注射速率对孤立性肺结节64层螺旋CT灌注成像影响的初步研究

目的：利用64层螺旋CT探讨孤立性肺结节CT灌注成像技术中对比剂注射速率对结果的影响。方法：对50例孤立性肺结节患者进行前瞻性研究。随机将患者分为两组，注射速率分别为3ml／s（组1）及5ml／s（组2）；男性34例，女性16例。年龄范围28～73岁，平均年龄56．02±9．11岁。其中，43例通过手术证实；2例通过CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检证实；1例通过纤支镜活检证实；4例同时发现全身多处转移性肿瘤。结果：组1中，血流量值：49．006±42．429ml·100g^-1·min^-1、血容量：3．358±4．608ml／100g，平均通过时间：6．307±3．772s，表面渗透性：9．378±9．040ml·100g^-1·min^-1。组2：血流量：52．917±61．206ml·100g^-1·min^-1，血容量：3．045±4．671ml／100g，平均通过时间：6．079±3．831s，表面渗透性：8．142±7．082ml·100g^-1·min^-1。组1与组2结节血流量（P=0．249〉0．05）；血容量（P=0．737〉0．05）；平均通过时间（P=0．776〉0．05）；表面渗透性（P=0．454〉0．05）。不同注射速率的两组孤立性肺结节灌注值统计学差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：不同的对比剂注射速率（3ml／s和5ml／s）对64层螺旋CT孤立性肺结节灌注成像无明显影响。     

100kVp条件下碘克沙醇(270mgI/mL)应用于头颈部CTA检查的可行性研究

目的：探讨100kVp条件下应用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行头颈部CTA检查的可行性。方法：连续40例行头颈部cTA检查的患者,根据检查方案分为A、B两组进行评价。A组：使用碘帕醇（370mgI／mL）,管电压120kVp,噪声指数（NI）13,共20例;B组：使用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）,管电压100kVp,NI 11,共20例。读取CT剂量报告中的容积剂量指数（CTDIv01）,计算体型特异性剂量估计（SSDE）值。图像质量主观评价：采用双盲法由两位具有3年以上CT诊断经验的医师采用5分法进行评价。图像质量客观评价：测量并分析两组中主动脉、颈总动脉、颈内动脉及大脑中动脉的CT值和标准差（SD）。结果：A、B组中患者年龄[分别为（64．55±8．76）岁和（63．65±14．06）岁]和BMI[（23．92±2．23）和（23．56±2．20）kg／m^2]的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A、B两组间CTDIvol[分别为（33．39±2．53）和（26．76±1．03）mOy]和SSDE[分别为（66．27±4．01）和（53．58±2．06）mGy]的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A、B组间主观评分（分别为4．20±0．62和4．10±0．55）的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。客观评价：两组间主动脉、颈总动脉、颈内动脉和大脑中动脉的CT值及SD值的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：100kVp条件下、应用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行头颈部CTA检查,在图像质量保持不变的情况下,可降低辐射剂量并减少对比剂使用量。     

100kVp条件下碘克沙醇(270mgI/mL)应用于肺动脉CTA检查的可行性研究

目的：探讨100kVp条件下使用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行肺动脉CTA检查的可行性。方法：54例连续患者行肺动脉CTA检查,分为两组：100kVp组共27例,使用对比剂碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）;120kVp组27例,使用对比剂为碘帕醇（370mgI／mL）。两组使用对比剂的总量均为35mL。记录2组的CT剂量指数（CTDI）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）,并计算有效剂量（ED）和体型特异性剂量估计（ssDE）值。对图像质量进行主观评分,并测量每例患者肺动脉各段的CT值,对主观评分和测量结果进行统计学分析。结果：两组患者的性别、年龄和身体质量指数（BMI）的差异均无统计学意义（P=0．785、0．416和0．311）。100kVp组使用对比剂的总碘量为9．45g,120kVP组为12．95g。100kVP组CTDI-vol、DLP、ED和ssDE值均低于120kVp组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组图像质量均符合诊断要求,主观评分的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组肺动脉各段CT值的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：使用100kVp管电压、碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行肺动脉CTA检查,图像质量能够满足临床诊断需求,同时降低了患者的辐射剂量及对比剂量。     

