6-month, 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year after radiotherapy were investigated, respectively. The relation between xerostomia and parotid dose distribution was analyzed. Results Of all the patients,4,31,31 and 17 had stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and ⅣA disease, respectively. Sixteen patients received chemo-radiotherapy. The median followed-up time was 65 months. The 5-year local control and regional control rate were 96% and 95% ,respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80%. The mild xerostomia rate at the seven time points was 42%, 51%, 71%, 77%, 58%, 38% and 26%. The corresponding moderate xerostomia rate was 52%, 53%, 21%,8%, 3%, 2% and 2%, respectively. No serious xerostomia was observed. The mean dose of the bilateral parotid glands was 34.34 Gy. Xerostomia at 6-month after radiotherapy was positively correlated with the mean dose of the parotid glands, and D50 was the independent factor in predicting the xerostomia. Parotid function was well protected when the mean dose and D50 were no more than 33 Gy and 29 Gy,respectively. Conclusions IMRT can improve the local-regional control of NPC and protect the parotid glands from radiation-induced in-jury.     

鼻咽癌调强放疗对腮腺功能的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) on parotid function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods Eighty-three NPC patients received prima-ry IMRT between 2001 and 2003. Xerostomia before radiotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy, at 6-month, 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year after radiotherapy were investigated, respectively. The relation between xerostomia and parotid dose distribution was analyzed. Results Of all the patients,4,31,31 and 17 had stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and ⅣA disease, respectively. Sixteen patients received chemo-radiotherapy. The median followed-up time was 65 months. The 5-year local control and regional control rate were 96% and 95% ,respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80%. The mild xerostomia rate at the seven time points was 42%, 51%, 71%, 77%, 58%, 38% and 26%. The corresponding moderate xerostomia rate was 52%, 53%, 21%,8%, 3%, 2% and 2%, respectively. No serious xerostomia was observed. The mean dose of the bilateral parotid glands was 34.34 Gy. Xerostomia at 6-month after radiotherapy was positively correlated with the mean dose of the parotid glands, and D50 was the independent factor in predicting the xerostomia. Parotid function was well protected when the mean dose and D50 were no more than 33 Gy and 29 Gy,respectively. Conclusions IMRT can improve the local-regional control of NPC and protect the parotid glands from radiation-induced in-jury.     

元胞自动机在模拟细胞行为方面的应用

在生物细胞生长机理以及莫诺德微分方程模型的基础上,推导出生物细胞生长以及底物消耗的微分方程,并基于此建立模拟生物细胞生长的元胞自动机模型(CABCGM)。CABCGM采用二维细胞自动机作为细胞的生长空间,采用Moore型邻域作为细胞的邻居规则,其演化规则根据细胞的生长机理和推导出的动力学微分方程设计。在建立元胞自动机模型的前提下,以Matlab为开发工具来实现模型编程,并进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,利用元胞自动机建立的生物细胞的生长模型与实际微分方程细胞的生长曲线比较吻合(尤其在前期时间段),故元胞自动机能较好地描述细胞生长的演化行为。     

猪源性异种骨支架材料的生物相容性

目的:异种骨来源广泛,价格低廉,经过适当处理既能保留骨诱导作用,并作为骨支架使其具有骨传导作用。检测猪源性骨支架材料与人源性骨支架材料的生物相容性有无明显差异,为猪源性骨支架材料取代人源性骨支架材料提供实验依据。方法:实验于2006-08/2007-03在南方医科大学人体解剖学系实验室(广东省组织构建与检测重点实验室)完成。①实验材料:人源性、猪源性骨支架材料(为课题组前期制备);脂肪源间充质细胞(前期培养)。②实验方法及评估:体外细胞毒性实验:提取人源性、猪源性骨支架材料浸提液,用此浸提液培养脂肪源间充质细胞,并用无浸提液的DMEM培养基做对照,镜下观察细胞生长状况,流式细胞术检测细胞生长周期;人源性、猪源性骨支架材料皮下植入试验:于8只新西兰大白兔皮下,脊柱左侧植入异种骨支架材料,右侧植入同种异体骨支架材料。分别于4,8,12,16周将植入材料连同周围组织取出,进行组织切片观察及电镜观察。对动物处置符合动物伦理学标准。结果:①体外细胞毒性实验结果:在同一时间点,浸提液组、正常培养组细胞生长状况均良好,未见明显细胞抑制;流式细胞术检测细胞周期,3组细胞G1、G2、S期细胞百分率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②皮下植入实验结果:组织切片光镜及电镜观察,4周两种植入材料周围均见结缔组织包绕,有大量巨噬细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞浸润,材料表面光滑,与结缔组织界限清楚;8周时炎症反应减轻,可见部分材料开始降解,材料表面稍显粗糙,有少量结缔组织长入材料内部;12周炎症反应基本消失、材料降解明显、异位成骨趋势明显,材料表面更加粗糙,周围有大量结缔组织长入材料;16周均无炎症反应,两种材料大部分降解,并且猪源性骨支架材料降解更为迅速,均有新骨形成,材料表面粗糙程度较12周时为甚,骨支架材料基本消失。结论:猪源性异种骨支架材料有良好的生物相容性,与人源性异种骨支架材料无明显差别。     

基于不同区域ADC值和1H-MRS代谢物比值鉴别胶质母细胞瘤与原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤

【摘要】目的：探讨基于不同区域表观扩散系数（ADC）值和磁共振波谱（MRS）代谢物比值鉴别诊断胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）与原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的27例GBM和15例PCNSL患者的影像资料,分别测量肿瘤实质区和瘤周水肿区的ADC值和MRS代谢物比值。根据数据是否符合正态分布,采用两样本独立t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较GBM组与PCNSL组肿瘤不同区域ADC值及MRS代谢物比值的差异。对组间差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）的参数采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其对GBM与PCNSL的鉴别诊断效能。结果：肿瘤实质区ADC值（ADC*）、瘤周水肿区ADC值（ADC#）、肿瘤实质区Cho/NAA（Cho/NAA*）、肿瘤实质区NAA/Cr（NAA/Cr*）、瘤周水肿区NAA/Cr（NAA/Cr#）在GBM组与PCNSL组之间的差异均具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果表明基于肿瘤实质区Cho/NAA比值（Cho/NAA*）是鉴别GBM与PCNSL的最佳参数,ROC曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度和截断值分别为0.820、92.6%、60.0%和＞2.28。结论：肿瘤实质区、瘤周水肿区ADC值和MRS代谢物比值能够有效鉴别GBM与PCNSL,有助于临床医生制定治疗方案。