A new method for early diagnosis of carcinoma in bile duct-sonography of common bile duct before and after injection of ceosunin.

42 cases of dilatation (7-15 mm) of extrahepatic bile duct after ceosunin injection (cholagogic method) were observed ultrasonographically. Among the 18 cases of testified obstructive lesions of the bile duct, 13 (72%) showed widening of the bile duct with an increase of calibre from 9.8 mm to 11.7 mm, 3 (16%) had no obvious change, and 2 (12%) shrank. Among the 24 cases of non-obstruction 22 (92%) shrank with a decrease calibre from 9.6 mm to 6.3 mm, and 2 (8%) showed no obvious change. After receiving cholagogue, 9 cases of periampullary carcinoma in the obstructive group were confronted with widening of the bile duct calibre. After longitudinal and transverse rotation scanning method was used, 8 of the 9 cases had their tumor mass visualized. Combined cholagogic and rotation scanning methods raised the lesion manifestation rate of lower bile duct from 41% to 88%. A dilated bile duct unable to show shrinkage of calibre after cholagogue injection is believed to be a criterion for judging the presence of     

超声引导下肿瘤内注射^90钇玻璃微球的肝癌综合治疗

超声引导下对２８例肝癌病人进行了肿瘤内注射＾９０钇玻璃微球（Ｙ－９０ＧＴ ＭＳ）为主的综合性治疗（部分病人配合肿块周边注射无水酒精及门静脉穿刺化疗）。随访２～１６个月（平均７．９个月），病人全健在。肿瘤缩小率为９１％，其中显著缩小达７５％；肿块回声呈致密增强，少数呈混合型或等回声型；肿瘤内及周边血流信号显著减少；原甲胎蛋白升高者１３例，１１例显著下降，其中６例降至正常；病人症状减轻，全身情况改善。     

Transcutaneous ultrasound of the cervical esophagus in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Transcutaneous ultrasound of the cervical esophagus was performed in 46 patients with esophageal carcinoma and in 35 controls. The former had 24 upper segmental lesions and 22 lower segmental lesions. The level of the sternoclavicular joint was used to divide the esophagus into the upper segmental (USE) and lower segmental esophagus (LSE). The anterior esophageal wall thickness and luminal dimensions were measured before and immediately after phonation. The mean wall thickness in the controls was 1.8 mm before phonation and 2.1 mm after phonation, with a significant difference (t test,P<0.05). The mean wall thickness in the USE carcinoma group was 4.3 mm and 4.4 mm before and after phonation respectively. There was a significant difference between the controis and USE carcinoma groups (t test, P<0.05). The cross sectional area, which was calculated as the product of anteroposterior and lateral diameters, averaged 28 mm~2 before phonation in the controls and increased to 44 mm~2 after phonation (t test, P     

第七届国际介入性超声大会简介

第七届国际介入性超声大会于1996年9月3日～6日在丹麦首都哥本哈根举行。来自42个国家的300多名代表参加了大会，其中特邀代表22名。我国出席会议共5名医师，其中2名为特邀代表。会议录用论文124篇，大会报告论文72篇。本次会议反映了近年来国际介入性超声在诊断和治疗方面的新进展，现简要介绍如下。1．超声引导下活检自1969年首次超声引导下活极以来，一直强调应用细针、目前倾向于用较粗的针，即18G针。瑞典学者TorbjonAnderson报告用1．2mm的切割针进行14000例活俭的结果，其并发症并不高于细针活检，近期的许多研究亦支持该观点。然…     