100kVp条件下头颈CTA检查中碘克沙醇(270mgI/mL)个性化注射方案的成像效果初探

目的：探讨100kVp条件下、头颈部CTA检查中碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）个性化注射方案的成像效果。方法：连续50例患者行头颈部CTA检查。使用对比剂碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）,个性化对比剂注射方案如下：注射总量一体重（kg）×0．5mL／kg;根据注射时间的不同（分别为7、8和9s）将患者分为3组（4g次为A、B、C组）;注射流率一注意总量／注射时间,规定最高流率为6mL／s;采用对比剂智能跟踪触发技术,兴趣区置于主动脉弓处,阈值为80HU。由两位阅片者对3组的重组图像进行主观评估（5分法）,并测量颈部及脑内动脉的CT值。结果：三组患者的年龄、性别、身体质量指数（BMI）的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。三组图像的主观评分分别为4．75±0．41、4．85±0．34和4．29±0．61,A组与B组主观评分的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,A组、B组与C组间主观评分的差异有统计学差异（P=0．004、0．024）。三组图像上颈动脉及脑内动脉的CT值：A组与B组间CT值的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,A组、B组与C组间CT值的差异有统计学差异（P=0．001～0．037）。结论：碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）在头颈CTA检查中可进行个性化注射,图像质量可满足诊断需求。     

100kVp条件下碘克沙醇(270mgI/mL)应用于主动脉CTA检查的可行性研究

目的：探讨100kVp条件下碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）应用于主动脉CTA检查的可行性。方法：临床疑诊主动脉病变而行主动脉CTA检查的连续21例患者,分为两组,分别采用不同的CT扫描方案：A组10例,采用管电压120kVp,对比剂为碘帕醇（370mgI／mL）;B组共11例,采用管电压100kVP,对比剂为碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）。采用两独立样本t检验（非正态分布采用Mann-WhitneyU检验）来比较两组的临床资料、CT辐射剂量、图像质量主、客观评价指标。结果：两组患者的性别、年龄和身体质量指数（BMI）的差异均无统计学意义（P=0．132、0．151和0．814）。两组的CT辐射剂量差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。B组患者接受碘的剂量明显低于A组,且差异有高度统计学意义（P〈O．001）。两组图像主观评分的差异无统计学意义（P=0．898）。图像的客观评分：两组的主动脉主干及其主要分支的CT值均〉300Hu,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;A组CNR优于B组,2组差异有高度统计学意义（P=0．002）。结论：使用100kVp、碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）进行主动脉CTA检查可以满足临床诊断需要。     

静脉注射碘克沙醇(270mgI/ml)肾脏不良反应的临床观察

目的：探讨静脉注射碘克沙醇（270mgI／m1）对肾功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析行冠状动脉CTA检查的432例连续患者的病例资料,根据对比剂的使用情况将研究对象分为：等渗对比剂组,注射碘克沙醇（270mgI／m1）,115例;低渗对比剂组,注射碘帕醇（370mgI／m1）,317例。搜集同期住院患者中行平扫CT的110例连续患者资料作为对照组。比较3组患者的临床特点,检查前后血清肌酐（Scr）和估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）的变化,以及对比剂肾病（CIN）的发病率。结果：432例患者均未发生严重的急性不良反应。三组年龄差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）：其中等渗对比剂组平均年龄较低渗对比剂组及对照组大（P〈0．017）。三组的性剐构成比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。三组闻CIN危险因素的差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）：其中等渗对比剂组有危险因素的患者比例较低渗对比剂组及对照组多（P〈0．017）;低渗对比剂组有危险因素的患者比例较对照组多（P〈0．017）。CT检查后各组Scr和eGFR的变化（与检查前基线值比较）：等渗对比剂组Scr下降,eGFR升高（P〈0．05）;低渗对比剂组检查后Scr升高（P〈0．05）;对照组Scr及eGFR的变化均无统计学意义。等渗对比剂组、低渗对比剂组cIN发病率分别为2．6％、7．9％。13．6％的平扫患者出现了符合CIN诊断标准的Scr升高。等渗对比剂组CIN的发病率明显低于对照组（P〈0．017）。等渗对比剂组与低渗对比剂组、低渗对比剂组与对照组cIN发病率差异均无统计学意义。结论：静脉注射等渗对比剂碘克沙醇（270mgI／m1）对肾功能没有影响,静脉注射低渗对比剂碘帕醇（370mgI／m1）后Scr升高,两组的CIN发病率接近。不注射碘对比剂的CT检查患者,在检查后也可能由于其他因素导致肾功能降低,其“CIN”的发病率比注射等渗对比剂组高,与低渗对比剂组接近,因此判断CIN时应除外其他影响因素,避免对CIN的过度诊断。     

