2005-2008年北京顺义区白瓜子中二氧化硫残留监测结果

目的掌握北京顺义区白瓜子中二氧化硫污染现状。方法2005—2008年在全区范围内抽检销售的白瓜子,进行二氧化硫的污染监测。结果获得监测数据75个,总体检出率为65．33％,合格率为76．00％。其中从市场采集到的样品二氧化硫检出率显著高于超市（Х^2=8．128,P=0．004）;散装白瓜子二氧化硫检出率显著高于的定型包装（Х^2=10．685,P=0．001）;知名品牌产品全部合格,二氧化硫检出率仅为13．33％。结论顺义区销售白瓜子中二氧化硫残留情况应该引起重视。     

槟榔和南瓜子治疗布朗族人群绦虫病204例疗效观察

目的 观察槟榔南瓜子治疗绦虫病的疗效. 方法 将调查的近1周内排绦虫节片的314例患者随机分为2组,治疗组采用槟榔、南瓜子治疗,对照组采用阿苯达唑治疗,治疗结束后进行疗效比较及副反应情况对比分析. 结果 治疗组治疗2天内总有效率为98.04％,对照组为一周内有效率为18.19％;两组比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.001);治疗组副反应发生率为2.94％,对照组为10.00％;两组比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.05). 结论 槟榔、南瓜子、硫酸镁治疗绦虫病有一定的疗效.     

南瓜多糖降血糖作用的实验研究

目的:观察南瓜多糖的降糖作用。方法:小鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(220mg/kg)建立四氧嘧啶性糖尿病模型,用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测血糖值,观察用南瓜多糖(360mg/kg)灌胃后对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病模型小鼠的降糖作用。结果:南瓜多糖可降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖,给药后2h、4h降糖百分率分别为(71.34±38.72)%、(88.47±22.39)%(P<0.05)。结论:南瓜多糖对糖尿病小鼠有降糖作用。     

南瓜提取物对小鼠铅诱导的脂质过氧化及抗氧化酶活力的影响

目的：观察染铅小鼠抗氧化系统的改变及南瓜提取物（Pumpkin Distillable Subject,PKD）对抗氧化酶系统的影响。方法：小鼠经饮水铅染毒（醋酸铅）造成铅中毒模型后给予南瓜提取物，4周后处死，测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：给予南瓜多糖的小鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH-Px活力上升，MDA含量降低，与中毒模型组相比，差异有显著性。结论：铅中毒可引起小鼠过氧化损伤，南瓜多糖可以减轻铅中毒引起的脂质过氧化，提高小鼠机体的抗氧化能力。     

南瓜脱糖发酵滤液急性毒性和防治小鼠糖尿病作用的研究

目的探讨南瓜脱糖发酵滤液的急性毒性和防治小鼠四氧嘧啶糖尿病的作用。方法急性毒性按GB15193—94方法。小鼠分组每天按剂量灌胃一次，然后腹腔注射四氧嘧啶生理盐水液进行预防高血糖试验。小鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶生理盐水液，制成糖尿病模型，分组进行降血糖实验。结果急性毒性实验，南瓜脱糖发酵滤液20-ml/kg体重剂量组和对照组，雌、雄小鼠均未见明显症状和体征，也无死亡。预防高血糖实验，南瓜脱糖发酵滤液20nd／kg体重剂量组，雌、雄小鼠空腹血糖值均明显低于对照组，分别P〈0．05或P〈0．01；并且体重也均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。降血糖实验，南瓜脱糖发酵滤液20ml/kg体重剂量组小鼠在实验末期血糖值明显降低，并且也明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；并且其小鼠体重均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），而饮水量明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论南瓜脱糖发酵滤液对雌、雄小鼠经口LD50均大于20ml/kg体重，属无毒级。南瓜脱糖发酵滤液具有明显预防四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖值升高、体重减轻的作用；并且具有明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖值、促进其体重恢复、控制其饮水量、缓解烦渴症状的作用。     

南瓜多糖降血脂抗动脉粥样硬化的实验研究

目的:探讨南瓜多糖降血脂预防动脉粥样硬化形成的作用机制。方法:将48只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型组、南瓜多糖低、高剂量组。实验至第8周末,麻醉后眼球采血,检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。同时取主动脉作病理形态学观察。结果:与高脂模型组比较,南瓜多糖组大鼠血清TG、TC、MDA含量明显降低,HDL、SOD含量明显提高(P<0.05)。高、低剂量组大鼠主动脉壁厚度和泡沫细胞数量明显较高脂模型组减轻。结论:南瓜多糖具有减缓大鼠动脉粥样硬化形成的作用,其作用可能与降低TG、TC、提高HDL水平、及抗脂质过氧化作用有关.     

Evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of oral and topical pumpkin oil on the hair growth of mice

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a topical and oral administration of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on the hair growth of BALB/c male mice. The animals had their dorsal area shaved (2 ×2 cm) and they were divided into 6 experimental groups. They received orally saline (OS), finasteride (F), or PSO (OP) for 14 days; or topically saline (TS), minoxidil (M), or PSO (TP) for 7 days. The euthanasia of all of the mice occurred on the 22nd day, and the histological slides from the skin area were analyzed. Lipoperoxidation in the liver was assessed through the TBARS method and was also evaluated by the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT). The comet assay and the micronucleus tests were performed for genotoxic/mutagenic safety analyses. A significant increase in the number of hair follicles in the TP group was seen (8.8 ± 0.8) but it was disorganized, with loose dermal collagen. Finasteride presented a significant increase in the levels of the TBARS, SOD, and CAT in the liver, and M increased the DNA damage in the blood and the liver tissues. PSO did not induce any significant changes. In addition, PSO did not induce genotoxic or mutagenic effects. In conclusion, the oral PSO for 14 days acted in the proliferation of the hair follicles, without toxicity signals in the liver.Data availabilityThe authors confirm that all of the relevant data is included in the article and/or in the supplementary information file.     

南瓜多糖降糖有效部位的提取分离及降糖作用的研究

目的：对南瓜多糖有效部位进行提取、分离并进行降糖作用的研究。方法：将葫芦科植物Cucurbiat moschata Duch南瓜由水提、醇沉后经大孔径离子柱和Sepherose柱、SephadexA-200柱分离,获得多糖组份,冷冻干燥后得白色粉末多糖,该多糖给予四氧嘧啶糖尿病造模大鼠（3．8g/kg）连续21天后测定其空腹血糖的变化情况,以中药消渴丸作用为阳性对照组,结果该有效部位有明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠血糖的作用,且效果优于消渴丸对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：南瓜多糖有效部位有明显的降低糖尿病大鼠血糖效果。     

Fatty acid composition and δ13C isotopic ratio characterisation of pumpkin seed oil

This study aimed to verify the authenticity and geographical origin of pumpkin seed oil using chemical analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and isotopic characterisation by gas chromatography combustion stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) combined with chemometric analysis. Thirty-eight pumpkin seed samples from various parts of the world were collected and authentic oils were prepared. Pumpkin seed oils are highly unsaturated, oleic acid varies from 26.8 to 43.6% and the content of linoleic acid is between 37.2 and 54.9%. The average δ¹³C values of the main fatty acids are −29.2 ± 1.2‰, −30.3 ± 1.6‰, −27.9 ± 1.7‰ and −28.1 ± 1.7‰ for C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1, C_18:2, respectively. To determine adulteration, rapeseed, sunflower and soybean oil, were added to pumpkin seed oil in varying percentages (1–10%). A 100% correct classification of both geographical and botanical origin was achieved based on the composition and δ¹³C values of fatty acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) and regularised discriminant analysis (RDA) analysis gave comparable results.     

Pediatric lymphedema caused by diffuse cervical lymphadenopathy: A case report and review of the literature

Pediatric head and neck lymphedema is rare and there have not been any reported cases in children. Here we discuss severe, diffuse head and neck lymphedema in a child caused by compression of the internal jugular veins by lymphadenopathy from Kawasaki's disease. With steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, the lymphadenopathy improved and facial edema slowly resolved. In review of the literature, complications of head and neck lymphedema including airway obstruction and blindness are discussed. This case highlights the importance of the pediatric otolaryngologist considering lymphedema as a cause for facial swelling and monitoring for complications of lymphedema.