原发性肝癌经皮微波凝固治疗前后局部免疫活性细胞功能检测

目的：了解原发性肝癌经皮微波凝固治疗前、后局部免疫活性细胞功能变化。方法：C地38例病理诊断原发性肝癌,并接受超声导引下经皮微波凝固治疗的患者。分别治疗前及治疗后17d,超声导引下经皮用18G组织切割针于病灶及其周边肝组织取活检标本,取出的组织标本石蜡包埋,采用特异性单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色,检测CD3^ 、CD56^ 、CD68^ 细胞及T淋巴细胞表面Fas配体;并在光镜下观察,用病理图像分析仪测量治疗前后、后阳性细胞直径、阳性细胞占单位面积百分比、T淋巴细胞Fas-L阳性表达率及治疗前后巨噬细胞内次级溶酶体变化。结果：治疗前肿瘤内仅有少量免疫细胞浸润,多数浸润的CD3^ 和CD56^ 细胞最大径小于10μm,CD68^ 细胞最大径小于18μm。治疗后病灶内浸润的CD3^ 、CD56^ 和CD68^ 细胞数量较治疗前明显增加,细胞体积明显增大（同治疗前相比CD3^ 细胞和CD56^ 细胞t和P值分别为3．48,－4．76和0．025,0．000,巨噬细胞t和P值分别为－2．46和0．028）。最大径大于10μm的CD3^ 和CD56^ 细胞分别由治疗前的10．4％和20．1％增至24．9％和30．2％,最大径大于18μm的CD68^ 细胞由10．2％增至33．4％。T淋巴细胞Fas-L阳性率由治疗前的7．2％增高至20．1％（P＜0．01,巨噬细胞内次级溶酶体和T淋巴细胞内细胞器明显增多。结论：原发性肝癌经皮微波凝固治疗提高局部浸润免疫细胞的功能。     

超声造影评价肝血流灌注的应用进展

超声声学造影是现代超声领域研究的热点之一，尤其是在肝脏肿瘤方面的研究十分活跃。随着新型相关技术的迅猛发展，超声造影可得到丰富的肝肿瘤供血及血流灌注信息，并出现动态期相性造影增强变化，对肝肿瘤不仅有诊断与鉴别诊断的意义，而且有望成为无创性评价肝肿瘤的微循环及肿瘤新生血管形成过程的重要影像手段。     

三维超声重建测量肾脏体积的实验研究

目的:评价三维超声对肾脏体积测量的准确性。方法:利用三维及二维超声经皮测量21枚活体肾脏体积(新西兰大白兔2只,成年杂种犬5只,小型香猪2头,拟切除移植肾3例)。移植肾和动物的肾剖腹后摘除通过水置换法测量体积。结果:三维超声和二维超声测量肾脏体积的准确率分别为97.36%和93.87%,与实际体积相比,三维超声测量值(r=0.9948,P=0.000)较二维超声测量值(r=0.9610,P=0.000)的一致性好。三维超声和二维超声测量的系统偏倚分别为0.75ml和1.67ml,一致性范围分别为-3.66~5.11ml和-8.15~10.79ml。结论:三维超声对肾脏体积的测量是可行的,具有较高的准确性和一致性。     

肢体动脉闭塞性疾病的彩色多普勒超声诊断

回顾性总结经彩色多普勒检查的肢体动脉闭塞性疾病２２例，其中１８例获得直接诊断依据，即病变段动脉缺乏多普勒血流信号，占８１．８２％，其结果与ＤＳＡ检查比较，差异不显著。彩色多普勒检查具有操作简单、无创伤性、无并发症等特点，是检查闭塞性动脉疾病的敏感方法，值得在临床进一步推广应用。     

非均匀性脂肪肝的超声显像诊断

15例非均匀性脂肪肝作了超声显象的研究,全部病例为病理所证实。在声象图上,其病变可分为三型:Ⅰ型—局限浸润型(2例),显示为小片强回声区,易误诊为其它强回声病变;Ⅱ型—叶段浸润型(1例),右叶脂肪变呈强回声而左叶回声正常;Ⅲ型—弥漫非均匀浸润残存小片正常区(12例),这一型在非均匀性脂肪肝中最常见,并且容易误诊为弱回声肿块。可资鉴别的声象图特征是该弱回声区好发于肝左叶,无肿块的占位效应以及其余肝实质回声增强。