肝硬化患者脑基底节区MRI与MR波谱成像研究

目的利用MRI及MR波谱成像（MRS）研究肝硬化患者是否伴发帕金森综合征的基底节区信号与代谢特征。方法27例肝硬化患者进行MRI与基底节区MRS扫描，其中14例肝硬化患者伴发帕金森综合征。采集N-乙酰天冬氨酸（NAA）、肌醇（mI）、肌酸．磷酸肌酸（Cr）及胆碱复合物（Cho），分别计算NAA／Cr、ml／Cr及Cho／Cr的相对值。18名年龄匹配的健康志愿者作对比。结果27例肝硬化患者伴与未伴帕金森综合征组与正常对照组间的NAA／Cr的平均值分别为1．35±0、03、1．40±0．03、1、44±0．01差异无统计学意义（t值分别为1、16与0．87，P值均〉0．05）。13例未伴帕金森综合征组与正常对照组间苍白球的高信号强度值的平均值分别为1．04±0、003，1．03±0、002，ml／Cr平均值分别为0．63±0．01、0．61±0．02；Cho／Cr的平均值分别为0．82±0．03、0．80±0．02，差异无统计学意义（t值分别为0．63、-0．52、-0．54，P值均〉0．05）。14例伴有与13例不伴有帕金森综合征组间苍白球的高信号强度值平均值分别为1、18±0．001，1．04±0．003，ml／Cr平均值分别为0．39±0．02、0．63±0．01；与Cho／Cr的平均值分别为0．68±0．01，0、82±0．03，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为-5．16、7．61、4、12，P值均〈0．01）。肝硬化患者高信号强度值与ml／Cr（r=-0．764，P〈0．05）及Cho／Cr（r=-0．553，P〈0．05）间呈负相关。结论基底节区MRI与MRS对判断肝性脑病锥体外系受损有重要的临床意义。     

100kVp条件下碘克沙醇(270mgI/mL)应用于肾动脉CTA检查的可行性研究

目的：探讨100kVp条件下、使用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行肾动脉CTA检查的可行性。方法：18例行肾动脉CTA检查的连续病例根据CT扫描管电压分为两组：100kVp组（10例）和120kVp组（6例）,记录2组的容积CT剂量指数（CTDIv01）,计算体型特异性剂量估计（SSDE）值。由2位有经验的影像诊断医师对图像进行主观评分,包括：整体图像质量、图像细节（血管锐利程度、MPR显示分支、VR显示分支、MIP显示分支）。图像客观评价包括：目标血管和背景的CT值（腹主动脉动脉、双侧肾动脉、竖脊肌）,对比噪声比（CNR）及信噪比（SNR）。两组间辐射剂量及客观评价指标的比较采用两独立样本t检验,主观评价指标的比较采用Mann-WhitneyU检验。结果：100kVp组CTDIv01为（11．19±3．85）mGy,120kVp组为（17．37±2．63）mGy,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。100kVp组SSDE为（15．48±4．41）mGy,120kVP组为（25．00±2．49）mGy,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。主观评价：两组图像质量整体评分的差异无统计学意义（Z=-1．60,P〉0．05）;两组图像血管锐利程度评分的差异有统计学意义（Z=-2．162,P〈0．05）;两组中重组图像在显示血管分支方面,MPR（Z=-0．972,P〉0．05）、VR（Z=-1．696,P〉0．05）和MIP图像（Z=-1．626,P〉0．05）间的差异均无统计学意义。客观评价：100kVp组腹主动脉CT值为（291±32）HU,120kVp组为（224±20）HU,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;100kVP组肾动脉CT值为（278±37）HU,120kVp组为（222±15）HU,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;空气CT值及标准差在100kVp组分别为（-992±2）和（9±2）HU,120kVp组分别为（-995±2）和（7±2）HU,两组间2个指标的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组图像的CNR分别为22±4及21±3,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组图像的SNR分别为30±7及30±6,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：100kVP条件下应用碘克沙醇（270mgI／mL）行肾动脉CTA检查,图像质量能满足诊断要求且降低了辐射剂量。     

盐酸文拉法辛胶囊的人体生物等效性

目的：对盐酸文拉法辛两种胶囊制剂进行生物等效性评价。方法：18名健康受试者分别随机交叉单剂量口服盐酸文拉法辛胶囊50mg后,采用反相高效液相色谱．荧光检测法测定血药浓度。结果：受试制剂和参比制剂的药动学参数Cmax分别为（161．76±70．15）和（143．22±70．14）ng／ml;Tmax分别为（3．00±0．84）和（2．58±0．86）h;AUC0→t。分别为（917．17±500．72）和（834．48±437．99）ng／（h·ml）;AUC0→∞分别为（1115．46±687．85）和（1239．67±861．78）ng／（h·ml）;t1／2分别为（4．51±1．93）和（5．42±3．55）h。受试制剂AUC0→t的90％可信限落在参比制剂80．0％-125．0％范围内。Cmax的90％可信限落在参比制剂70．0％～143．0％范围内,Tmax经Witeoxon非参数秩和检验无显著性差异。结论：受试制剂与参比制剂在人体内生物等效。     

复发性视神经脊髓炎脑扩散张量成像研究

目的利用扩散张量成像（DTI）探讨复发性视神经脊髓炎（RNMO）患者是否存在隐匿性脑组织损伤及其发生机制。方法对16例RNMO患者和16例性别和年龄匹配的正常志愿者脑组织的平均扩散系数（ND）和部分各向异性（FA）进行直方图和感兴趣区（ROI）分析，以P≤0．005为差异有统计学意义。结果与志愿者比较，RNMO患者脑的平均MD升高[脑组织：RNMO患者（0．95±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．91±0．03）×10^-3mm^2，t=3．940，P〈0．001；脑白质：RNMO患者（0．82±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．80±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=3．117，P=0．004；脑灰质：RNMO患者（1．06±0．04）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．88±0．05）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．031，P〈0．001]、脑白质的FA直方图峰高抬高[RNMO患者（2．61±0．18）‰，志愿者（2．38±0．18）‰，t=3．627，P=0．001]及脑灰质的MD直方图峰高降低[RNMO患者（7．37±0．89）‰，志愿者（8．91±1．71）‰，t=3．210，P=0．003]和峰位置抬高[RNMO患者（0．83±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．81±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．373，P〈0．001]；与脊髓和视神经有直接联系ROI的平均MD升高[延髓：RNMO患者（1．27±0．11）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（1．11±0．10）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．260，P〈0．001；大脑脚：RNMO患者（1．01±0．11）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．87±0．05）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．391，P〈0．001；内囊：RNMO患者（0．74±0．01）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．72±0．01）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．683，P〈0．001；视放射：RNMO患者（0．88±0．03）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．82±0．03）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．619，P〈0．001）、平均FA降低（延髓：RNMO患者0．27±0．01，志愿者0．29±0．03，t=2．996，P=0．005；大脑脚：RNMO患者0．49±0．04，志愿者0．54±0．03，t=4．280，P〈0．001；内囊：RNMO患者0．66±0．02，志愿者0．69±0．02，t=3．953，P〈0．001；视放射：RNMO患者0．53±0．04，志愿者0．59±0．03，t=4．705，P〈0．001）；而与脊髓和视神经无直接联系的胼胝体的平均MD[膝部：RNMO患者（0．76±0．04）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．73±0．03）×10^-3mm^2／s；压部：RNMO患者（0．77±0．05）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．73±0．04）×10^-3mm^2／s]和FA值（膝部：RNMO患者0．82±0．03，志愿者0．82±0．03；压部：RNMO患者0．83±0．03，志愿者0．83±0．02）差异无统计学意义（P值均〉0．005）。结论RNMO患者存在隐匿性脑组织损伤，这可能与继发于脊髓和视神经病灶的顺行和逆行性变性有关。     

Comparison in myelography between iodixanol 270 and 320 mgI/ml and iotrolan 300 mgI/ml: a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, phase III trial

The objective of the trial was to compare the safety and efficacy of the non-ionic, dimeric, isotonic contrast medium iodixanol (Visipaque 270 and 320 mgI/ml) with those of iotrolan (Isovist 300 mgI/ml) in myelography. After lumbar or cervical puncture, 315 patients were examined in a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, comparative myelography study. Image quality, changes in vital signs, immediate and delayed adverse events were registered. There was a tendency for better images with iodixanol 320 than with iodixanol 270 and iotrolan 300, but the overall quality was good or excellent with all products. The frequency of patients reporting adverse events and headache varied much across centres, but there was no statistically significant difference between the contrast media. The incidence of events was higher after lumbar puncture than after cervical puncture, in women rather than in men, and after puncture with a 22-gauge (G) bevel-tipped needle compared with a 24 G Sprotte needle. The frequency of headache did not correlate with the absence of pathology. The higher iodine concentration in iodixanol 320 could be an advantage for film quality. When compared with iotrolan 300, iodixanol 320 and 270 give similar incidences of adverse events, including headache.     

Pain in femoral arteriography. A double-blind, randomized, clinical study comparing safety and efficacy of the iso-osmolar iodixanol 270 mgI/ml and the low-osmolar iomeprol 300 mgI/ml in 9 European centers

PURPOSE: To compare the injection-associated pain and heat sensation after administration of the iso-osmolar contrast medium (IOCM) iodixanol (Visipaque trade mark 270 mg I/ml) and the low osmolar contrast medium (LOCM) iomeprol (Iomeron trade mark 300 mg I/ml) in femoral arteriography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 352 patients received iodixanol or iomeprol in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. The first injection during femoral arteriography (DSA with automated stepping) was standardized. Injection-associated pain and heat sensation, efficacy and safety up to 72 h were evaluated. RESULTS: The iodixanol group reported significant less injection-associated pain than the iomeprol group after the first injection (7.4% vs. 17.6%; p = 0.007), and after all injections (11% vs. 19.4%; p = 0.045). Iodixanol caused less heat sensation after the first injection (p = 0.007) and after all injections (p = 0.029). Heat sensations in the iodixanol group were less intense after all injections (p < 0.0001). No difference was found between the groups regarding the frequency of patients having adverse reactions (5.1% vs. 4%). CONCLUSION: The IOCM iodixanol caused significantly less frequent injection-associated pain and heat sensation than the LOCM iomeprol during femoral arteriography.     

Evaluation of two injection protocols by time-density curves for possible application to hepatic dynamic and upper abdominal CT angiography in MDCT: high concentration (350 mgI/ml) with conventional volume (100 ml) vs. conventional concentration (300 mgI/ml) with larger volume (150 ml) and higher injection rate

The purpose of this study was to compare two different injection protocols for possible application to hepatic dynamic CT and CT angiography of the upper abdomen. Single-level dynamic CT scans through the level of the porta heapatis were performed with an MDCT unit every 3 sec in 32 patients using protocol A (350 mgI/ml iodine contrast medium, total volume 100 ml, injection rate 3.0 ml/sec), and in 39 patients using protocol B (300 mgI/ml, 150 ml, 4.5 ml/sec). Injection duration was kept the same in the two protocols. Time-density curves of the abdominal aorta (Ao), liver (L), and portal vein (PV) were created and compared. Peak enhancements were significantly higher in protocol B than in protocol A, in all of Ao, L, and PV. Time to peak enhancement was shorter in protocol B than in protocol A, reaching statistical significance in Ao and PV, but not in L. The duration of the arterial phase was shorter in protocol B than in protocol A, but the difference was not statistically significant. Our data suggest the superiority of protocol B over protocol A, for possible application to hepatic dynamic CT and CT angiography of the upper abdomen in MDCT.     

MDCT angiography for detection of pulmonary emboli: comparison between equi-iodine doses of iomeprol 400 mgI/mL and iodixanol 320 mgI/mL

Objectives

To compare iomeprol 400 and iodixanol 320 in pulmonary artery MDCTA in subjects with suspected pulmonary embolism.

Methods

Eighty randomized subjects received equi-iodine intravenous doses (48 g) of iomeprol 400 (n = 40) or iodixanol 320 (n = 40), via power injector at 4 mL/s. Four-row (35 subjects) and 64-row (45 subjects) scanners were used. Lumen attenuation was determined on-site and by two off-site blinded readers in the main, lobar, segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries. Statistical comparison between groups was performed for demographics and lumen attenuation.

Results

There were no between-group differences (p > 0.05) in demographics. Pulmonary artery attenuation was significantly (p ≤ 0.03) higher with iomeprol 400 for all readers. Attenuation quality was excellent in more patients after iomeprol 400 than after iodixanol-320 (80% vs. 62.5%; 82.5% vs. 77.5%; off-site readers 1 and 2, respectively). No safety concerns were noted.

Conclusion

The greater iodine delivery rate achievable with iomeprol 400 compared to iodixanol-320 at equi-iodine dose and injection rate permits consistently greater attenuation at all levels of the pulmonary arterial tree.     

Comparison of iohexol 300 mg I/ml and Hexabrix 320 mg I/ml in central angiography

Summary Iohexol 300 mg I/ml and Hexabrix 320 mg I/ml have been compared in a randomized, double blind, parallel study, to evaluate hemodynamic parameters, diagnostic information and adverse reactions. A total of 55 patients entered the study, one of them was later excluded, bacause both contrast media were given by mistake. In the included material, 21 patients were given iohexol 300 mg I/ml in 55 selective injections and 23 patients Hexabrix 320 mg I/ml in 65 selective injections. The median total dose was 52 (12–88) ml in the iohexol group and 51 (13–118) ml in the Hexabrix group. No changes in heart rate were seen. Angiograms of good or excellent quality were obtained, and no difference between the two media was shown. No serious adverse reaction accured, and no statistical significant difference was found between the two media with respect to subjective patient reactions. The results indicate that the non-ionic, low-osmotic contrast medium iohexol is well tolerated in cerebral angiography with respect to the parameters tested. No statistical significant difference was found in any of these parameters between iohexol and Hexabrix.     

Comparative trial of Hexabrix (320 mg iodine/ml), iohexol (300 mg iodine/ml) and iopamiron (300 mg iodine/ml) in cerebral and spinal angiography: a preliminary report

A comparison has been carried out of results of cerebral and spinal-cord angiography with two non-ionic contrast media, iohexol and Iopamiron, and a low-osmolality contrast medium, Hexabrix. A comparative study of iohexol, Hexabrix, and Iopamiron was carried out in a first group of 41 patients, and Hexabrix was compared with Iopamiron in a second group of 56. Evaluation criteria included local and general safety, as well as quality of angioscopy and angiography. In the first group of patients there were no significant differences in safety between the three agents. On the other hand, quality of visualisation during angioscopy with Hexabrix was clearly better. In the second group, safety and quality of the radiographic images were identical; however, once again, quality of angioscopy was better with Hexabrix than with Iopamiron. We conclude that Hexabrix appears to be the best opacifying agent currently available for cerebral and spinal-cord angiography. While results with Iopamiron were quite similar, the latter agent is slightly more expensive.     

High concentration (400 mgI/mL) versus low concentration (320 mgI/mL) iodinated contrast media in multi detector computed tomography of the liver: A randomized,single centre,non-inferiority study

Objectives

To compare vascular and parenchymal contrast enhancement in multidetector computed tomography of the liver using two contrast media with different iodine concentration (Iodixanol 320 mgI/mL and Iomeprol 400 mgI/mL) and similar viscosity, using fixed total iodine volume (40 gI) and iodine delivery rate (1.6 gI/s).

Methods

110 patients were prospectively randomized into two groups. Group A received 125 mL of Iodixanol 320 and group B 100 mL of Iomeprol 400.Attenuation values were measured at the level of the aorta, portal vein and liver parenchyma on unenhanced, arterial, portal and equilibrium phases. A non inferiority test was performed on the differences between the two groups. An independent reader evaluated image quality.

Results

The equivalence of the two CM was demonstrated in all measurements. Higher, but not statistically significant, attenuation values were obtained with Iomeprol 400 in the aorta during the arterial phase (305.3 HU versus 288.4 HU; P = 0.32) and with Iodixanol 320 in the liver parenchyma, during both portal (59.8 HU versus 65.5 HU; P = 0.78) and equilibrium (40.4 HU versus 41.8 HU; P = 0.55) phases.

Conclusions

Iodixanol 320 and Iomeprol 400 injected at the same iodine delivery rate (1.6 gI/s) and total iodine load (40 gI) did not provide statistically significant differences in liver parenchymal and vascular contrast enhancement.     

碘美普尔(碘浓度400 mg/ml)肝脏CT应用专家共识

碘浓度为400 mg/ml的碘美普尔(简称碘美普尔400)在肝脏等腹部实质脏器的CT动态增强扫描以及CT血管成像检查方面具有独特的优势。但对于如何结合中高端多层螺旋CT设备更好发挥其高浓度特点,尚缺乏统一的认识。基于这个问题,中华医学会放射学分会腹部学组组织相关专家经多次讨论,对碘美普尔400的肝脏CT应用达成共识,对碘美普尔400在肝脏CT血管成像、肝脏实质成像、降低辐射剂量及降低对比剂用量方面的应用优势进行阐述,并推荐扫描方案。